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Topic: Portuguese monarchs

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List of Portuguese monarchs

King of Portugal

Timeline of Portuguese history

Afonso II of Portugal

Sancho I of Portugal

Duke of Braganza

Manuel I of Portugal

Peter I of Portugal

Afonso III of Portugal

Manuel II of Portugal

List of Brazilian monarchs

House of Aviz

Sancho II of Portugal

John II of Portugal

Afonso I of Portugal

	List of Portuguese monarchs - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The bases of the Portuguese nationality lie in 868 when Alfonso III of Leon gave Vímara Peres the lands between the Minho and Douro rivers, in the south of Galicia.
		With the Portuguese victory in the Battle of Aljubarrota in 1385 John I, half-brother of Ferdinand and natural son of Pedro I, was acclaimed King.
		The dynasty began with the acclamation of Philip II of Spain as Philip I of Portugal in 1580, officially recognized in 1581 in the Cortes of Tomar.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_Portuguese_monarchs (1606 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search View - Portugal
		Portuguese soils tend to be sandy and acidic and are generally volcanic in origin.
		Portuguese industry and agriculture were inefficient and labor-intensive, and the nation’s financial investments were directed mainly toward the profitable African colonies.
		The Portuguese monarchy became the wealthiest in Europe, with Lisbon serving as the empire’s commercial capital.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761558260__1/Portugal.html (12672 words)

	Pedro I of Brazil - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Their presence made Rio de Janeiro the de facto capital of the Portuguese Empire, and led to Brazil being elevated to the status of a kingdom co-equal with Portugal.
		He promulgated the Portuguese liberal constitution of April 26, but was forced to abdicate on May 28 from the Portuguese crown in favor of his daughter Maria II.
		In the aftermath of a political crisis that followed the dismissal of his ministers, Pedro abdicated his throne in Brazil in favor of his son Pedro II on April 7, 1831, who was only 5 at the time.
	www.bucyrus.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Pedro_I_of_Brazil (936 words)

	European royalty--Portuguese monarchs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Portuguese monarchy was founded by Hernry of Burgandy, son of the poweful French Duke of Burgandy.
		He kept a regular fleet to guard against coastal pirates and was the first Portuguese monarch to establish a permanent and hereditary office of Admiral.
		The peace of 1411 insured the stability of the House of Avis on the Portuguese throne.
	histclo.hispeed.com /royal/por/royal-porm.htm (2380 words)

	List of Brazilian monarchs
		The Brazilian monarchs were the rulers of Brazil from its discovery in 1500 until 1889.
		Brazil was officially discovered on April 22, 1500 and based on the Treaty of Tordesilhas, it became a possession of Portugal.
		The Kings of Portugal then were the Monarchs in Brazil until Napoleon's invading army forced the Portuguese government to flee to Brazil in 1807.
	www.starrepublic.org /encyclopedia/wikipedia/l/li/list_of_brazilian_monarchs.html (149 words)

	Denis of Portugal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Dinis of Portugal (in archaic Portuguese Diniz; in English Denis), the Farmer (Port.
		With the Reconquista completed and the Portuguese territory freed from Moor occupation, Dinis was essentially an administrative king, not a military one.
		The first Portuguese commercial agreement was signed with England in 1308.
	www.newlenox.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Denis_of_Portugal (690 words)

	John II of Portugal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Portuguese explorations were his main priority in government, pushing south the known coastal Africa with the purpose of discovering the maritime route to India.
		Modern historians are still debating their true extent, suspecting that Portuguese sailors reached the continent of North America earlier then Christopher Columbus.
		According to the historical theory of Portuguese preeminence, Columbus was an inexperienced Atlantic captain, chasing an idea the king knew was wrong, wanting to go to a place João II already knew how to get: there was no reason to hire him.
	www.bexley.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/John_II_of_Portugal (1088 words)

	Portugal - Gurupedia
		Because Philip II of Spain was the son of a Portuguese princess, Spain invaded Portugal and the Spanish ruler became Philip I of Portugal in 1580.
		The four main organs of Portuguese politics are the presidency, the prime minister and Council of Ministers (the cabinet), the Assembly of the Republic (the parliament), and the Judicial branch.
		Portuguese is spoken throughout the country, with only the villages of Miranda de Douro's Leonese dialect recognised as a locally co-official language as Mirandese, Asturian in Spain is another Leonese dialect but not officially recognized by Spain.
	www.gurupedia.com /p/po/portugal.htm (4142 words)

	Encyclopedia: List of Portuguese monarchs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		John I (August 24, 1358 â€“ 1390) (in Spanish: Juan I) was the king of Castile, was the son of Henry II and of his wife Joan, daughter of John Manuel of Villena, head of a younger branch of the royal house of Castile.
		Portuguese) are an archipelago of Portuguese islands situated in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean, about 1,500 km from Lisbon and about 3,900 km from the east coast of North America.
		Anthony I of Portugal (Portuguese: AntÃ³nio) (Lisbon, 1531 â€“ Paris, August 26, 1595), known by The Prior of Crato (and, rarely, as The Determined, The Fighter or The Independentist), was a grandson of Manuel I, claimant of the Portuguese throne during the 1580 crisis (struggle for the throne of Portugal...
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/List-of-Portuguese-monarchs (7011 words)

