Posterior segment - Factbites

Posterior segment - Factbites
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Topic: Posterior segment

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In the News (Tue 29 Dec 09)

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Hugh Jackman

	LONI LONI Resource Resources Protocols Segmentation Ventricles
		The medial and lateral segments of the posterior horn should continue in the directions of the medial and lateral segments of the superior horn.
		For the inferior horn, superior and inferior segments are traced from medially to laterally.
		The lateral segment of the superior horn should be traced beginning at the termination point of the medial segment.
	www.loni.ucla.edu /NCRR/Protocols/Segmentation_1.html (336 words)

	Otoplasty_1994.txt
		A posterior auricular segment of skin is excised and the concha is dissected anteriorly.
		The ears should be manually manipulated to a medialized position to determine the consistency of the cartilaginous framework, redundancy of skin in the posterior auricular sulcus, and the desired alteration of the individual ear components.
		The posterior incision is then closed causing a retraction and posterior reflection of the auricle.
	www.utmb.edu /oto/Grand_Rounds_Earlier.dir/Otoplasty_1994.txt (336 words)

	The Posterior Pituitary by Peter H. Baylis, Paul L. Padfield, New, Used Books, Cheap Prices, ISBN 0824773594
		Ocular Posterior Segment Imaging (By Thomas A. Ciulla)
		Posterior Cervical Spine Surgery (By William H. Dillin)
		The Posterior Pituitary by Peter H. Baylis, Paul L. Padfield, New, Used Books, Cheap Prices, ISBN 0824773594
	www.bookfinder4u.com /detail/0824773594.html (336 words)

	Acoustic Neuroma
		In a first step the portion of tumor localized in the posterior cranial fossa is resected by the neurosurgeon, the portion lying in the internal auditory canal being subsequently removed by the neurotologic surgeon.
		After removal of a cap of bone from the occipital squama, the dura mater is slit, the cerebellum retracted, and the neuroma identified in the posterior cranial fossa.
		When tumor growth is spreading from its origin in the internal auditory canal far into the posterior cranial fossa, the so-called suboccipital approach via the posterior cranial fossa is the recommended route.
	www.klinikumsolingen.de /kliniken/hno/english/an.html (1174 words)

	SOMATO
		The cell bodies are located medial aspects of the dorsal horn and their axons terminate in either the cuneate or gracile nucleus, depending on segment of origin.
		The central pathways associated with pain (nociceptive) and temperature are much more complex than the dorsal column medial lemniscus system.
		The pathway is primarily associated with low-threshold mechanosensation (fine touch) as well as proprioception.
	www2.umdnj.edu /~paneuweb/somato.htm (634 words)

	Eigner, P. & Foissner, W. 1994 Hypotrichida
		Anlage 1 of the proter is generated by the parental undulating membranes; anlage 2 by the buccal cirrus; anlage 3 by cirri left of the ACR; anlagen 4 and 5 by the posterior (left) segment of the ACR, or (anlage 5), possibly, de novo (Fig.
		The anterior portion of the rightmost anlage 5 forms the anterior segment of the ACR, whereas the posterior segment of the ACR is formed by all cirri of the second anlage (4) from right.
		The anterior segment is formed by anteriorly migrated cirri of the rightmost anlage 6; the posterior segment is formed by cirri from anlage 5.
	home.pages.at /ciliopho/Amphisiellidae.html (634 words)

	Interactive Fly, Drosophila
		Thus col appears to be specifically expressed in posterior cells of the intercalary segment (parasegment -1) and in anterior cells of the mandibular segment [the first pregnathal (in front of the mouth) segment], a region that possibly corresponds to parasegment 0 (Crozatier, 1996).
		Col is ventrally repressed by ems and the mesodermal genes sna and twi; by the trunk pair rule gene eve in the posterior, and by a yet unknown factor in the anterior.
		Because the anterior compartment cells of the hypopharyngeal lobe primordium are not separated by intervening hh- or en-expressing cells from the anterior mandibular segment, the hypopharyngeal lobe should be considered nominally part of the mandibular segment, although it appears to be defined independently at blastoderm stages, as judged by kn activation.
	www.sdbonline.org /fly/gene/collier4.htm (5328 words)

	Medial Lines Protocol
		It is easier to visualize it as the anterior segment of three that constitute a Y, with the remaining segments composed by the posterior calcarine (posterior segment of Y) and anterior calcarine (stem or inferior segment of Y).
		The precuneus is bordered by the marginal ramus of the cingulate sulcus anteriorally and the parieto-occipital sulcus posteriorally.
		The marginal ramus of the cingulate sulcus defines the posterior border of the paracentral lobule, a medial region of the cerebrum that spans from the precentral to postcentral gyrus.
	www.loni.ucla.edu /~esowell/edevel/MedialLinesProtocol.htm (3109 words)

