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Topic: Positional astronomy

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	Kids.net.au - Encyclopedia Astronomy and astrophysics - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Astronomy, which etymologically means laws of the stars, is the science whose subject is the observation and explanation of events outside the earth.
		Astronomy is one of the few sciences where amateurs still play an active role, especially in the discovering and monitoring of transient phenomena.
		Astronomy is not to be confused with astrology, a pseudoscience which attempts to predict a person's destiny by tracking the paths of astronomical objects.
	www.kids.net.au /encyclopedia-wiki/as/Astronomy_and_astrophysics (982 words)

	Talk:Astronomy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It's all in history of astronomy and it is meaningless to those who know nothing and redundant to those who do know the history.
		During part of the 20th century astronomy was considered to be separated into astrometry, celestial mechanics and astrophysics.
		People interested in astronomy by and large couldn't care less about astrology, and the great majority of people interested in astrology are blind partisans of it, and "pseudoscience", an intrinsically POV article, is just waving a red rag in front of a bull....
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Talk:Astronomy (3573 words)

	Positional Astronomy
		We measure positions on Earth's surface by Latitude and Longitude.
		The FPA is the position of the Vernal Equinox; it is where the Ecliptic crosses the Celestial Equator.
		The Declination (Dec) of an object is its position measured northwards from the equatorial plane.
	www.astunit.com /tutorials/positional.htm (503 words)

	Astrometry - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Astrometry is a branch of astronomy that deals with the positions of stars and other celestial bodies, their distances and movements.
		It is one of the oldest subfields of the science, the successor to the more qualitative study of positional astronomy.
		It has been also been used to detect extrasolar planets by measuring the displacement they cause in their parent star's apparent position on the sky, due to their mutual orbit around the center of mass of the system.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Astrometry (528 words)

	Positional astronomy -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		This is the oldest branch of (The branch of physics that studies celestial bodies and the universe as a whole) astronomy and dates back to (The historic period preceding the Middle Ages in Europe) antiquity.
		The science of actually measuring positions of celestial objects in the sky is known as (The branch of astronomy that deals with the measurement of the position and motion of celestial bodies) astrometry.
		On modern star charts, the (The apparent surface of the imaginary sphere on which celestial bodies appear to be projected) celestial sphere is divided into 88 (A configuration of stars as seen from the earth) constellations.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/p/po/positional_astronomy.htm (726 words)

	ARVAL - RGO Positional Astronomy
		The positions of stars are usually measured from the Earth's surface, and occasionally from satellites orbiting the Earth.
		Astronomers measuring the positions of stars, planets, etc., have used considerable ingenuity in removing from the observations the effects of the motion of the Earth and the distortion caused by its atmosphere.
		Repeated measurement of the positions of objects in the Solar System, reduced to the centre of the Sun as described above, lead to the accurate prediction of their orbits, which is essential in planning space missions such as the famous Voyager I and II trips to the outer parts of the Solar System.
	www.oarval.org /meridian.htm (1337 words)

	LMT Tech Resource Store: Books : Textbook on Spherical Astronomy
		Most problems in which the precise determination of a heavenly body's position in the sky is important are considered in theoretical detail, and the necessary formulae are derived to a precision that is sufficient for all but the most specialist purposes.
		And then it slowly advances to more practical topics in astronomy: the coordinate system of astronomy and its transformation from one system to another, the reduction in object's position: refraction and aberration, timekeeping system (calendar included), planetary and...
		If you are interested in any subject of position astronomy (motion of the moon, stellar navigation, astrometry, etc.) you must stat by reading this book.
	www.elise.com /lmtstore/0521291801/Textbook_on_Spherical_Astronomy.html (510 words)

	Table of Contents and Excerpt, Aveni, Skywatchers
		The Stonehenge controversy was responsible for a resurgence of interest in the interdisciplinary field of astroarchaeology, a term first coined by Hawkins (1966) to encompass the study of astronomical principles employed in ancient works of architecture and the elaboration of a methodology for the retrieval and quantitative analysis of astronomical alignment data.
		Different from the treatment found in standard astronomy texts, this material is especially slanted toward naked-eye astronomy, particularly as it applies in the tropical latitudes where Native American civilizations developed.
		Obviously, the appendix on positional astronomy for magnetic card calculators had to be scrapped; it is replaced by a useful list of available software products and other resource material which have appeared apace with our burgeoning interdiscipline.
	www.utexas.edu /utpress/excerpts/exavesk2.html (4128 words)

