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Topic: Positive (linguistics)


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In the News (Tue 29 Dec 09)

  
 The Foundations of Positivism and the Rise of Sociology - Herbert Marcuse
While there can be no doubt about Comte’s contribution to positivism (Comte himself derived the positivistic method from the foundations of positive philosophy), it may seem preposterous to relate Schelling’s and Stahl’s positive philosophy to that movement.
Was Schelling not an exponent of metaphysics in its most transcendent form, and did Stahl not expound a religious theory of the state?
True, Stahl is recognised as a representative of positivism in legal philosophy, but what has Schelling’s philosophy of mythology and revelation-which furnished some basic concepts for Stahl’s doctrine-to do with positivism?
evans-experientialism.freewebspace.com /marcuse04.htm   (5597 words)

  
 Nucleus
In chemistry and physics, the nucleus (atomic nucleus) is the collection of protons and neutrons in the center of an atom that carries the bulk of the atom's mass and positive charge.
In astronomy, a nucleus (galaxy nucleus) is the central region of a galaxy.
In meteorology, a nucleus (cloud condensation nuclei) is the basis for the development of a cloud droplet.
hallencyclopedia.com /Nucleus   (477 words)

  
 Mazzon: language varieties in diachrony and synchrony
This is of course one of the cases in which the influence of synchronic over diachronic linguistics has not been positive; the synchronic analysis of dialectal variation much too often takes as its starting point "deviations" from a point of reference which, though this is often left unsaid, is normally the standard.
For structuralism, this meant a total separation between historical linguistics and linguistics proper, a position that was held in the early stages of generativism, too.
Martinet (1954-5:8) noted that it is often difficult for the linguist to make decisions: "in border-line cases, the linguist tends to be just as hesitant as the layman, because actually both use the same terms, and the linguist has simply never taken the trouble to redefine them scientifically" [5].
www.univie.ac.at /Anglistik/hoe/pmazzon.htm   (10515 words)

  
 The Semiotics of Control Rules: 'What Do You Mean by Positive Small?'
Not all nodes in adjacent layers are connected; the pattern of connections, as well as the weights associated with the connections, determines the output of the net.
The third layer, connecting the antecedent and consequent terms, models the rules by connecting only the desired nodes in layers two and four and aggregating according to the activation function's definition.
Lin, Lin and Lee[9] (LLandL) build a five layer network in which the membership functions of linguistic terms are parameterized as symmetric trapezoid shaped activation functions in the second and fourth layer nodes modelling respectively the antecedent and consequent terms.
www2.gsu.edu /~dscbms/semiotic.htm   (3064 words)

  
 Theory of markedness (from linguistics) --  Encyclopædia Britannica
the branch of linguistics concerned with the study of phonological, grammatical, and semantic changes, the reconstruction of earlier stages of languages, and the discovery and application of the methods by which genetic relationships among languages can be demonstrated.
Historical linguistics had its roots in the etymological speculations of classical and medieval times,...
A proton is a nuclear particle with a unit positive electrical charge; it is represented by the...
secure.britannica.com /eb/article-35106   (833 words)

  
 Linguistics 001 -- Prescriptive and Descriptive Linguistics
As we'll see, linguistics can certainly be used prescriptively, and often is. However, modern linguists insist that value judgments about language should be recognized as such, and should be examined in the light of the facts.
On the positive side, here is an essay by linguist Chuck Fillmore and a resolution passed by the Linguistic Society of America.
Linguists have been involved for several millenia in the codification and preservation of languages, and we have learned a few lessons in the process.
www.ling.upenn.edu /courses/Fall_2003/ling001/prescription.html   (833 words)

  
 Stef Slembrouck (1998-2004) - WHAT IS MEANT BY DISCOURSE ANALYSIS?
It follows that agents continuously subjected to the sanctions of the linguistic market, functioning as a system of positive and negative reinforcements, acquire durable dispositions which are the basis of their perception and appreciation of the state of the linguistic market and consequently of their strategies of expression.
To the extent that structural linguistics has developed into the study of language use (rather than the linguistic system), nowadays often making use of large electronic corpora of texts for studying the distribution of particular structures and uses, it can be said to have developed a discourse analytical perspective.
Linguists have tended to dismissive of native speakers' failure to distinguish between, say, gender as a part of linguistic structure, and, gender in the sense of particular objects/entities being associated with [+/- (fe)male] as part of a "natural order" in the "world out there".
bank.rug.ac.be /da/da.htm   (13759 words)