	Checklist of the Collembola: Key to the species of Anurida
		Sensilla p3 on second and third thoracic segment level with or posterior to chaeta p4..........................
		9 Second and third thoracic segment in anterior position only one chaeta, either p2 or p3, or both of them level with or posterior to other p-chaeta..............................
		Second and third thoracic segment in front of p3-p4 with one chaeta of a-row, a4............................
	www.geocities.com /CapeCanaveral/lab/1300/key/anurida.htm (3109 words)

	eMedicine - Glottic Stenosis : Article by Debbie A Eaton, MD
		Relevant Anatomy: The glottic segment of the larynx is composed of the true vocal cords, the anterior and posterior commissures, and the vocal processes of the arytenoid cartilages.
		The posterior glottis consists of the posterior third of the vocal cords, the posterior commissure with the interarytenoid muscle, the cricoid lamina, the cricoarytenoid joints, the arytenoids, and the overlying mucosa.
		The anterior glottis is lined with squamous epithelium, while the posterior glottis shares respiratory epithelium with the subglottis.
	www.emedicine.com /ent/topic351.htm (3708 words)

	FBtr.astruc-val.xml
		transcripts are first detected in stage 11 embryos in the proctodeum and in within a cluster of cells in the posterior-lateral portion of the eighth abdominal segment.
		in situ [t] E [a] epidermis [of] embryonic maxillary segment [p] [t] E [a] proctodeum [p] [t] E [a] embryonic/larval hindgut [p] [t] E [a] anterior embryonic/larval midgut [p] [t] E [a] posterior embryonic/larval midgut [p] [t] E [a] embryonic abdominal segment 8
		Transcripts also accumulate in the hindgut and in the developing anterior and posterior midguts.
	bioinformatics.weizmann.ac.il /databases/flybase/docs/fbhelp/data-structure/FBtr.astruc-val.xml (245 words)

	Anatomy
		The anterior segment includes the right and left anterior cerebral arteries (ACA) joined by the very short anterior communicating artery (A-com), while the posterior segment includes right and left posterior communicating arteries (P-com) joined to respective posterior cerebral arteries (PCA).
		The first segment of each internal carotid artery (ICA) is a slightly dilated area called the carotid sinus, which performs an important function in the regulation of blood pressure.
		Cerebral circulation is directly supplied by four arteries, the right and left internal carotid arteries, and the right and left vertebral arteries (Fig.
	www.geocities.com /klmccor/anatomy.htm (245 words)

	Topographic-Specific Axon Branching Controlled by Ephrin-As Is the Critical Event in Retinotectal Map Development -- Yates et al. 21 (21): 8548 -- Journal of Neuroscience
		The ephrin-As can inhibit branching along the segment of the overshooting axons posterior to their correct TZ, but anterior to the correct TZ, the level of ephrin-A repellent signal experienced by the axon shaft would be below the threshold required to inhibit branching.
		TZ, the posterior extent of axon overshoot is decreased.
		Axons overshoot their topographically correct TZ (the predicted locations of the TZs are marked with black arrowheads), but the distribution of interstitial branches along the axon shafts (white arrowheads) is strongly biased for the location of the future TZ along the anterior (A)-posterior (P) tectal axis.
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/full/21/21/8548 (10657 words)

	Ear, Nose and Throat Journal: Embryology.(Phylogeny and embryology of the fac... @ HighBeam Research
		* the posterior auricular branch--which innervates the auricularis posterior, the cranially oriented muscles of the auricle, and the occipital muscles--communicates with the greater auricular nerve, the auricular branch of the vagus nerve, and the lesser occipital nerve (3)
		The segment of the anterior wall of the fallopian canal distal to the laterohyale is formed by Reichert's cartilage.
		When the embryo is between 10 and 18 mm in length, the deep layer of the second mesenchymal lamina differentiates into the posterior digastric complex (the stapedius muscle, the posterior belly of the digastric muscle, the digastric tendon, and the stylohyoid muscle).
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:110358638&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (3823 words)

	eMedicine - Glaucoma, Pigmentary : Article by Robert Ritch, MD
		In iris retraction syndrome, increased uveoscleral outflow facilitated by retinal pigment epithelium–assisted fluid absorption in the presence of a retinal break causes the pressure within the posterior segment and the posterior chamber to be less than that of the anterior chamber.
		Background: Pigment dispersion syndrome (PDS) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by disruption of the iris pigment epithelium (IPE) and deposition of pigment granules on the structures of the anterior segment.
		A correlation exists between the amount of pigment lost from the posterior surface of the iris, increased degree of pigmentation in the trabecular meshwork, and degree of dysfunction in the trabecular meshwork as evidenced by elevation of the IOP.
	www.emedicine.com /oph/topic136.htm (3823 words)

