
	Where results make sense

Topic: Positivism in Poland

Related Topics

Positivism

Henryk Sienkiewicz

19th century

	Culture of Poland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The people of Poland have always been hospitable to artists from abroad, and eager to follow what was happening in other countries.
		Poland's eastern frontiers marked the boundary of the influences of Western architecture on the continent.
		In the south of Poland, Zakopane was the birthplace of the avant-garde works of Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz (Witkacy).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Culture_of_Poland (1438 words)

	Positivism in Poland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In Poland, the period in literature in the second part of 19th century (after the January 1863 Uprising until the turn of the 20th century) is known as positivism.
		After the failure of the January Uprising, many Poles became dissatisfied with the previous ideals of regaining idependence through armed conflict, and with emotional literature that supported those ideals (romanticism).
		The positivism opposed romanticism, advocated logic and thought before emotions, and that independence must be reached gradually, with 'work on the foundations' (Polish praca u podstaw, bringing reforms and education to poor areas) and 'organic work' (Polish praca organiczna, helping the society work like a unified organism).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Positivism_in_Poland (187 words)

	In this short essay, I will analyze the impact of the Jewish people and their culture on the Eastern European country ...
		Since Poland was captured and parts of its territory was controlled by other countries (Russia invaded 4 separate times between 1772 and 1815 alone), the history of this country and its various peoples is complex.
		Still, before World War II, Poland contained the largest population of Jews in Europe (and the second largest in the world), and though they are now almost gone, their impact can still be felt.
		It is estimated that 6,000 Jews still reside in Poland, and even though a number of institutions such as the Jewish Social and Cultural Organization are devoted to preserving their antiquated history, it is difficult to view organized communal life surviving through the next generation.
	www.bu.edu /econ/faculty/kyn/newweb/economic_systems/NatIdentity/EE/Poland/PolishJews.html (2540 words)

	Demographic trends (from Poland) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		It was ruled by the tsars of Russia until its loss in World War I. The Kingdom of Poland comprised the bulk of the former Grand Duchy of Warsaw (49,217 square miles [127,470 square kilometres]) and was bordered on the north and west by the...
		It was the relegalization of the trade union Solidarity and the agreement to hold partially free parliamentary elections that appeared to have opened the floodgates of radical reforms that spilled...
		Poland's air force was destroyed on the ground.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-28240 (1004 words)

	The Uprising of 1863 and Era of Positivism
		Poland became painfully conscious of the fact that she was abandoned by everybody, and that her ideals were farther from realization than ever before.
		The fact that a large percentage of the business capital in Poland was foreign and the government intensely inimical to progress, was responsible for the disregard on the part of the industrial corporations for the broader social needs of the country and their unscrupulous exploitation of the working masses.
		France, the only ally Poland had on whom any hopes at all could be placed, after the humiliating experience at the hands of Prussian military supremacy, lost her former position and influence as a first class European power and could not be counted on any more.
	freepages.history.rootsweb.com /~koby/political/chapter_19/19_1863up.html (11518 words)

	-- HIST 557
		The former Kingdom of Poland was placed under military rule, headed by General Ivan F.Paskevich (1782-1856) who had defeated the Poles and was made "Prince of Warsaw." At the same time, the Austrian and Prussian governments repressed their Polish subjects too.
		The great emigration was the artistic and political heart of Poland until the failure of the second revolt against Russia, 1863-64 and the Austrian grant of self-rule to Galicia, Austrian Poland, in 1868.
		Positivism prevailed until about 1891, the centenary of the May 3 Constitution, which led to student demonstrations in Warsaw, brutally put down by Cossack troops.
	www.ku.edu /~eceurope/hist557/lect5b.htm (4343 words)