  
 Linguistics 001 -- Prescriptive and Descriptive Linguistics
On the positive side, here is an essay by linguist Chuck Fillmore and a resolution passed by the Linguistic Society of America.
Linguists have been involved for several millenia in the codification and preservation of languages, and we have learned a few lessons in the process.
Descriptive linguists like to poke fun at prescriptivists by citing some historical objections that are hard to understand today.
www.ling.upenn.edu /courses/ling001/prescription.html   (3729 words)

  
 Linguistics 490 Syllabus
Linguistics 490 is intended to provide you with a broader context on linguistics and help you synthesize your linguistic knowledge.
Your final attendance score will be calculated according to a linear formula where positive points will be given for attendance and tardies, but 3 tardies are exactly equal to one absence.
There are two goals of this course: (1) to help you understand the philosophical roots of modern linguistics and (2) to help you evaluate academic research in the form of an issue research paper.
www.ttt.org /LingLinks/syllabus.html   (1335 words)

  
 Valence Information
In Linguistics, valence refers to the number of arguments that a verb can take.
In Psychology and Neuroscience, valence refers to the emotional value associated with a stimulus; e.g., a familiar face can have positive valence.
Valence is a somewhat outdated concept in chemistry.
www.topicguide.com /Valence.html   (1335 words)

  
 Mazzon: language varieties in diachrony and synchrony
This is of course one of the cases in which the influence of synchronic over diachronic linguistics has not been positive; the synchronic analysis of dialectal variation much too often takes as its starting point "deviations" from a point of reference which, though this is often left unsaid, is normally the standard.
Linguistics seemed to look increasingly inwards, at the internal dynamics of the system (with structuralism and then GGT), or outwards at the external world (with socio-linguistics, pragmatics etc.), but no longer back, at the past (Varvaro 1984:5; Jones 1972:1).
Philological, comparative research led the field before the onset of structuralism; that was a "golden season" for historical linguistics, whose developments and achievements were not matched by similar advances in synchronic linguistics.
www.univie.ac.at /Anglistik/hoe/pmazzon.htm   (1335 words)

  
 Stress Stress
When such positive emotions are felt, they "not only change patterns of activity in the nervous system; they also reduce the production of the stress hormone cortisol." When there's less cortisol, there's more DHEA, the so-called fountain of youth hormone known to have anti-aging effects on many of the body's systems.
Stress occurs as a response to an event that is viewed as threatening, either physical or mental threat.
Stress occurs when a person perceives that he or she cannot cope with the demands of the environment.
stress.treatment-and-guides.com   (2876 words)

  
 Sentence Level Semantics Introduction to Linguistics
Find two sample sentences for each category: one for the positive value and one for the negative value of the category.
The re-interpreted sentence would mean something like she appeared to be winning the race for one hour, but it would not mean that the actual winning took an hour.
In these two sentences we are interested in different viewpoints or "aspects" of the event.
www.hamline.edu /personal/aschramm/linguistics2001/11sntsem.html   (1293 words)

  
 Forensic-Evidence: Identification Evidence - Forensic Stylistics in the Courts
Agent Fitzgerald does not have a degree in linguistics, forensic stylistics, or text analysis; he has a bachelor's degree in criminal justice and a master's degree in criminal justice administration.
Clifford, 704 F.2d 86 (3d Cir.1983), the government did not proffer the testimony of its forensic linguistic expert acknowledging that at that time, forensic linguistic analysis was used only for investigative purposes because it was not a positive means of identification.
Agent Fitzgerald is a member of the National Center for the Analysis of Violent Crimes ("NCAVC") unit of the FBI Academy in Quantico, VA. He has been in that unit for about five years.
www.forensic-evidence.com /site/ID/linquistics.html   (1293 words)