	Z-SAMPA - KutjaraWiki
		for nasal uvular posterior closure, etc. If no posterior closure is indicated, [k] is assumed, except in the case of the velar click, which can only have a uvular posterior closure.
		etc. (use the nasal at the same point of articulation as the primary segment) show nasalization, or prenasalization if placed before a segment.
		Similarly, although this is not quite so important, diacritics changing the place or manner of articulation of a sound should come before those indicating secondary modifications such as aspiration or palatalization.
	www.kutjara.com /wiki/index.php?title=Z-Sampa (1148 words)

	Segmentation in Drosophila: The maternal legacy
		Segment polarity genes- Within each segment either the anterior or posterior half is duplicated.
		Results from experimental manipulations of insect embryos in the 1960's and 1970's (localized irradiation, embryo ligations, cytoplasmic leakage, and cytoplasmic transplantation experiments) suggested that there were determinants localized in the cytoplasm at the anterior and posterior poles of the eggs which had long range effects on the fate of the entire embryo.
		At the time of cellularization there is no morphological evidence for segmentation or differentiation but cells at that stage are determined with respect to the segment they will form in the adult and in the larval fly.
	www.ucalgary.ca /UofC/eduweb/virtualembryo/D_m_segment_I.html (2496 words)

	Virtual Hospital: Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation: Opus II: Cardiovascular System: Circle of Willis, Usual and Unusual.
		The opposite, anterior cerebral segment of the circle, however, may be missing, in which case the contralateral internal carotid simply continues as the middle cerebral artery or may bifurcate into the posterior cerebral artery and the middle cerebral artery [C].
		One is the persistence of the fetal pattern of trifurcation in which all 3 of the ipsilateral major cerebral arteries arise from the internal carotid while the posterior cerebral segment of the circle continues, as in the early fetus, to be a small, threadlike, posterior communicating type of vessel [B].
		Aneurysms of the anterior communicating ar tery and gross anomalies of the circle of Willis.
	www.vh.org /adult/provider/anatomy/AnatomicVariants/Cardiovascular/Images0200/0291.html (2496 words)

	IngentaConnect Conservation and variation in Ubx expression among chelicerates
		In the scorpion Paruroctonus mesaensis, the anterior border of early expression of UbdA is in a few cells in the medial, posterior region of the O2 segment, with a predominant expression in O3 and posterior.
		Chelicerates are an ancient arthropod group with a distinct body plan composed of an anterior (prosoma) and a posterior portion (opisthosoma).
		Thus, the earliest expression boundary of UbdA lies within the second opisthosomal segment in all the chelicerates examined.
	www.ingentaconnect.com /content/bsc/ede/2001/00000003/00000006/art01049 (383 words)

	Pharyngula::Strigamia maritima
		One thing they have discovered is that segmentation proceeds from anterior to posterior, and the animal probably uses something like a segmentation clock to tick off segments.
		One explanation for the different patterns is that the ancestral ur-segment corresponds to a pair of segments in arthropods, and that we vertebrates retain the primitive arrangement.
		One of the surprises in analyzing segmentation in Drosophila was the presence of the pair rule genes—genes that are turned on in every other segment and create a two segment periodicity.
	pharyngula.org /index/weblog/comments/strigamia_maritima (1059 words)

	Contributions to Zoology
		Further apomorphies are a pair of fronto-lateral horn glands exiting antero-ventrally on the head shield (carapace), a pair of multicellular cement glands exiting on the attachment organs, a single stout, serrated and non-natatory seta on the thoracopodal exopods and a highly reduced abdomen with at best traces of segmentation.
		It is posterior in all five pairs (LO1-5) in the ascothoracidan Ulophysema oeresundense, whereas the Thoracica and Rhizocephala have an anteriorly sited pore in LO1 and LO2 but a posteriorly sited pore in LO3-5.
		This list includes a four-segmented antennule with a triangular first segment of two sclerites set at an angle to each other, a cylindrical second segment, a small third segment functioning as an attachment organ, and a cylindrical fourth segment bearing homologous sensory setae.
	dpc.uba.uva.nl /ctz/vol68/nr03/a01 (1059 words)

	The Upstream Region of the Rpe65 Gene Confers Retinal Pigment Epithelium-specific Expression in Vivo and in Vitro and Contains Critical Octamer and E-box Binding Sites -- Boulanger et al. 275 (40): 31274 -- Journal of Biological Chemistry
		segment, comprising the cornea, iris and ciliary body; the posterior
		cornea, iris, and ciliary body; the posterior segment, comprising
		RPE65 is essential for all-trans- to 11-cis-retinoid isomerization, the hallmark reaction of the retinal pigment epithelium
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/275/40/31274 (1059 words)