	Astrolabe History
		An instrument used to solve problems in positional astronomy, with a history of over two thousand years, may claim to be the oldest scientific instrument in the world as well as the most sophisticated of all the early scientific instruments.
		On its face it displays a circular map of the stars, the rete, often beautifully designed in fretwork cut from a sheet of metal with pointers to show the position of the brighter stars relative to one another and to the zodiacal circle showing the sun's position for every day of the year.
		To obtain the time, the user first measured the altitude of the sun, then having noted the sun's position for the day in the zodiacal circle, rotated the rete until the sun's position coincided with the circle on the plate corresponding to the observed altitude.
	www.saundersandcooke.com /history.html (508 words)

	Week 6 Readings
		Old questions about Airy's obsession with positional astronomy as a help or a hindrance to the growth of astronomy in Britain can be more profitably rephrased in terms of institutional survival strategies and the art of designing a productive rather than a deadend research niche.
		These systemic changes in the practice of astronomy at Greenwich made it possible for Airy to delegate what he defined as the tedium of "mere" observation and computation to lower-level staff in order to devote his own time to tasks more demanding of his specialized training.
		He did not neglect his duties as a positional astronomer, but his familiarity with the equipment and procedures required to direct a research program more in keeping with modern trends helped the Royal Observatory begin to move, albeit slowly, toward an agenda that included astrophysics and photography.
	eee.uci.edu /clients/bjbecker/ExploringtheCosmos/week6a.html (2952 words)

	Theo’s Page
		Includes telescopic and unaided eye observation, positional astronomy, astrophotography, optic spectroscopy, interpretation of astronomical data and astronomy laboratory exercises.
		Contemporary understanding of the solar system; the sky and celestial motions; ancient astronomy; the Copernican revolution; light, gravity, orbits, and astronomical instruments; formation of the solar system; sun, planets and moons, asteroids, comets, meteors and meteorites; and the origins of life.
		Survey of astronomy for students who have some background in mathematics and physics; the solar system, stars, nebulae, galaxies, cosmology, astronomical methods.
	www.uwmc.uwc.edu /astronomy/astcatalog.htm (478 words)

	University of Pittsburgh - Physics & Astronomy Department (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The astrophysics research emphases are in studies of extragalactic objects (both theoretical and observational) such as radio galaxies and quasars and in studies of massive stars by novel spectrographic techniques.
		Both optical and long-baseline radio astronomy observations are being conducted at national and international observatories throughout the world.
		The astronomy program has been carried out at the Allegheny Observatory, located a few miles from the main campus in Riverview Park.
	www.phyast.pitt.edu /Research/Groups/Astronomy.htm (142 words)

	Feature
		It was his inspiration that led to the formation of a Nautical Almanac Unit, under the aegis of the India Meteorological Department in Alipore, Calcutta, on December 1, 1955.
		It was made an independent centre to be known as Positional Astronomy Centre (P.A.C.) directly under the control of the Director General of Meteorology, New Delhi.
		The Positional Astronomy Centre was formally inaugurated on April 26, 1980.
	pib.nic.in /feature/fe0999/f2109991.html (977 words)

	Obituary: Heinrich K. Eichhorn (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Eichhorn, an astrometrist, previously was chair of the astronomy department at the University of South Florida in Tampa and was an honorary professor at Vienna and Graz, both in Austria.
		Dr. Eichhorn received his doctorate in astronomy from the University of Vienna and recently received an honorary doctorate of astronomy from Pulkovo Observatory in Russia.
		He was chair of the Division on Dynamical Astronomy of the American Astronomical Society ans was president of the Commission on Positional Astronomy of the International Astronomical Union.
	www.astro.ufl.edu /obit_hke.html (310 words)

	Search Results for positional astronomy - Encyclopædia Britannica
		Astronomy of the 18th, 19th, and early 20th centuries was not quite so completely Newtonian, however.
		The development of new methods of numerical calculation was a response to the increased practical demands of numerical computation, particularly in trigonometry, navigation, and astronomy.
		Resource on astronomy covering topics such as space exploration, astronomy in science fiction, the Hubble Space Telescope, solar systems, and research space craft.
	www.britannica.com /search?query=positional+astronomy (591 words)

	IAU Commission 8 Astrometry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Over the years Commission 8 has changed its name from "Meridian Astronomy" to "Positional Astronomy" and to the present "Astrometry".
		The IAU Commission 8 "Astrometry" coordinates all aspects of positional astronomy which involve positions, proper motions, and parallaxes of celestial objects.
		This effort is led by the IAU Scientific Division I "Fundamental Astronomy".
	www.pha.jhu.edu /iau_comm8/comm8.html (156 words)

