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	Posidonius - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Posidonius (also spelled Poseidonius), nicknamed "the Athlete", was born to a Greek family in Apamea, a Roman city on the river Orontes in northern Syria, and probably died in Rome or Rhodes.
		Posidonius completed his higher education in Athens, where he was a student of the aged Panaetius, the head of the Stoic school.
		Posidonius was celebrated as a polymath throughout the Greco-Roman world because he came near to mastering all the knowledge of his time, similar to Aristotle and Eratosthenes.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Posidonius (2168 words)

	Posidonius - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Posidonius completed his education in Athens, where he was a student of Panaetius.
		In addition to the rational faculties, Posidonius taught that the human soul had faculties that were spirited (anger, desires for power, possessions, etc.) and desiderative (desires for sex and food).
		Stoics and Skeptics: Zeno of Citium and the Stoa, the Stoa, Posidonius of Apamea, the Sceptics, Pyrrho of Elis, Arcesilaus of Pitane, Carneades of C
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /posidonius.htm (724 words)

	Posidonius -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Posidonius ((A native or inhabitant of Greece) Greek: Ποσειδώνιος) "of (A Greek island in the southeast Aegean Sea 10 miles off the Turkish coast; the largest of the Dodecanese; it was colonized before 1000 BC by Dorians from Argos) Rhodes" (ο Ροδος;) or, alternatively, "of Apameia" (ο Απαμεύς) (ca.
		Posidonius completed his higher education in (The capital and largest city of Greece; named after Athena (its patron goddess)) Athens, where he was a student of the aged Panaetius, the head of the Stoic school.
		Posidonius constructed an (Planetarium consisting of an apparatus that illustrates the relative positions and motions of bodies in the solar system by rotation and revolution of balls moved by wheelwork; sometimes incorporated in a clock) orrery, which exhibited the diurnal motions of the sun, moon, and the five known planets.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/p/po/posidonius.htm (2183 words)

	Posidonius (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Posidonius travelled widely in the western Mediterranean region and he made many scientific studies on his travels relating to astronomy, geography and geology.
		None of the writing of Posidonius has survived but much has been written about his achievements and much work has been undertaken trying to reconstruct his views from the fragments of his writings which are preserved in quotations by later authors.
		Posidonius also made calculations of the size and distance to the moon, and the size and distance to the sun.
	www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk /~history/Mathematicians/Posidonius.html (884 words)

	Slde #114 Monograph
		In this text, inspired by the work of Pytheas, Posidonius began by criticizing the usual division of the earth into five zones - one uninhabited (torrid) zone, two inhabitable (temperate) zones, and two uninhabited (frigid) zones - for he considered the limits between them to be uncertain and inaccurate.
		At one point Posidonius also proposed dividing the inhabited world not into continents, as was usual in his day, but by means of circles parallel to the equator, indicating variations in fauna, flora, and climate.
		Equally revisionist was Posidonius' challenge to Eratosthenes' measurement of the circumference of the earth.
	www.henry-davis.com /MAPS/AncientWebPages/114mono.html (735 words)

	Encyclopedia: Posidonius
		The prytaneis (literally presidents) of ancient Athens were members of the boule chosen to perform executive tasks during their term (a prytany), which lasted about two months and then was rotated to other members of the boule.
		Aristarchus (310 BC _ circa 230 BC) was a Greek astronomer and mathematician, born in Samos, Greece.
		Posidonius is a lunar impact crater that is located on the western edge of Mare Serenitatis, to the south of Lacus Somniorum.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Posidonius (3760 words)

	Read about Posidonius at WorldVillage Encyclopedia. Research Posidonius and learn about Posidonius here! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Posidonius (Greek: Ποσειδώνιος) "of Rhodes" (ο Ροδος;) or, alternatively, "of Apameia" (ο Απαμεύς) (ca.
		Posidonius (also spelled Poseidonius), nicknamed "the Athlete", was born to a Greek family in
		Posidonius was celebrated as a polymath throughout the Greco-Roman world because he came near to mastering all the knowledge of his time, similar to Aristotle and
	encyclopedia.worldvillage.com /s/b/Posidonius (1861 words)

	Hitchhiker's Guide to Rukl Chart 14
		Walled plain Posidonius is noted for a floor that is notably lighter in intensity than the surrounding Mare, through much of the lunation.
		Posidonius and its southeast adjoining neighbor, Chacornac, are crossed by a prominent rille system.
		Posidonius is criss-crossed by rilles, and there are also rilles arcing just inside the crater walls; but there's also a mountain range inside the east wall which can be confused with a rille in some lights.
	www.shallowsky.com /moon/rukl14.html (500 words)

	Posidonius (crater) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Chacornac crater is attached to the southeast rim, and to the north is Daniell crater.
		On the Mare Serenitatis surface near Posidonius crater is a notable system of wrinkle-ridges that parallel the nearby shore.
		The Posidonius Gamma feature was first observed by the lunar cartographer Julius Schmidt in 1857.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/P/Posidonius-(crater).htm (370 words)

