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Topic: Post mortem interval

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	Forensic Pathology Section : University of Leicester
		A study of the effect of body temperature at the moment of death on the postmortem brain, liver and rectal cooling in 117 forensic cases Forensic Science International 2002; 125: 231-236.
		Post-mortem interval by microwave thermography; Conference on Uses of Forensic Sciences, April 1986, Glasgow.
		New approach for the estimation of the post-mortem interval, Postgraduate Course for the Diploma of Forensic Medicine, Glasgow.
	www.le.ac.uk /cm/fp/pubslaa6.html (1398 words)

	AcademicDB - Medico-legal Problems of establishing the Time of Death
		A recurring problem in forensic medicine is the need to fix the time of death within the limits of probability, the longer the interval of time between death and the examination of the body, the wider will be the limits of probability.
		The longer the post mortem interval, the more likely it is that associated or environmental evidence will furnish more reliable data on which to estimate the time of death than will anatomical changes.
		The post mortem interval (the time elapsed from death until discovery and medical examination of the body) may be preceded by a significant survival period (the time...
	www.academicdb.com /medico-legal_problems_establishing_time_death_16477 (280 words)

	The redistribution of selected psychiatric drugs in post-mortem cases.
		There was no significant correlation of the post-mortem interval, the liver concentration and content of drugs in the gastric contents to the heart:femoral blood concentration ratio.
		These data serve to demonstrate that variable increases in blood concentration occur post-mortem and limit the interpretative value of such toxicological data.
		It will not be displayed in your post or used in any other way.
	counsellingresource.com /medications-research/2006/03/25/the-redistribution-of-selected-psychiatric-drugs-in-post-mortem-cases (364 words)

	Forensic Entomology Seminar (2/18/98) This seminar was organized by Dr
		The progress of arthropods invading a corpse is reasonably predictable and has great importance in criminal investigations, where the presence or absence of particular arthropod families can be instrumental in determining the post-mortem interval.
		This group includes the Diptera and Coleoptera, and it is these organisms and their age which are instrumental in determining the post-mortem interval.
		Since each arthropod arrives at the cadaver to fulfill its particular ecological niche, most authors have considered it appropriate and convenient to associate particular groups of arthropods with different visible stages of cadaver decomposition, each stage representing a different environment with characteristic food resources.
	www.ferris.edu /htmls/academics/course.offerings/physbo/biology/watson/mock/For-success.htm (1409 words)

	Information about forensic-entomology
		Muscular rigidity and other physiological changes used for post-mortem interval estimation, like body cooling, mechanical excitability of skeleton muscle or chemical excitability of the iris are only useful in the early post-mortem period.
		Under favourable climatic conditions within the first hours after death the female blowflies lay eggs on the fresh corpse, choosing wounds or moist areas such as the natural openings of the body.
		Successive waves of eggs are laid, producing continually new generations of maggots as the post-mortem interval progresses.
	www.univie.ac.at /forensic-entomology/information.htm (1598 words)

	WKU Anth 300 Lab 8 Time Since Death
		The use of insect species and insect life cycles associated with a cadaver is the purview of forensic entomologists, while the use of plants in estimating post-mortem interval is the forte of forensic botanists.
		Therefore, post-mortem intervals are estimates that are expressed as ranges, such as 6-12 hours, two-three days, or one-three months.
		Using the data tables in Byers and Myster's lab manual (2005:78-79), determine the stage of decomposition and estimate the postmortem interval for each set of remains assuming the remains were recovered from surface contexts in a warm/moist environment, a hot/dry environment, and a cold environment.
	www.wku.edu /~darlene.applegate/forensic/lab8/lab8.html (1174 words)

	Expert: Body dumped after defendant fell under suspicion (SO WHO DUMPED DANIELLE VAN DAM'S BODY??)
		Witnesses also testified that fibers wrapped around the victim's necklace matched fibers found in Westerfield's bedding and laundry, and an expert said two fingerprints found on a cabinet in his motor home were left by her.
		I sort of get a kick out of the fact that Dooooooofus wanted to talk a lot about the extraordinary circumstances for the bugs last February and how that may make the findings suspicious, but thinks the van Dams and their extraordinary circumstances are not worth a thorough look.
		All materials posted herein are protected by copyright law and the exemption for fair use of copyrighted works.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/news/714420/posts (6089 words)