	Basics of Positional Astronomy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Altitude is the angular distance above the horizon (0 < h < 90°), and azimuth the angular distance, measured along the horizon, westwards from the south point S (in astronomy) or eastwards from the north point N in nautics (0 < alpha <360°).
		are commonly used when giving the position of an object on the celestial sphere.
		The equatorial system is based on the celestial equator, which is the great circle obtained by projecting the Earth's equator on to the celestial sphere, the equatorial plane being perpendicular to the Earth's axis of rotation.
	www.jgiesen.de /SME/details/basics (589 words)

	[No title]
		Hetherington 1976; Lankford 1979, 1981; Rothenberg 1981) have demonstrated that the amateur-professional nexus in astronomy is a particularly fruitful area of study, addressing as it does the tensions associated with the evolution of a particular science.
		On March 21 he forwarded details of his discovery, and the two cometary positions to Tebbutt, noting at the time that "Possibly this is the comet reported from Australia as having been found in "Sculptor" but of which no positions were given." (Grigg 1906b).
		In view of the exceedingly vague position given in Grigg's cable, he decided not to cable news of the discovery to Kiel, and it was only on May 5 that he sent details off by letter (Baracchi 1907).
	www.atnf.csiro.au /pasa/16_2/orchiston (6152 words)

	Positional Astronomy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Laboratory of Astrometry and Chair of Astronomy - Dr. A.S.Tsvetkov...
		Positional astronomy : Astronomical instruments : Fact files : Learning : Nation...
		Astronomy - Fleeing pulsars - Robert Burnham (07/19/2004)...
	www.scienceoxygen.com /astronomy/81.html (57 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The position is a temporary Federal appointment at the GS 12 level.
		The position is for one year, renewable for up to three years.
		The successful candidate is expected to conduct astronomical research or scientific study consistent with the status of the Department as a national resource in fundamental astronomical reference data and collaborate with members of the staff.
	www.aas.org /jobreg/backissues/2002/may/no12675.html (218 words)

	Astro 140 Life in the Universe
		The purpose of this class is to introduce you to the methods of practical observational astronomy.
		This class will require you to use the observing facilities on the roof of Davey Laboratory and lab instruments and to analyze astronomical data with the UNIX workstations in 216 Osmond.
		Note that all of the University and Astronomy Department policies on academic integrity apply to this class.
	www.astro.psu.edu /users/jian/ast293.html (557 words)

	Amazon.ca: Books: Textbook on Spherical Astronomy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Written by William Marshall Smart, a prominent British professor of astronomy and a prolific writer on the subject, it covers almost all aspects of positional astronomy, including the geometry of the celestial sphere, co-ordinate systems, measurement of time, precession, nutation, aberration, reduction of astronomical photographs, and even eclipses and occultations.
		Written in Smart's pedantic but eminently readable style, it is easily consumed in a few days or even hours by anyone with a working knowledge of college algebra, trigonometry, and elementary calculus.
		After Smart's death in 1975, revisions for "Spherical Astronomy" were undertaken by R. Green (author of a separate book on the subject) in order to keep it up-to-date with current astronomical practice, mainly in the area of accurate timekeeping in the face of the variable rate of rotation of the earth.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/0521291801 (704 words)

	Shapiro Science Library - Subject Guides - Astronomy
		The University of Michigan libraries collect books and periodicals in the field of astronomy to support the astronomy research and instruction performed by members of the University of Michigan community.
		Most of the astronomy materials collected at the University of Michigan are housed in the Shapiro Science Library, on the 3rd and 4th Floors of the Shapiro Library Building.
		The campus depository for NASA reports and the primary home of aerospace materials is the Art, Architecture and Engineering Library on North Campus.
	www.lib.umich.edu /science/astro (1304 words)

	Positional Astronomy
		On the recommendations of the Calendar Reforms Committee under the chairmanship of the late Professor Meghnad Saha, a Nautical Almanac Unit was established in IMD at Calcutta in 1955 to meet the national needs for astronomical data for scientific and general purposes.
		It was further augmented in 1979 and renamed as Positional Astronomy Centre (PAC).
		The Centre contributes to a great extent in popularising astronomy through its monthly Star Chart and Astronomical Bulletins published in 40 newspaper editions throughout the country.
	www.amssdelhi.gov.in /positional_astronomy.htm (383 words)

	SWITCH TO SPACE 2005
		Astronomy pages covering many astronomy and related issues.
		Current position and news of the Saturn probe launched October 15, 1997, arrival July 2004.
		positions of sun and planets and deep sky objects.
	www.ibiblio.org /ais/space.htm (1661 words)

	Learn more about Positional astronomy in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Learn more about Positional astronomy in the online encyclopedia.
		Hint: Play with putting spaces before and after your words to see the different results you get.
		A transit occurs when an inferior planet passes through a point of conjunction
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /p/po/positional_astronomy.html (321 words)

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