	[No title]
		Therefore, the Portuguese expansion into West Africa was not a haphazard commercial enterprise; rather, it was a programmatic incursion into the world of the infidels to profit their souls and the Portuguese traders.
		However, the notion that Portuguese elites did not want to spread their faith is absurd within the context of the strict religious confessionalization and revival that characterized the faithful in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.
		Portuguese clerical population has been estimated at between 25-30% of the total population in the fifteenth century which is high when compared to Spain's 18-20% and Northern European nations like England with between 10-15%; see Boxer, Church Militant.
	www.fiu.edu /~hisgsa/Mauricio-Mirror_Images.htm (10397 words)

	Afonso IV of Portugal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Afonso, born in Lisbon, was his father's only legitimate son and the rightful heir to the Portuguese throne.
		A peace treaty was signed in Seville in 1339 and, in the next year, Portuguese troops played an important role in the victory of the Battle of Rio Salado over the Marinids Moors in October 1340.
		The faction grew in power, especially after Ines de Castro, daughter of an important nobleman and maid of the Crown Princess Constance, became the lover of her lady's husband: Peter, the heir of Portugal.
	lighthousepoint.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Afonso_IV_of_Portugal (775 words)

	Manuel I of Portugal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Manuel would prove a worthy successor of John II, supporting the Portuguese exploration of the Atlantic Ocean and the development of Portuguese commerce.
		Manuel was a very religious man and invested an important amount of the Portuguese income to sponsor missionaries in their way to the new colonies, such as Francisco Alvarez, and the construction of religious buildings, like the.
		Isabella died in childbirth in 1498, putting an end to the Portuguese ambitions to rule in Spain, which had started in John II reign when Isabella was married to John's son Afonso.
	www.pineville.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Manuel_I_of_Portugal (838 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		John IV (Portuguese João) (1603-1656), the Fortunate, king of Portugal, was born at Villaviciosa in March 1603.
		By the unanimous voice of the people he was raised to the throne of Portugal (of which he was held to be the legitimate heir) during the revolution effected on December 1, 1640 against the Spanish king, Philip IV.
		His accession led to a protracted war with Spain, which only ended with the recognition of Portuguese independence in a subsequent reign (1668).
	www.informationclub.com /encyclopedia/j/jo/john_iv_of_portugal.html (232 words)

	The world's top Portugal websites (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Before the creation of the Portuguese state, Portugal was ruled by the Phoenicians (from 1104 BC), Carthaginians (from 258 BC), Lusitanians (native insurrection from 194 BC), Romans (from 218 BC), Suevi (from 409), Visigoths (from 416), Arabs (from 711), and Asturians and Leonese (from 739).
		Because Philip II of Spain was the son of a Portuguese princess, Spain invaded Portugal and the Spanish ruler became Philip I of Portugal in 1580; the Spanish and Portuguese Empires were under a single rule.
		Portuguese people are very devoted to the Mother of Christ, being treated almost as a goddess, what made some believe there is a link to the deities of the now distant past, that were mostly female.
	dirs.org /dir-wiki.cfm/Top/Regional/Europe/Portugal (4629 words)

	Annals of Overseas History: volume 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		This was possible for reasons related to the conditions of the Portuguese colonisation of the Zambesi valley and to the women statute in the African societies of that region.
		Portuguese policy prevented the foundation of convents in Brazil until the secound half of seventeenth century for demographical reasons.
		The importance of the VOC records for the study of the Portuguese presence in Asia in the early modern period is well known by all researchers interested in the field of the European Expansion.
	cham.fcsh.unl.pt /engl/anais1_e.htm (2126 words)

	AllRefer.com - Sintra, Spain & Portugal (Spanish And Portuguese Political Geography) - Encyclopedia
		The view is superb, and Cintra has been rapturously described not only by Portuguese writers but also by Byron and other foreigners.
		With Lisbon it was permanently retaken from the Moors by Alfonso I in 1147 and thereafter was a favorite residence of the Portuguese monarchs.
		Near the town, in the Peninsular War, the Convention of Cintra was agreed upon (1808) by the French, British, and Portuguese.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/S/Sintra.html (240 words)

	Portuguese monarchs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Monarchs of Britain on Britannia A listing of all British monarchs since 802 A.D. grouped by family.
		Notes on European Portuguese Includes notes on the linguistic development of Portuguese, and a Brazilian-Portuguese dictionary.
		Portuguese of the West Indies Resource for the history and genealogy of Portuguese settlers in the Caribbean region.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Portuguese_monarchs.html (520 words)

	infante -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Portuguese prince noted for his patronage of voyages of discovery among the Madeira Islands and along the western coast of Africa.
		Under his auspices, the sailing vessel known as the Portuguese caravel was developed, the techniques of cartography were advanced, navigational instruments were improved, and commerce by sea was vastly stimulated.
		The founder of the Portuguese empire, Prince Henry of Portugal was a patron of explorers, and he was one of the earliest geographers.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article?tocId=9042383 (550 words)