	Polish Collections: Overviews of the Collections (European Reading Room, Library of Congress)
		Poland's distinguished bibliographic tradition is reflected in the ERR collection by the Estreicher family's classic 40-volume Bibliografia Polska, covering the period 1455-1900; Wiktor Hahn's Bibliografia bibliografij polskich do 1950 roku- (Wroclaw: Zaklad Narodowy im.
		Poland's case for independence, being a series of essays illustrating the continuance of her national life.
		Partitioned by its powerful neighbors, Prussia, Austria, and Russia, Poland literally disappeared from the map as an independent state in 1795, not to reemerge until the end of World War I. And within three decades, its borders were redrawn and shifted some 100 miles to the west.
	www.loc.gov /rr/european/coll/poli.html (4687 words)

	Akcja "Wisla": Poland's Solution to its "Ukrainian Problem?" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Thus, Prizel's chronology of ideology in Poland shows that, as the Polish sense of identity narrowed from the idea of a multiethnic Commonwealth to one of a homogeneous Polish nation-state, the Polish leadership's intentions concerning its national minorities moved from co-optation to assimilation.
		The communists consolidated their hold over Poland as the Western powers acquiesced and permitted the Lublin Poles (later called the Warsaw Poles) to essentially continue to govern, albeit under the stipulation that the government "be reorganized on a broader democratic basis with the inclusion of democratic leaders from Poland itself and Poland abroad.
		Poland wished to solve its Ukrainian minority problem by spreading the Ukrainians, who continued to live in tribe-like communities on their ancestral lands, among the Poles in the new northern and western territories.
	www.lemko.org /wisla/DH01.html (10634 words)

	Articles - Positivism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Legal positivism is a view which, in contrast to the natural law view, claims that a legal system can be defined independently of evaluative terms or propositions.
		Sometimes legal positivism is understood as the view that laws must be obeyed, whatever their content.
		In Poland, the period in literature after the January 1863 Uprising until the turn of the 20th century is known as the Positivist period.
	www.gaple.com /articles/Positivism (369 words)

	Polish History: chapter/book-length sites
		An illustrated history of Poland in 21 chapters which was published in 1917.
		A history of Poland, primarily in the realm of diplomatic and military actions, in seven sections.
		In outline form the site seeks to answer the question: "What was Poland in 1918?" The result is a longer answer than: "A state without clearly defined borders which hadn't existed for 123 years.
	info-poland.buffalo.edu /web/history/overview/link.shtml (552 words)

	franzjutta.com
		Logical Positivism was perhaps the dominant influence in the general Pragmatic Empiricism that is the tacit position of most professional philosophers and scientists and has made considerable inroads in the lay population.
		Positivism of course in its various guises deals with problems of induction, linguistic theory and word/sentence formulation, analytic vs. synthetic propositions, etc., although language remains central to all its discussions.
		Positivist Empiricism and Logical Positivism were just fulfilling their historic tasks, were expressing the "spirit" of the times, the ratio, the ultima ratio of 20th century capitalism, which began to restructure itself on a global scale, on its world market, with a bellicose economy, ever since the Vietnam War, ever since the roaring 1960s.
	www.franzjutta.com /Newsletter.html (5491 words)

	[No title]
		Modernization Processes in Poland: the directions and nature of Polish economic development; the role of economic policy of state: the eastern markets discussed; the role of foreign capital; Poland between the two wars: degree of civilization development.
		The Jews in Poland: the Jewish community of the Republic; the partitioners' policy with respect to Jews; the situation of Jews and anti-Semitism.
		Poland in Europe, or the center and the outskirts.
	www.ceu.hu /crc/Syllabi/Hist/Kac_HistPol.W94Hist.v3.html (661 words)

	Glossary of Terms: Po
		Positivism refers to those tendencies in philosophy, particularly epistemology, which place science, especially natural science, in pride of place, adopting the methods of science as a model for all theoretical and practical activity.
		Positivism is generally understood as having three distinct stages, associated with the name of Auguste Comte, Ernst Mach and finally Carnap, the Vienna Circle and Logical Positivism.
		There is no doubt that the second positivism and the scientists who were influenced by it, gained important insights by giving more weight to the subjective point of view, as opposed to the one-sided, or “mechanical” materialism of earlier natural science.
	www.marxists.org /glossary/terms/p/o.htm (7577 words)