	Earth Circumference Measurement by Posidonius
		Poseidonios or Posidonius of Syria (Ποσειδώνιος ο Απαμεύς)
		A century later Posidonius used another method to estimate the circumference of the Earth.
		Later Ptolemy informs us via the writings of Cleomedes, Posidonius used the more accurate 3750 stadia for the Rhodes to Alexandria distance but kept his very inaccurate 7o 30' thus obtaining the figure of 180000 stadia for the circumference which is far too small.
	www.mlahanas.de /Greeks/Distances.htm (576 words)

	Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2000.09.06
		Clarke (henceforth C.) argues, on the one hand, that their representation of geographical space is more complicated than commentators on the history of geographical ideas have realized and, on the other hand, that classical scholars have tended to define geography too narrowly when assessing the contributions of these writers.
		An appreciation of the geographical and historical ideas of Polybius, Posidonius and Strabo is thus tied up with the basis on which such references are interpreted, and it becomes clear that the 'constructions' of C.'s title are on more than one level.
		In Jacoby's collection of fragments, Posidonius is FGrH 87, not FGrH 91, as C. erroneously states in the 'Index of passages' s.v.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /bmcr/2000/2000-09-06.html (3450 words)

	Bryn Mawr Classical Review 1999.08.02
		The rigour manifested in Edelstein-Kidd is based on a conception of philological method which should be dear to the heart of any historical investigator: the first and central duty of the investigator is to distinguish with firmness between the evidence and the inferences we draw from that evidence.
		Edelstein-Kidd knew that even scholars whose interest lay in a broader and more speculative reconstruction of Posidonius' impact on later ancient thought had to base their work on a strictly defined set of unimpeachable primary evidence, on pain of circularity or arbitrariness.
		For the fragments and testimonia of Posidonius are derived from "a range of some sixty different reporters varying wildly in discipline, style, period and the intelligibility of their manuscript tradition" (p.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /bmcr/1999/1999-08-02.html (964 words)

	Posidonius Lunar Ray
		Posidonius +419,+526 - A majestic ring, 62 miles in diameter, with low and narrow walls, rising at their highest point 6,000 feet about the light interior and broad on the west, but especially narrow on the east, where they rapidly thin and end in a distinct break.
		To the southeast of Posidonius is a large, ancient ring, from the south-east of which a strong mountain ridge runs, in a somewhat serpentine fashion, southwards across the mare Serenitatis.
		Of the craters connected with Posidonius, Arthur found that J has a hill on the southwest part of its floor and a ridge on the inner north and east.
	www.lunar-occultations.com /rlo/rays/posidonius.htm (877 words)

	Amazon.ca: Books: Posidonius (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Posidonius was one of the most important philosophers and intellectuals writing in the Greco-Roman world of the first half of the first century B.C. This book is a commentary on the surviving testimonia and fragments of his work collected in volume 1.
		Since Posidonius was reported by at least sixty different writers, an attempt has been made to disentangle what Posidonius said, as distinct from the interpretations and distortions of his reporters.
		Posidonius wrote at length not only on philosophy, but also on the sciences, and a large History, and Professor Kidd has assessed Posidonius' work against the background of the philosophical, scientific and historical writings of his predecessors, contemporaries amd followers; for this many other related passages are cited and examined.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/0521354986 (220 words)

	Druids
		Posidonius may have provided extensive description of the Celts, none of his works survived, except from references from other works, most particular by Strabo, Greek geographer of the 1st century AD.
		Contemporary to Posidonius, was the great Roman general and statesman, Julius Caesar (100-44 BC), who described the barbarians in his memoir, the Gallic Wars, during his campaigns in Gaul (France and Belgium) and southeast England.
		It seemed that Caesar's writing was probably influenced by Posidonius' description on the Celts, but Caesar did have first-hand encounter with the Celts, some of them serving him in his army as allies, such as the Aedui.
	www.timelessmyths.com /celtic/druids.html (8814 words)

	Posidonius
		The albedo of central craters (Posidonius A and Posidonius C) increased during the lunar phase.
		The exposed material in Posidonius is brighter than the surrounding material and ejecta are formed.
		In this image are visible several probably domes or hills near Posidonius A. Furthermore a fine network of rilles between Posidonius A and the east wall was recorded.
	www.glrgroup.org /tlp/posidonius.htm (712 words)

	July 14 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Posidonius (135-51 BCE) represents the supposed highest level of achievement in both Celtic and Greek ethnography.
		Posidonius (as does Athenaeus) relates that this was an obsolete Homeric practice.
		Posidonius stylized the druids as a representation of the higher powers of the soul, of the logos which rules the passions.
	www.unc.edu /~egatti/art80/July14.html (1712 words)