	Post mortem interval - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Post mortem interval (PMI) is the time that has elapsed since a person has died.
		If the time in question is not known, a number of medical/scientific techniques are used to determine it.
		Some of those that can be used to determine the post mortem interval are:
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Post_mortem_interval (110 words)

	Cadaver Scent Project
		We want to begin to learn, understand, and document the minimum post mortem time interval for which our dogs can perceive the difference between live and dead scent.
		We want to know the minimum interval at which our dogs can classify a scent as dead, as opposed to live, and when that classification is distinct enough that the dog is moved to perform the trained alert.
		However, the post-mortem interval for which we received a consistently correct response from all dogs involved is 2.5 - 3 hours.
	www.csst.org /cadaver_scent.html (927 words)

	Post-mortem interval and nitrobenzodiazepines concentrations
		The effect of the postmortem interval on the concentration of nitrobenzodiazepines
		This thesis describes a series of toxicological studies which were aimed at understanding the processes which change the concentration of nitrobenzodiazepines in postmortem specimens.
		These studies contribute to our understanding of the interpretation of toxicological data relating to the nitrobenzodiazepines particularly and drugs in general.
	www.vifm.org /ss_gov_pmintervals.html (253 words)

	Forensic Entomology \| ENTOMOLOGY AT DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE WESTERN AUSTRALIA
		It is an extension of the diagram created by the late E. Paul Catts in Entomology and Death: A Procedural Guide.
		Beetle larvae are also helpful when determining post-mortem time interval.
		Other insects such as wasps and ants that are present on the corpse should also be collected.
	agspsrv34.agric.wa.gov.au /ento/forensic.htm (969 words)

	Alzforum: Live Discussion
		Questions and comments may be posted on the journal club newsgroup.
		Question 1) After a post-mortem interval of up to 16 hrs, the brain is dissected; 1mm blocks are minced out; cells are physically smeared onto an adhesive surface after trypsin treatment; immunocytochemistry is performed in which huge antibody proteins have access to the cell cytoplasm; and the cells are plucked away with a pipet.
		Response by Nienwen Chow: The maximum post-mortem interval for our tissues is 16 hours (average is 6 hrs.), and all of the brains we have taken worked.
	www.alzforum.org /res/for/journal/coleman (1875 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Assessment of the relationship between pre-chip and post-chip quality measures for ...
		Post-mortem interval was negatively correlated with these variables.
		A large set of post mortem brain samples (N = 134) that had previously been included in an analysis of gene expression using Human Genome U133A arrays (Affymetrix) were included in the current study (Table 9) [6].
		Each of the pre- and post- chip variables were adjusted by "brain region" in order to remove the effect of the latter, using the univariate general linear modelling technique where the "brain region" variable was fitted as a fixed effect.
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2105/7/211 (8408 words)

	Forensic Entomology: Arthropods and Corpses. Forensic Path Rev Vol II:207-240
		Determination of colonization intervals of corpses ("post mortem interval") has been the major topic of forensic entomologists since the 19th century.
		The major advantage against the standard methods for determination of early post mortem interval (by use of body temperature, body stiffness, post mortem lividities, chemical and electrical tests) is that arthropods can be an accurate measure even after the traditional methods fail, i.e., after approximately four to five days p.m..
		Therefore, this article deals with the broad range of possible applications of forensic entomology, including case examples and practical hints that relate to historical applications, DNA typing, blood spatter artifacts, estimation of post mortem interval (PMI), cases of neglect, and toxicology aided by arthropods as an investigative and criminalistic tool.
	www.benecke.com /arthropodsandcorpses.html (782 words)

	Van Dam Case Witness Challenges Findings Of Defense 'Bug Expert': But...His Testimony Don't Add Up..
		An orange acrylic fiber was abundant in defendant David Westerfield's home, but showed up only once on the victim, 7-year-old Danielle van Dam— wrapped between the links of a necklace that was still on her neck when she was found.
		The witness told the court that it matched 20 to 30 fibers found in Westerfield's washer, 50 to 100 found on top of the washer, another 50 to 100 in his laundry, and 10 to 20 found in the bedding in his master bedroom.
		Blue-gray fibers found in greater number on the victim also matched fibers found in Westerfield's home, she said, noting that the evidence was indeed more conclusive when taken as a whole.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/chat/724909/posts (3764 words)

