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Topic: Posterior tibial artery

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	Posterior tibial artery - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In anatomy, the posterior tibial artery of the lower limb carries blood to the posterior compartment of the leg and plantar surface of the foot, from the popliteal artery.
		It is accompanied by a deep vein, the posterior tibial vein, along its course.
		The posterior tibial artery pulse can be readily palpated posterior and inferior to the medial malleolus and is often examined by physicians when assessing a patient for peripheral vascular disease.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Posterior_tibial_artery (282 words)

	VI. The Arteries. 1F. The Posterior Tibial Artery. Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body.
		It is accompanied by two veins, and by the tibial nerve, which lies at first to the medial side of the artery, but soon crosses it posteriorly, and is in the greater part of its course on its lateral side.
		—The branches of the posterior tibial artery are:
		In those rare cases where the peroneal artery is smaller than usual, a branch from the posterior tibial supplies its place; and a branch from the anterior tibial compensates for the diminished anterior peroneal artery.
	www.bartleby.com /107/162.html (1244 words)

	VI. The Arteries. 6d. The Anterior Tibial Artery. Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body.
		—The branches of the anterior tibial artery are:
		The medial malleolar net-work is formed by the anterior medial malleolar branch of the anterior tibial, the medial tarsal branches of the dorsalis pedis, the posterior medial malleolar and medial calcaneal branches of the posterior tibial and branches from the medial plantar artery.
		The lateral malleolar net-work is formed by the anterior lateral malleolar branch of the anterior tibial, the lateral tarsal branch of the dorsalis pedis, the perforating and the lateral calcaneal branches of the peroneal, and twigs from the lateral plantar artery.
	www.bartleby.com /107/160.html (740 words)

	Tibialis Posterior Tendon Dysfunction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		Often posterior tibial tendon dysfunction is due to an intrinsic abnormality of the tendon itself.
		The tibialis posterior muscle originates from the posterior aspect of the interosseous membrane, the superior two thirds of the postero medial aspect of the fibula and the superior aspect of the posterior surface of the tibia (Landorf, 1995, Myerson, 1993, Roukis et al, 1996, Blake et al, 1994).
		The function of tibialis posterior as a supinator of the subtalar joint and an adductor of the midtarsal joint results in it having an antagonistic relationship with the peroneal muscles, especially peroneus brevis (Landorf, 1995 Mann and Thompson, 1985).
	www.podiatry.curtin.edu.au /encyclopedia/pt (3277 words)

	Chapter 16: The leg
		The posterior compartment is subdivided by the deep transverse fascia of the leg, which runs between the medial border of the tibia and the posterior border of the fibula.
		The anterior tibial artery, the smaller division of the popliteal artery, passes through the fibrous arch of the tibialis posterior and through a defect in the superior part of the interosseous membrane to meet its companion nerve (fig.
		The tibialis posterior is the principal inverter of the foot.
	www.dartmouth.edu /~humananatomy/part_3/chapter_16.html (2114 words)

	GE Healthcare - Brochure - Arterial Duplex Imaging: Lower Extremity
		The peroneal artery terminates in the distal third of the calf and its branches communicate with branches of the posterior and anterior tibial arteries.
		The duplex imaging criteria for the normal arterial evaluation of the lower extremity is a triphasic Doppler signal from the abdominal aorta to the tibial arteries at the ankle.
		The peak velocity in the abdominal aorta is approximately 100 cm/sec and the velocity gradually decreases to 70 cm/sec in the popliteal artery.
	www.gehealthcare.com /usen/ultrasound/products/msucmeadi.html (4084 words)

	Posterior Tibial Artery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		At its lower end, the popliteal artery below the knee divides into the anterior and the posterior tibial arteries.
		The posterior tibial artery, the larger of the two popliteal branches, descends beneath the calf muscle and divides into branches to supply blood to the skin, muscles, and other tissues of the lower leg along the way.
		The largest branch of the posterior tibial artery is the "peroneal artery," which travels down along the fibula (lower leg bone) and contributes to the nerve network around the ankle.
	www.innerbody.com /text/card44.html (100 words)