	Mexico and Central America
		Crop caeca appearing in most individuals as one elongated, posterior pair (after a meal may have five more pairs, inconspicuous and transient, anterior to the principal pair); annulation: IV, 1; V, 2.
		Crop caeca consisting only of posterior pair; no tubercles; Mexican individuals of this species with very inconspicuous eyes (Ringuelet 1981a).
		One pair testisacs per segment; two pairs of about equal crop caeca per segment; in Mexico known only from north, at Nuevo Leon (Caballero 1952; Sawyer 1972).
	research.amnh.org /~siddall/PEET/sawyer/mexico.html (1059 words)

	LONI LONI Resource Resources Protocols Segmentation Ventricles
		The medial and lateral segments of the posterior horn should continue in the directions of the medial and lateral segments of the superior horn.
		The lateral ventricles are divided into superior, posterior and inferior horns and should be contoured on coronal brain slices while referencing orthogonal planes to clarify neuroanatomical boundaries if necessary.
		The lateral segment of the superior horn should be traced beginning at the termination point of the medial segment.
	www.loni.ucla.edu /NCRR/Protocols/Segmentation_1.html (336 words)

	BIOSI: BioLine Publications: Polychaete Research 17.4
		The segment at which these simple chaetae first appear (the dorsal simple chaetae begin on a more anterior segment than the simple ventral chaetae) may be important, but the influence of stolonisation and subsequent posterior regeneration should be borne in mind.
		These are primarily compound chaetae, but they are accompanied by single simple chaetae in the dorsalmost and ventralmost positions in the chaetal fascicle in more posterior segments, and are occasionally replaced by specialised simple chaetae in mid-body segments in species such as S.
		In some species, chaetae with long spiniger-like blades may be present, one or two per parapodium and with blades distinctly longer than those of the other compound chaetae in the parapodium.
	www.cf.ac.uk /biosi/associates/bioline/poly4.html (336 words)

	The Ants of Africa
		Petiole of a single segment, although the constriction between the first and second gastral segments may be very deep, such that petiole is effectively two-segmented.
		The puncturation of the petiole is much coarser, that of the 1st abdominal segment a little smaller, the rest of the abdomen finely punctured.
		Petiole high, posterior face overall concave in profile, not rectilinear as its cousins; subpetiolar process a yellowish flange, with 3 anterior points and one posterior.
	www.antbase.org /ants/africa/clog5.htm (336 words)

	Netherlands Institute voor Innovative Ocular Surgery - Melles
		on trypan blue for staining of epiretinal membranes and the internal limiting membrane in posterior segment surgery, with 3 surgical videos
		Nataloni R: Trypan blue equally effective in posterior and anterior segment surgery.
		Charters L: DALK, PLK help reduce risk of corneal disorder.
	www.niioc.nl /educat.htm (336 words)

	Patent 4771474: Apparatus for processing character or pictorial image data
		Sampling segments posterior thereto are defined sequentially in the same way as the above and, after obtaining a cubic polynomial for approximating each of such sampling segments, a first-degree derived function of each cubic polynomial is found, when necessary, to compute the inclination again at each outline point (37).
		That is, the inclination obtained from the first-degree derived function f'(x) of the third-degree polynomial f(x) in each sampling segment is decided to be an inclination at each outline point in the sampling segment.
		And then the cubic polynomial is computed on the basis of such inclination and the coordinates of the start and end points of the sampling candidate segment established in the region to be approximated with a curve.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4771474.html (336 words)

	S030384679781370.abstract.en
		Aneurysms of the lacerum segment (C3) are demonstrated as is an ectatic ICA protruding through the foramen lacerum, exposed at its exocranial surface.
		Recently the foramen lacerum was identified as one of seven segments (lacerum segment, C3) of the internal carotid artery (ICA) (Bouthillier, et al.
		Examples of pathologies restricted to the foramen lacerum segment lends credence to the clinical import and the proposed terminology of this new classification.
	www.elsevier.com /cdweb/journals/03038467/articles/99/1001/S030384679781370.abstract.en (242 words)

	The suboccipital cavernous sinus
		h, is stretched at the foramen magnum between the inferior border and the posterior surface of the occipital bone and the posterior arch of the atlas.
		has been dissected from the transverse foramen of the axis to its dural entry, the posterior wall of the transverse foramen of the atlas is opened using a diamond drill.
		The authors studied the microsurgical anatomy of the suboccipital region, concentrating on the third segment (V
	www.c3.hu /~mavideg/jns/1-6-p2.html (242 words)

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In the News (Tue 29 Dec 09)