	Jedlicki: Ludwik Hass
		[1] This would have been sufficient to have cost him his life when the Russians entered Poland in 1939, but owing to an administrative error, he was mistaken for his father and given eight years imprisonment plus ‘free exile’ in Russia for life, a standard sentence given by the occupation authorities to politically inconvenient persons.
		However, he was much more interested in the massacre of the Ukrainians by the Poles – for he was chiefly interested in Poland and did not want to see it as an oppressor of other nations or a camp for forcibly resettled people.
		Resettlement resulted from the acquisition by the USSR of territories in Eastern Poland, and the acquisition by Poland of lands previously in eastern Germany, part of the general Potsdam settlement.
	www.marxists.org /history/etol/revhist/backiss/vol3/no1/polehass.html (3228 words)

	Part I: to 1914 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Poland receives the most space not only because it is the compiler's primary interest, but also because it enjoys more English language studies than any other country in the whole region.
		Poland, Ukraine and the Cossacks in the 17th century.
		Poland, Czechoslovakia and Hungary, and this region is emphasized in the selection.
	raven.cc.ku.edu /~eceurope/hist557/bibpt1rev.htm (4432 words)

	Herbert Spencer [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		Today, however, he is usually remembered in philosophical circles for his political thought, primarily for his defense of natural rights and for criticisms of utilitarian positivism, and his views have been invoked by 'libertarian' thinkers such as Robert Nozick.
		Spencer's method is, broadly speaking, scientific and empirical, and it was influenced significantly by the positivism of Auguste Comte.
		Because of the empirical character of scientific knowledge and because of his conviction that that which is known--biological life--is in a process of evolution, Spencer held that knowledge is subject to change.
	www.iep.utm.edu /s/spencer.htm (3489 words)

	Conrad Poland Polonya
		Until 1884 its main interests were geography and travelling, while in the next five years its character changed meaningfully, as it became a significant social and cultural voice which, propagating naturalism, created contemporary views on literature and art.
		It proclaimed ideas of positivism and hence supported the need for the development of industry and anti-clericalism, while being strongly opposed to conservatism in both social and artistic fields.
		The reasons standing behind his decision to leave Poland will never be entirely clear, but I believe that the journal may be seen as one of the decisive factors.
	www.polonya.org.tr /sec3-art-conrad.htm (2489 words)

	Polish Bibliography of Bibliography
		Please note that although each subsequent edition is based on the previous one and introduces new material, there were some items listed in the 1921 edition that were omitted in the subsequent printings.
		Both Polish and foreign authors published in Poland and abroad are represented.
		Literature of Positivism and Young Poland (Literatura Pozytywizmu i Mlodej Polski).
	www.library.uiuc.edu /spx/class/Bibliographies/Poland/polbob.htm (2553 words)

	DIAGRAM :: Matt Dube on Marie Curie
		It is the earliest sections, though, that I found the most thrilling, the richest in incident and adventure: the story of the child prodigy overlooked by her Polish family who expected nothing less than excellence, the story of Marie's passionate love for Poland, a love suppressed by the Russian authorities.
		It was the same love of country that led Marie to tutor illiterate village children between the lessons she delivered as a governess, and to take part in the "Flying University," an underground system of post-secondary education.
		Both impulses grew from a Polish version of Comptean positivism which claimed Poland would rise again when Her people were too educated to be repressed.
	thediagram.com /5_1/rev_curie.html (2801 words)

	Poland
		He had lived on the Eastern borders of Poland, where Jews tended to be assimilated into the prevailing Russian culture rather than the Polish one.
		However, he was much more interested in the massacre of the Ukrainians by the Poles - for he was chiefly interested in Poland and did not want to see it as an oppressor of other nations or a camp for forcibly resettled people.
		It is an illustration of Hass' better understanding of the current situation that, probably as a result of what he had seen in Russia, he was able to forsee this crisis of theory and the rise of political `positivism'.
	www.revolutionary-history.co.uk /backiss/Vol3/No1/Polehass.html (3083 words)