	Portugal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Portuguese Republica is a country in the extreme southwest of Europe, on the Iberian peninsula, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean to the west and south, and Spain to the north and east.
		The four main organs of Portuguese politics are the presidency, the prime minister and Council of Ministers (the cabinet), the Assembly of the Republic (the parliament), and the judiciary.
		Portugal is a fairly homogenous country linguistically, ethnically and religiously; Portuguese is spoken throughout the country, with only the town of Miranda de Douro's Leonese dialect recognised as a locally co-official language as Mirandese, Asturian in Spain is another Leonese dialect but not officially recognized by Spain.
	usapedia.com /p/portugal.html (957 words)

	European Voyages of Exploration: Religion
		The Portuguese capture of Ceuta in 1415 was a continuation of the Iberian Reconquista.
		Romanus Pontifex authorised the Portuguese Crown to subdue, enslave, or conquer any Pagan or Muslim peoples whom the Portuguese may encounter on their voyages of discovery between Cape Bojador and the nebulously defined region of "the Indies".
		In later years, Portuguese monarchs would heavily rely upon the papal bulls and decrees to justify their authority over discovered lands.
	www.ucalgary.ca /applied_history/tutor/eurvoya/relex.html (739 words)

	Philip II of Spain - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Meanwhile, Philip annexed the throne of Portugal, and the success of colonisation in America improved his financial position, enabling him to show greater aggression towards his enemies.
		In 1580 the direct line of Portuguese royal family died out following a disastrous campaign in Morocco, giving Philip the pretext to claim the throne through his mother, who was a Portuguese princess.
		When Lisbon refused Philip's claims he orchestrated a take-over, invading, annexing, and seizing the throne, which would be held by Spain for sixty years.
	www.newlenox.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Philip_II_of_Spain (2210 words)

	Brazil - Early Colonization
		In the nine days that the Portuguese stayed at the anchorage they called Porto Seguro, the natives were fascinated by the Catholic Mass, the iron tools, and alcoholic drink.
		The Portuguese monarchs followed the practice of holding legal title to lands and to certain commodities but issuing to others licenses to profit from these lands and commodities at their own expense, or with the backing of other investors.
		The Portuguese sent out naval expeditions to destroy French vessels and outposts, but by 1530 it was clear that mounting an effective coast guard along thousands of kilometers with countless coves, anchorages, and bays would be impossible; Portugal either had to take active possession or lose out to more interested rivals.
	countrystudies.us /brazil/6.htm (2647 words)

	History of Portugal - FreeEncyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Pedro de Covilham[?] had reached Abyssinia as early as 1490; in 1520 a Portuguese embassy arrived at the court of ?Prester John,?and in 1541 a military force was sent to aid him in repelling a Islamic invasion.
		In the Red Sea Massawa[?] was the most northerly point frequented by the Portuguese until 1541, when a fleet under Estevflo da Gama[?] penetrated as far as Suez.
		The last world exposition of the 20th century was held in Lisbon in 1998 and the country is the organizer of the 2004 european football championship.
	openproxy.ath.cx /hi/History_of_Portugal.html (913 words)

	Afonso VI of Portugal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Colonial affairs saw the Dutch conquest of Jaffnapatam, Portugal's last colony in Sri Lanka (1658) and the cession of Bombay and Tangier to England (June 23 1661) as dowry for Afonso's sister, Catherine of Braganza who had married King Charles II of England.
		English mediation on 1661 saw Holland acknowledge Portuguese rule of Brazil in return for uncontested control of Sri Lanka.
		In 1667 Afonso was compelled by his estranged French wife and his brother, Pedro to abdicate the throne and was banished to the island of Terceira.
	www.hackettstown.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Afonso_VI_of_Portugal (269 words)

	[No title]
		Portuguese throne briefly as Pedro IV of Portugal.
		Pedro I was born in the Queluz Palace, near Lisbon.
		In 1807, when he was nine, the royal family moved to Brazil in order to escape the Napoleonic Wars, where they would remain for 13 years.
	en-cyclopedia.com /wiki/Pedro_I_of_Brazil (615 words)

	John I of Portugal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Finally on April 6 1385, the council of the kingdom (cortes in Portuguese) summoned in Coimbra declared João, then Master of Aviz, king of Portugal.
		This was in effect a declaration of war against Castile and its pretensions to the Portuguese throne.
		Soon after, the king of Castile invaded Portugal, with the purpose of conquer Lisbon and remove João I from the throne.
	www.hartselle.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/John_I_of_Portugal (651 words)

	Afonso II of Portugal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		''o Gordo''), third List of Portuguese monarchsking of Portugal, was born in Coimbra in April 23 1185 and died in March 25 1223 in the same city.
		This does not mean that he was a weak or somehow cowardly man. The first years of his reign were marked instead by internal disturbances between the Afonso II and his brothers and sisters.
		Since military issues were not a government priority, Afonso II established the state's administration and centralized power on himself.
	www.infothis.com /find/Afonso_II_of_Portugal (428 words)

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