  
 Stef Slembrouck (1998-2004) - WHAT IS MEANT BY DISCOURSE ANALYSIS?
It follows that agents continuously subjected to the sanctions of the linguistic market, functioning as a system of positive and negative reinforcements, acquire durable dispositions which are the basis of their perception and appreciation of the state of the linguistic market and consequently of their strategies of expression.
Linguistics, therefore, should be seen a sub-discipline of the wider, overarching discipline of semiotics, the science of sign systems.
Another inroad into the development of a discourse perspective is more radically antithetical to the concerns of linguistics "proper".
bank.rug.ac.be /da/da.htm   (13759 words)

  
 RG Communicative Understanding - Project 4: Explanatory Coherence
Such coherence involves not just the relative absence of inconsistency among the attitudes, but also their integration in a stronger and more positive sense, i.e., there sould be relations of implication, of confirmation and explanation between various attitudes.
Vendler, Zeno, 1967, Linguistics in Philosophy, Ithaca, N.Y. Vendler, Zeno, 1976, A Note to the Paralogisms.
Bromberger, Sylvain, 1992, On What We Know We Don't Know, Explanation, Theory, Linguistics, and How Questions Shape Them, Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press.
www.uni-leipzig.de /~fkv/projekte/p4e.html   (13759 words)

  
 journal page
H. surveys the evidence, both positive and negative, for this “disjunct boundary” in Babine-Witsu Wit’en (C. British Columbia) and concludes that, while present, it is relatively weak.
Sharon Hargus, “The Disjunct Boundary in Babine-Witsu Wit’en” (487-513) [A phonologically important boundary in the prefix complex of some Athabaskan languages is residual or lacking in others.
This may indicate a closer relationship between B-W and the California-Oregon Athabaskan languages than has been previously recognized.]
wings.buffalo.edu /linguistics/ssila/journals/indjour/j230.htm   (13759 words)

  
 Prof Anne Yue
Having graduated from the University of Hong Kong, Professor Yue pursued her graduate studies in linguistics in the United States and obtained her M.A. degree from the University of Texas in Austin and her Ph.D. degree from the Ohio State University.
Professor Yue is the current President of the International Association of Chinese Linguistics, 1999-2000.
To have more than one official language and more than one standard language may have positive value from a global perspective.
www.cuhk.hk /ipro/pressrelease/991025.htm   (13759 words)

  
 languagehat.com: FORENSIC LINGUISTICS.
I've heard something positive about this book since I mentioned it in a forensic linguistics entry on September 19th http://www.margaret-marks.com/Transblawg/archives/000388.html - mind you, part of what I heard is that it deals inter alia with translation.
Difficult to say who created forensic linguistics, but - as an example - Roger Shuy (www.rogershuy.com) is very important and was working in the area, as were others, before Don Foster became involved in applying his skills to law enforcement.' Foster comes from a literary analysis background rather than a linguistics one.
You mention a recent book out on forensic linguistics.
www.languagehat.com /archives/000931.php   (1540 words)

  
 prescription - OneLook Dictionary Search
Phrases that include prescription: prescription drug, easement by prescription, positive prescription, prescription medicine, drug prescription, more...
Words similar to prescription: ethical drug, prescription drug, prescription medicien, more...
Prescription : Street Terms: Drugs and the Drug Trade [home, info]
www.onelook.com /?w=prescription   (1540 words)

  
 BookBest: Science - Medicine - Physician & Patient - General
The honesty with which he probes his own failure to recognize what his patients are trying to tell him speaks to his professional integrity and his ongoing quest to make his work reap positive results.
Patients and therapist alike would benefit from a careful reading of Dr. Frankel's clinical examples.
The Intelligent Patient's Guide to the Doctor-Patient Relationship is an interesting book for anyone, and a valuable book for people whose physical conditions cause them to spend a lot of time with doctors.
science.bookbest.com /node/medicine/general/40851_5.html   (1540 words)

  
 Negative and Positive Polarity : A Binding Approach (Cambridge Studies in Linguistics) : Book
Negative and Positive Polarity : A Binding Approach (Cambridge Studies in Linguistics)
1) Hardcover Book Negative and Positive Polarity : A Binding Approach (Cambridge Studies in Linguistics) by Cambridge University Press.
Negative and Positive Polarity : A Binding Approach (Cambridge Studies in Linguistics) : Book
www.yezee.com /an/0521444802.html   (1540 words)

