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Topic: Posterior column pathway

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Medial lemniscus

Alternating hemiplegia

	Posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway (called the dorsal column in non-humans) is the sensory pathway responsible for transmitting discriminative sensation from the skin to the thalamus, and on to the cerebral cortex.
		The name comes from the two structures that the sensation travels up: the posterior (or dorsal) columns of the spinal cord, and the medial lemniscus in the brainstem.
		For example in the columns, lower limb was medial, upper limb was more lateral.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Posterior_column-medial_lemniscus_pathway (486 words)

	The Oxford Handbook of Sports Medicine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Nerve fibres in the posterior columns of white matter are essentially travelling cephalward and are uncrossed until higher in the central nervous system carrying sensory modalities for proprioception, vibration, some touch and appreciation of moderate degrees of temperature variation.
		Anteriorly to the pain pathway is the main pathway for temperature and further anteriorly again is the pathway for touch.
		The stable spinal column is maintained with a cervical lordotic curve, a thoracic kyphotic curve and a lumbar lordotic curve.
	www.worldortho.com /oxsportsmed/chapt7.html (1430 words)

	Corticospinal tract - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The arm and hand motor area is the largest and occupies the part of precentral gyrus, located inbetween the leg and face area.
		The lower motor neuron axons leave the brain stem via motor cranial nerves and the spinal cord via anterior roots of the spinal nerves respectivelly, end-up at the neuromuscular plate and provide motor innervation for voluntary muscles.
		These are motor pathways that lie outside the corticospinal tract and are beyond voluntary control.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Corticospinal_tract (530 words)

	Posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The action potential travels up an (Long nerve fiber that conducts away from the cell body of the neuron) axon (the cell body of the (A cell that is specialized to conduct nerve impulses) neuron will be in a (Click link for more info and facts about dorsal root ganglion) dorsal root ganglion).
		For example in the columns, (Click link for more info and facts about lower limb) lower limb was medial, (Click link for more info and facts about upper limb) upper limb was more lateral.
		The axons travel up the rest of the brainstem, and synapse at the (Large egg-shaped structures of gray matter that form the dorsal subdivision of the diencephalon) thalamus (at the ventral posterolateral nucleus).
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/p/po/posterior_column-medial_lemniscus_pathway.htm (517 words)

	Encyclopedia: Corticospinal tract (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The spinal cord is a part of the vertebrate nervous system that is enclosed in and protected by the vertebral column (it passes through the spinal canal).
		There is a precise somatotopic representation of the different body parts in the primary motor cortex, with the leg area located medially (close to the midline), and the head and face area located laterally on the convex side of the cerebral hemisphere (motor homunculus).
		The spinothalamic tract is the sensory pathway in the body that transmits pain, temperature, itch and crude touch.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Corticospinal-tract (1301 words)

	Posterior column pathway (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway (called the dorsal column in non-humans) isthe sensory pathway responsible for transmitting discriminative sensationfrom the skin to the thalamus, and on to the cerebral cortex.
		The name comes from the two structures that the sensation travels up: the posterior (or dorsal) columns of the spinal cord, and the mediallemniscus in the brainstem.
		Forexample in the columns, lower limb was medial, upper limb was more lateral.
	www.therfcc.org /posterior-column-pathway-305601.html (443 words)

	Chapter 15 - Integrative Functions
		Posterior column pathway: Note that a sensory pathway known as the posterior column pathway delivers sensations of highly localized ("fine") touch, pressure, vibration and proprioception to the primary sensory cortex of the cerebral hemispheres.
		Pathways begin in the precentral gyrus of the cerebral cortex.
		Extrapyramidal System: Note that a pathway known as the extrapyramidal system sends motor signals from the cerebrum, diencephalon and brain stem that are of a subconscious nature (like postural control, or swinging the arms while walking).
	inside.msj.edu /academics/faculty/murraye/chapter15-martini.htm (745 words)