	Lvov-Warsaw School
		Twardowski appeared in Lvov with the ambitious plan of creating a scientific philosophy (in Brentano's spirit) in Poland (at that time, Poland was partitioned between Austro-Hungary, Germany and Russia; Lvov belonged to the Austro-Hungarian Empire.) In fact, he subordinated all his activities to achieving this task and considerably limited his own scientific work.
		Poland recovered its independence in 1918 and Polish scholars began to build national academic life.
		In Poland mathematical logic was considered to be an autonomous science, not a part of mathematics or philosophy.
	www.science.uva.nl /~seop/archives/sum2004/entries/lvov-warsaw (7415 words)

	NEJS 168a History and Culture of the Jews in East-Central Europe to 1914
		The partitions of Poland at the end of the eighteenth century and again, with slightly different borders in 1815 divided Polish Jewry between the Tsarist, Habsburg and Prussian states.
		Four distinct communities emerged in Prussian Poland, in Austrian Galicia, in the Kingdom of Poland, which was granted restricted autonomy and linked dynastically with the Tsarist Empire and in the lands directly incorporated into that empire.
		A minority of Polish Jews, in Galicia (Austrian Poland) and in the Kingdom of Poland (whose autonomy, established at the Congress of Vienna, was largely done away with in the course of the nineteenth century), had accepted the assimilationist dream and were fairly well-integrated into Polish society.
	www.h-net.msu.edu /~judaic/syllabi/syllabi/eeto1914.htm (3331 words)

	History 353 Y - Class Schedule
		Andrzej Kaminski, "The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and its Citizens: Was the Commonwealth a Stepmother for Cossacks and Ruthenians?", in Poland and Ukraine.
		Poland in the Napoleonic Era and the Congress of Vienna
		Artur Eisenbach, The Emancipation of the Jews in Poland, 1780-1870 (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1991), ch.
	www.chass.utoronto.ca /~eplach/his353y/class_outline.htm (3740 words)

	Family History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The primary resource that Poland had according to the Positivists was its children.
		In one letter from Bronislawa to her son, she tells him that she will love him more if he does well in school and be ashamed of him if he doesn't.
		Besides instilling pride in her ancestral heritage, Polish Positivism - the belief that educational enlightenment was the only way to cause real social progress - continued to influence Marie Curie for the rest of her life.
	members.aol.com /womenstudy/Shelves/Books/Curie/family.htm (643 words)

	Young Poland movement -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The Young Poland movement united several different groups and tendencies in opposition to the Polish version of Positivism and in a desire to reinstate imagination as paramount in literature; hence, the movement is also known as Neoromanticism, Modernism, and Symbolism.
		Poland regained statehood in 1918, and a divided trade-union movement united.
		German trade unions had organized Silesian workers in the western part of German Poland, and in Russian Poland, as in Russia, unions were illegal.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9078076?tocId=9078076 (792 words)

	kuharski.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Their creative lives overlapped in interwar Poland, but were lived for the most part in isolation from each other.
		It is Kantor who worked in the theater, who survived the war, who remained in Poland, and who served as the post -war mid-wife for the long delayed theatrical arrival of the triumvirate of Witkacy-Schulz-Gombrowicz.
		As a theatrical phenomenon, the "impossible" avant -garde is still in process and therefore its outlines remain somewhat vague, but it already seems destined to become one of the defining features of the modern Polish theater and one increasingly influential abroad.
	www-personal.engin.umich.edu /~zbigniew/Periphery/No2/kuharski.html (2559 words)

	Table of contents for Library of Congress control number 97044352
		Polish identity 1795-1944: from romanticism to positivism to ethno-nationalism 3.
		Poland after World War II: native conservatism and the return to Central Europe 4.
		Polish foreign policy in perspective: a new encounter with positivism 5.
	www.loc.gov /catdir/toc/cam022/97044352.html (162 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)