	Chatham College Natural and Physical Sciences Division (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-07-08)
		Determination of the post-mortem interval by chemical/biochemical methods: Students will use laboratory mice as their models to design methods for determining the postmortem interval.
		The interval range that we will be evaluating will be from 2 days to 2 weeks.
		My research is concerned with the development and application of kinetic theories that accurately describe the transport and reaction-rate coefficients of ions in gases and with developing and testing ion-neutral interaction potentials.
	www.chatham.edu /exchange/departments/sciences/research.cfm (1272 words)

	Synaptophysin gene expression in human brain: a quantitative in situ hybridization and immunocytochemical study.
		We have studied synaptophysin messenger RNA in the neocortex, hippocampus and cerebellum using in situ hybridization histochemistry to see if the encoding transcript can be detected in post mortem human brain and to investigate factors which might influence its abundance.
		Synaptophysin messenger RNA declined with increasing age and prolonged post mortem interval.
		These data show that quantitative detection of synaptophysin messenger RNA as well as synaptophysin itself can reliably be carried out in post mortem human brain sections.
	www.arclab.org /medlineupdates/abstract_8058126.html (333 words)

	Fathom :: The Source for Online Learning
		Although insect evidence may be of little use in determining the post mortem interval in many burial cases, it may be of value in explaining what happened to the body before burial, for example, for how long it was exposed above ground.
		Although much is already known about the life cycle of the blowfly, there is considerable scope for future morphological, biochemical and molecular research to improve identification and refine estimates of the post mortem interval.
		Areas for investigation include details of the influence of corpse location and covering on fly access, the influence of diurnal cycles of light and dark and of temperatures on fly and maggot activity, and ways in which the metabolic activity of a mass of maggots raises temperatures and affects their development.
	www.fathom.com /feature/122347 (1617 words)

	Dentchev, Mol Vis 2003; 9:184-190.
		The goal of this study was to characterize the distribution and frequency of Aβ deposits in drusen from AMD and normal post mortem human retinas to gain additional insight about the potential role of Aβ in AMD pathogenesis.
		Approval for research on human post mortem donor eyes was obtained from the University of Pennsylvania.
		Five sections from each retina spaced at approximately 400 μm intervals were labeled with monoclonal anti-Aβ antibodies 4G8 and 6E10 (Chemicon, Temecula, CA; 1:1000) and polyclonal antibody pAb 2332 that recognizes multiple species of human Aβ as described by Uryu et al.
	www.molvis.org /molvis/v9/a27 (2304 words)

	IngentaConnect Anesthesia and post-mortem interval profoundly influence the regu... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-07-08)
		IngentaConnect Anesthesia and post-mortem interval profoundly influence the regu...
		Anesthesia and post-mortem interval profoundly influence the regulatory serine phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 in mouse brain
		Thus, studies of the phosphorylation state of GSK3 in brain, and perhaps in other tissues, need to take into account post-mortem changes and the effects of anesthetics and there is a direct correlation between anesthesia and high levels of serine-phosphorylated GSK3.
	www.ingentaconnect.com /content/bsc/jnc/2005/00000092/00000003/art00026 (260 words)

	Gender-Specific Gene Expression in Post-Mortem Human Brain: Localization to Sex Chromosomes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-07-08)
		A total of 20 brains were obtained at autopsy from the Orange County Coroner's Office through the Brain Donor Program at the University of California, Irvine, Department of Psychiatry (for a description of handling and processing the brains, see Jones et al, 1992).
		For the microarray and TaqMan assay, 10 subjects (five males and five females) were group matched on the basis of age, brain pH, and interval between death and freezing the brain.
		The cause of death, the incidence of smoking, and drug abuse were similar between groups (Table 1, upper half).
	www.nature.com /npp/journal/v29/n2/full/1300337a.html (8338 words)