	Lecture Notes: CNS Pathways - Revised 9/18/00
		This link illustrates the simplest form of an ascending sensory pathway from the sensory nerve ending to the cerebral cortex.
		B. the pathway is ipsilateral in the spinal cord and contralateral in the brainstem
		This link illustrates the simplest form of a descending motor pathway from the cerebral cortex to the spinal cord.
	www.fiu.edu /~condon/pathway.htm (948 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Pathway runs ipsilaterally in the spinal cord in the dorsal columns.
		Synapses with dorsal column nuclei and then crosses over (decussates) in the medial lemniscus prior to synapsing with the ventral posterior thalamus.
		The first is known as the spinothalamic system (responsible for info about sharp pain-- goes to ventral posterior lateral and posterior nuclei of thalamus and then to SI and SII of somatosensory cortex).
	soma.npa.uiuc.edu /labs/greenough/statements/rswain/tech/lect4.html (1898 words)

	BioMed Central \| Abstract \| The Role of the Dorsal Column Pathway in Visceral Nociception (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Animal experiments demonstrate a visceral nociceptive pathway in the posterior column that is more effective than the spinothalamic tract in activating thalamic neurons, eliciting behavioral responses and triggering increases in regional cerebral blood flow.
		This visceral nociceptive pathway involves postsynaptic dorsal column neurons in the central, visceral processing region of the spinal cord.
		Axons from the sacral cord ascend near the midline and from the thoracic cord at the junction of the gracile and cuneate fasciculi.
	www.biomedcentral.com /1531-3433/5/20/abstract (177 words)

	[No title]
		external anatomy of spinal cord a) posterior median sulcus b) anterior median fissure c) cervical and lumbar enlargements d) conus medullaris, cauda equina, filum terminale e) spinal nerves 1) dorsal root and dorsal root ganglion 2) ventral root 3.
		internal anatomy of the spinal cord a) gray matter: horns b) white matter: columns and tracts 4.
		sensory pathways: ascending tracts a) posterior column pathway b) anterolateral spinothalamic pathway c) spinocerebellar pathway B. Motor pathways: descending tracts 1.
	rmoskowitz.tripod.com /109OUTLINE.html (1670 words)

	lesson13e
		This pathway begins at the peripheral receptor and ends at the primary sensory cortex.
		The axons of the first-order sensory neurons enter the spinal cord and synapse on second-order neurons within the posterior gray horns.
		The axons of the second-order neurons cross to the opposite side of the spinal cord and ascend within the anterior or lateral spinothalamic tracts.
	dtc.pima.edu /~biology/201alpha/lesson13/lesson13e.htm (656 words)

	ANP Ch 1 & 2 Outlines (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Somatic motor pathways involve at least 2 motor neurons: Upper (from brain) and lower (originates in brain stem or ventral horns of spinal cord).
		>>>Upper neurons synapse both with the upper neurons of the corticospinal pathway and with the lower neurons of the corticospinal pathway (so, the lower neurons are the same for corticospinal, medial and lateral pathways; the medial and lateral pathways make adjustments to the basic commands of the corticospinal pathway).
		This is new info: input from the cerebellum reduces the number of motor units activated for a particular movement, so that the fewest motor units needed are used, and the movement is smooth and not overdone.
	northonline.sccd.ctc.edu /tstilson/ANP%20Ch%2015%20Outline.html (1450 words)

	Chapter 15 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		To accomplish the primary functions of the nervous system there are neural pathways to transmit impulses from receptors to the circuitry of the brain, which manipulates the circuitry to form directives that are transmitted via neural pathways to effectors as a response.
		The pathways consist of first-order, second-order, and third-order neurons.
		The posterior columns are damaged by B-12 deficiency.
	spot.pcc.edu /~mwalters/bi232/15SensMotor.htm (2246 words)

	BIO 2870 - Lecture 11
		A sensory receptor ascends sensory pathway (afferent division), through the medulla and the thalamus before reaching the cerebral cortex for final processing.
		A number of sensory and motor pathways have been discovered and some of their examples are shown in Table 9-3.
		Pay spatial attention to the posterior column pathway, which is described in Fig.
	bio.wayne.edu /bio2870/lec11.html (855 words)

	somatosensory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		A. dorsal column pathway: large diameter axons serving muscle spindles, joint afferents, and light touch terminate in bottom portion of dorsal horn
		pathway through posterior nucleus and intralaminar nucleus to association areas of cortex probably mediate slow burning pain.
		A. there are topographic maps in gracile and cuneate nuclei, in ventral posterior nuclei, and in S1.
	darkwing.uoregon.edu /~barbgl/psy445.W01/lectures/somatosensory.htm (420 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		When light touch skin receptors are stimulated, the primary sensory neuron carries the information to the spinal cord via the spinal nerve and dorsal or posterior root into the dorsal horn of the cord.
		It synapses in the dorsal horn on the secondary sensory neuron which immediately crosses the midline of the central nervous system and enters the ventral white matter.
		A second synapse in this pathway occurs in the thalamus and the tertiary sensory neuron then relays the information regarding light touch on to the cerebral cortex for perceptual purposes.
	www.uwm.edu /~tking/king3_6.htm (253 words)