	Seneca, Epp. 90 on the origin of civilisation (translation) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Posidonius writes: "When men were still scattered or lived by sheltering in caves or in a hole dug out of a cliff or in the trunk of a hollow tree philosophy taught them to build houses".
		Posidonius retorts: `Anacharsis invented the potter's wheel by whose rotation pottery is formed.` Because Homer mentions the potter's wheel, some people prefer that his verses be taken as false rather than Posidonius's story.
		Posidonius again retorts: `Democritus is said to have invented the arch in which the curvature of stones leaning towards the middle little by little is joined by the middle stone.` I say that this is false since there must have been bridges and gateways before Democritus which are curved near the top.
	duke.usask.ca /~niallm/233/Seneca.htm (4274 words)

	LPOD - 2004-12-25 - Lunar Photo of the Day
		Posidonius is a beacon of interest along the otherwise bland north-eastern shore of Serenitatis.
		As this excellent photo by Jim Phillips shows the inner walls are narrow ridges (at least on the mare side), the floor is shallow, wide and covered with arcuate mountains, hills and rilles.
		Rising magma ponded under Posidonius, uplifting and fracturing its floor.
	www.lpod.org /LPOD-2004-12-25.htm (151 words)

	Ancient Greeks and why maybe America was discovered
		"Posidonius suspects that the length of the inhabited world, about 70000 stadia, is half the entire circle on which it had been taken, so that if you sail from the west in a straight course, you will reach India within 70000 stadia.
		Strabo considers that the distance to India, using the smaller Posidonius value, is only 70000 stadia therefore India was not far to the west.
		Another value mentioned are 240000 Stadia assuming that Posidonius used 5000 stadia instead the correct 3750 thus both errors cancel to some extend and produce a result close to the true value.
	www.mlahanas.de /Greeks/Geography.htm (1192 words)

	Classical Writers & Historians
		At a time when the Celtic tribes were still major forces to be reckoned with, about the third century BC, Polybius shares his vivid recountings of the powerful Celtic peoples and their continued spread throughout southern and eastern Europe.
		Relying also heavily on the writer Posidonius for information about the Celts, Livy describes in his major work 'History of Rome' an attack on the city of Rome by the Celts which took place in the early 4th century BC.
		Though he did not gather his information from his travels himself and relied heavily on his informants and aides, it is generally accepted that his writings serve as a reliable and accurate work of reference.
	www.celticgrounds.com /chapters/writers.htm (471 words)

	Inconstant Moon
		To the south of Posidonius, and north-east of Pliny, the Sun will tonight set on the landing site of Apollo 17, where in 1972 Eugene Cernan and Harrison Schmitt became the last men to set foot on the Moon...
		North-west of Posidonius and about one Posidonius length beyond the northern edge of Serenitatis is Eudoxus and, at twice the distance from the Mare, its northern neighbour, ring mountain Aristotle, both class 1 and conspicuous in the low-angle light.
		The latter, larger crater is especially clear against the smooth backdrop of the Mare Frigoris, which has itself begun to fall behind the terminator.
	www.minervatech.u-net.com /moon/day_20.htm (322 words)

	POSIDONIUS - LoveToKnow Article on POSIDONIUS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		His histor~ of the period from 146 to 88 B.C., in fifty-two books, must have bee, a valuable storehouse of facts.
		Cicero, who submitted to his criti cism the memoirs which he had written in Greek of his consulship made use of writings of Posidonius in Dc natura deorum, bk.
		342378 (Leipzig, 1877); Thiaucourt, Essai sur les traitis philosophigues de Cicron (Paris, 1885); Schmekel, Die Philosophic der mittlern Stoa (1892); Arnold, Untersuchungen ber Theophanes von Mytilene and Posidonius von Apamea (1882).
	32.1911encyclopedia.org /P/PO/POSIDONIUS.htm (461 words)

	Re: [Megillot] Qumran history, again
		Posidonius periodized Jewish history into three phases: the Golden Age under Moses and his successors; a period under later Jewish priests characterized by various "superstitions"; and the monarchical period, i.e.
		Posidonius did not single out Jannaeus or his sons on the issue of superstition, and I seriously doubt that the Essenes criticized Jannaeus for being circumcised or having a kosher diet!
		Second, your attempt to enlist Posidonius' criticism of Alexander Jannaeus and his two sons as tyrants as evidence of Jannaeus as Wicked Priest is misguided in several respects.
	www.mail-archive.com /g-megillot@mcmaster.ca/msg00244.html (952 words)

	orion Posidonius (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		"Posidonius, the Stoic philosopher and polymath of Apamea and Rhodes, one of the most dominant intellectual figures in the first half of the first century BC, had in general an astonishingly encyclopedic range of interests and writings.
		Posidonius was the main source for Strabo's History; and Josephus used Strabo's History in Ant 13 in describing Essenes and others philosophically.
		One of the disagreements was whether the text in Strabo's Geography excludes Posidonius as a source on Essenes, as RG wrote.
	orion.mscc.huji.ac.il /orion/archives/1998a/msg00383.html (361 words)

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