  
 Fun_People Archive - 30 Nov - Linguistics?
:-) <_Jym_> ----------------------------------------------------------- Subject: Re: double positive Date: Fri, 21 Nov 97 06:18:17 -0800 From: Tresy Kilbourne You, Anton Sherwood, wrote: >: A linguistics professor was lecturing to his class one day.
However, there is no language wherein a double positive can >: form a negative." >: A voice from the back of the room piped up, "Yeah, right." > >Yeah, yeah.
It goes something like this: -psl] Forwarded-by: Holzwoman@aol.com A linguistics professor was lecturing to his class one day.
www.langston.com /Fun_People/1997/1997BIJ.html   (628 words)

  
 Theses in Linguistics at UND: Tiessen 2003
The earlier individuals arrived or were born in Sumgayit, the more likely they are to demonstrate positive vernacular orientation in their sociolinguistic behaviour.
Talysh use in the home during an individual’s childhood; economic, social and circumstantial factors in an individual’s life; and ethnolinguistic identity are presented as influential in producing positive vernacular orientation in an individual’s sociolinguistic behaviour.
Positive vernacular orientation is shown to be weakest in third generation individuals born after 1991.
www.und.nodak.edu /dept/linguistics/theses/2003Tiessen.htm   (628 words)

  
 Theses in Linguistics at UND: Tiessen 2003
Talysh use in the home during an individual’s childhood; economic, social and circumstantial factors in an individual’s life; and ethnolinguistic identity are presented as influential in producing positive vernacular orientation in an individual’s sociolinguistic behaviour.
This thesis looks at the identification of positive vernacular orientation in the Talysh community of the city of Sumgayit, Azerbaijan, for the purpose of gaining a greater understanding of its causes.
Positive vernacular orientation is shown to be weakest in third generation individuals born after 1991.
www.und.nodak.edu /dept/linguistics/theses/2003Tiessen.htm   (301 words)

  
 Meno's Paradox and the Learnability of Grammar: Abstract
In linguistics, Plato's Problem is understood to be the problem of explaining how a grammar can be acquired under conditions of poverty of the stimulus, that is, a seeming lack of sufficient positive and negative evidence.
In linguistics, Meno's Paradox takes the form of the question: How are learners able to relate their experience, however copious, to their abstract principles of UG?
Whereas Plato's Problem requires us to reduce the gap between knowledge and evidence, Meno's Paradox raises the frightening prospect that we could be immersed in an ocean of evidence and would not recognize it for what it is.
www.chass.utoronto.ca /~dresher/Menoabs.html   (301 words)

  
 NEW PROSPECTS FOR THE STUDY OF ENGLISH DIALECT GRAMMAR
But there have also been very positive developments over the last two decades.
Indeed, I dare to claim that of all branches of dialectology the study of dialect grammar offers the greatest research potential and may soon determine the perception of dialectology within linguistics, especially from the point of view of generative syntactic theory and, crucial for this paper, research working within a functional-typological-cognitive paradigm.
It was the aim of this paper to introduce what appears to be a most promising field of research in English dialectology and comparative linguistics, in general, offering among other things a host of subjects to be worked on by postgraduates.
www.anglistik.uni-freiburg.de /institut/lskortmann/AEDEAN_Kortmann_2003_final.htm   (301 words)

  
 Communication: Faculty
We examine one such convention, that when listing two terms, one positive and the other negative, it is conventional to list the positive one first (e.g., like or dislike, for or against, support or oppose).
Research in linguistics suggests that conventions govern the order in which words are listed in sentences during everyday conversations.
We found that although offering values close to a personís true willingness to pay can in fact pull his or her answers in the direction of the anchor, anchors that are far from peopleís true willingness to pay have no such biasing impact.
communication.stanford.edu /faculty/krosnick.html   (301 words)

  
 ::::iatis.org::::
Diana Eades, 2003: "Participation of second language and second dialect speakers in the legal system" in Annual Review of Applied Linguistics (2003) 23, 113-133).
A book, a number of articles and chapters in books, as well as a short story have been published in the fields of Forensic Linguistics and Court Interpreting.
From this research came, inter alia a BA in Court Interpreting, an academic programme which has received positive reviews as it serves to address the proper teaching of court interpreters in the country (cf.
www.iatis.org /content/bios.php   (301 words)

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