	Development: Child (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		growth of the posterior third of the tongue into the pharynx
		change in the shape of the oropharyngeal airway from a short, fairly linear pathway into a larger, more angulated one.
		posterior dimension grows to a greater extent than the lateral and anterior dimensions
	sprojects.mmi.mcgill.ca /Larynx/notes/deve/ndchild.htm (180 words)

	fine touch and proprioception pathways from the limbs - General Practice Notebook
		There is an orientation within the posterior columns; those fibres originating in the lower part of the cord ascend medially.
		The fibres relay in the medulla - in the nucleus gracilis (fibres from below the mid-thoracic region) and cuneatus (fibres from above this point) - and cross the midline to continue as the medial lemniscus to the thalamus.
		Tertiary fibres travel via the posterior limb of the internal capsule to the sensory cortices' post-central gyrus.
	www.gpnotebook.co.uk /medwebpage.cfm?ID=-1912209358 (934 words)

	apch15
		B. somatosensory pathways: 2 pairs of spinal tracts each
		posterior column pathway: carries conscious sensations of fine touch, pressure, vibration and proprioceptive sensations, from receptor to cerebrum
		spinothalamic pathway: carries poorly localized sensations of crude touch and pressure, pain and temperature
	www.cs.ndsu.nodak.edu /~revie/notes/bio131/apch15.htm (577 words)

	Anatomy: Brain III Hangman
		The cranial nerve that has the most effect on maintaining life, cranial nerve X, is known as the ____________________ nerve.
		The posterior column pathway carries the sensations of
		The anterior spinothalamic pathway carries the sensations of
	www.studystack.com /java-studysta/Games.jsp?studyStackId=16274 (689 words)

	References
		Pelvic visceral input into the nucleus gracilis is largely mediated by the postsynaptic dorsal column pathway.
		Epigastric antinociception by cervical dorsal column lesions in rats.
		Three posterior percutaneous celiac plexus block techniques: a prospective randomized study in 61 patients with pancreatic cancer pain.
	www.medscape.com /content/2000/00/40/89/408972/408972_ref.html (957 words)

	Spinal Nerve Lecture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		- larger branch - posterior (dorsal) ramus - innervates the muscles, joints, and skin of the back along the vertebral column
		posterior cord (shoulder, posterior surface of arm, forearm and hand)
		SENSORY posterior-lateral side of brachium, posterior side of forearm (not posterior-lateral as in text p.
	webpages.marshall.edu /~hurlburt/spinerv.html (757 words)

	sensory pathways - General Practice Notebook (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Sensory innervation of the limbs may be considered to be divided into two pathways:
		the posterior column pathway which mediates fine touch and proprioception
		Sensory innervation of the face is described separately.
	www.gpnotebook.co.uk /static/288686094.htm (97 words)

	Spinal Cord Structure
		Deep anterior median fissure and less deep posterior median sulcus
		Posterior gray horns contain somatic and visceral sensory nuclei
		Second-order interneurons traveling in the posterior tract cross-over in the spinal cord and go to the cerebellum
	www.mtsu.edu /~jshardo/bly2010/nervous/spinalcord.html (541 words)

	Neuroexam.com - Cortical Sensation, Including Extinction
		Note that graphesthesia, stereognosis, and extinction cannot reliably be tested for unless primary sensation is intact bilaterally.
		Somatosensory deficits can be caused by lesions in peripheral nerves, nerve roots, the posterior columns or anterolateral sensory systems in the spinal cord or brainstem, the thalamus, or sensory cortex.
		Recall that position and vibration sense ascend in the posterior column pathway and cross over in the medulla, while pain and temperature sense cross over shortly after entering the spinal cord and then ascend in the anterolateral pathway (see Neuroanatomy through Clinical Cases, Figures 2.13, 2.18 and 2.19).
	www.neuroexam.com /41.html (315 words)

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