	The Journal of Czecho-Slovak Forensic Medicine 2001
		The first tissue excisions were immersed into 10% formol after a post-mortem interval of 24 hours.
		The remaining tissue slices were subjected to autolysis at room temperature and gradually immersed into formol after 24-hour intervals, the longest post-mortem interval being 168 hours, i.e.
		In the group of 6 subjects who died after a craniocerebral injury in 4 instances axonal lesions were detected, i.e.
	www.nemcb.cz /soudni/a2001.html (2798 words)

	1992 GSA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-07-08)
		The amount of hard part deterioration that has occurred at any give post-mortem interval can be examined by repetition of these procedures.
		Both the mode of breakage and the change in the strength of the various components of the preservable hard parts of organisms can be observed.
		Using multiple tensometer arrangements shells of the modern articulate brachiopod Terebratalia transversa have been tested for the strengths of both the hinging mechanisms and of the disarticulated valves for post-mortem intervals ranging from one to twelve days.
	filebox.vt.edu /users/gdaley/gmdtereab.html (128 words)

	Forensic Entomology, Books, Entomology and Death, CSI, Insects and Death Investigations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-07-08)
		The sequence of events from egg deposition to complete fly development is temperature dependent and highly predictable for a given geographical area.
		This is the essence of forensic entomology -- using the developmental sequence of insects, usually flies, to deduce when death occurred and hence who might be responsible.
		While homicide investigations get the most attention other areas where insect evidence is important are food product tampering, medical myiasis (maggot infestation of living tissue) cases, and product liability involving insect comtamination or damage.
	www.livingwithbugs.com /forensic.html (420 words)

	King's ePrints - Assessment of the relationship between pre-chip and post-chip quality measures for Affymetrix GeneChip ...
		Background Gene expression microarray experiments are expensive to conduct and guidelines for acceptable quality control at intermediate steps before and after the samples are hybridised to chips are vague.
		The strongest (CANCOR 0.838, p < 0.0001) correlated RNA integrity and yield with post chip quality control (QC) measures indexing 3/5 RNA ratios, bias or scaling of the chip and scaling of the variability of the signal across the chip.
		We also found that the RNA intergrity number (RIN) could be moderately well predicted by post-chip measures B_ACTIN35, GAPDH35 and SF. Conclusions We have found that the post-chip variables having the strongest association with quantities measurable before hybridisation are those reflecting RNA integrity.
	eprints.kcl.ac.uk /archive/00000084 (306 words)

	WPIC Research Day: Poster Presentations
		Serial blood samples were obtained at baseline and 45, 15, and 5 minutes prior to shock and then at 3, 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 minutes post shock for the purpose of measuring OT and AVP.
		In contrast, AVP release was consistently observed immediately post shock (at approximately 78 minutes) and increases ranged between 2- and 20-fold.
		In some individuals, it appeared the rise in plasma OT is associated with psychogenic or anticipatory stress, whereas VP release consistently occurred post shock and was most likely associated with the physical component of this stressor.
	www.wpic.pitt.edu /research/ResearchDay05/PosterPresentations.htm (9661 words)

	Research - Department of Forensic & Investigative Science - UClan
		Another area of research concerns the development of a biochemical assay of calpain activity, to facilitate post mortem interval estimation in animal species, coupled with protein modeling of calpain structure.
		The project is one of several that make use of the Department’s bioinformatics software, and which are engaged in protein modeling.
		The Department’s research staff presently therefore stands at two research fellows (one full time, one 0.2 post), one part time MD student, 15 PhD students and 4 MRes students.
	www.uclan.ac.uk /facs/science/forensic/research/index.htm (370 words)

	[No title]
		Using ANN on K+, NH4+, Na+, and Ba+2 in vitreous humour by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), substantial improvement in the prediction of post mortem interval (PMI) has been recently reported by us.
		In addition to CZE analysis data, the influence of other controversial parameters on PMI, which contain uncertainty or are based on judgement, such as environmental temperature or time of agony, was investigated.
		Standard deviation in PMI prediction equal to (1.4 hrs was reached.
	www.tiaft.org /tiaft2001/posters/p56.doc (217 words)

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