	Posterior tibial vein - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In anatomy, the posterior tibial vein of the lower limb carries blood from the posterior compartment and plantar surface of the foot to the popliteal vein which is forms when it joins with the anterior tibial vein.
		Like most deep veins, the posterior tibial vein is accompanied by an artery of the same name, the posterior tibial artery, along its course.
		veins of the neck: external jugular - sinus - posterior external jugular - anterior jugular - internal jugular - inferior petrosal sinus - lingual - ranine - pharyngeal - superior thyroid - middle thyroid - vertebral - deep cervical
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Posterior_tibial_vein (415 words)

	Laguna Medical Systems
		The posterior tibial artery continues downward behind the tibia, carrying blood to the muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg.
		The anterior tibial artery passes in front of the ankle and ends on the dorsum of the foot as the dorsalis pedis artery.
		Acute ischemia is caused by sudden arterial occlusion by embolization from the heart, arteriosclerotic plaque, or an aneurysm, or by an acute thrombosis on preexisting atherosclerotic disease.
	www.lagunamedsys.com /EdgeArchive/feature011598.htm (2089 words)

	Clerkship - USC Department of Surgery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		The anterior tibial artery is most lateral (arrow), the posterior tibial is most medial (open arrow), and the peroneal is between.
		The anterior tibial becomes the dorsalis pedis and is palpable on the dorsum of the foot, the posterior tibial is palpable behind the medial malleolus.
		The common femoral and profunda femoral arteries are free of disease.
	www.surgery.usc.edu /clerkship/vvc-randyclark.html (888 words)

	Pulse - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the large arterial branches, its velocity is 7 to 10 m/s; in the small arteries, it is 15 to 35 m/s.
		When palpating the carotid artery, the femoral artery or the brachial artery, the thumb may be used.
		Also, a person's two carotid arteries should not be palpated at the same time, to avoid a risk of fainting or brain ischemia.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pulse (873 words)

	Popliteal artery
		In human anatomy, the popliteal artery is defined as the extension of the femoral artery after passing through the adductor canal above the knee.
		It gives-off a branch to the lateral compartment of the leg, known as the peroneal artery and then bifurcates into the anterior tibial artery and posterior tibial artery.
		Embryologically, the popliteal artery is derived from the fetal sciatic artery, which is distinct from the femoral artery.
	www.mrsci.com /Arteries/Popliteal_artery.php (139 words)

	Anatomy Atlases: Atlas of Human Anatomy in Cross Section: Section 7. Lower Limb
		The branches of the anterior tibial artery are the posterior tibial recurrent, anterior tibial recurrent, medial anterior malleolar, lateral anterior malleolar, and ten to fifteen muscular branches to the extensor of the toes and the anterior tibial muscle.
		Continuing obliquely downward to the tibial side of the leg, it reaches the ankle joint and passes deep to the flexor retinaculum between the flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallucis longus tendons, to the deep side of the origin of the abductor hallucis muscle, where it terminates by dividing into medial and lateral plantar arteries.
		The branches of the posterior tibial artery are the fibular circumflex branch, peroneal, tibial nutrient, communicating posterior medial malleolar, and the medial calcaneal.
	www.anatomyatlases.org /HumanAnatomy/7Section/25.shtml (586 words)

	Education : Procedures : BOTOX® for Hyperhidrosis :: Hints & Tips (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		The needle is inserted between the palmaris longus tendon and the flexor carpi radialis tendon at proximal flexion crease of the wrist.
		Tibial nerve block: The posterior tibial nerve is blocked by introducing the needle at the level of the superior border of the medial malleolus, posterior to the pulse of the posterior tibial artery.
		The injection is given midway between the posterior tibial artery and the Achilles tendon.
	www.derm.net /bo_hyperhidrosis_hints_tips.shtml (655 words)

	Infra Popliteal Artery Exposure
		The artery is surround by paired veins and typically lies superficial to the deep peroneal nerve.
		The incision begins 1.5-cm posterior to the tibia and care should be taken to avoid injury to the greater saphenous vein that courses through the subcutaneous tissue of the calf.
		The tibial nerve lies adjacent to this tibial artery and must be protected throughout the dissection.
	www.vascularweb.org /_CONTRIBUTION_PAGES/Clinical_Information/Archive_NOT_BEING_USED/OpenSurgery/Popliteal_exposure_Abou_Zamzam.html (877 words)

	Andrew McDonough's Classes at NYU
		The peroneal artery branches from the posterior tibial artery usually in the middle of the posterior leg.
		The posteror tibial artery branches from the tibial artery several inches distal to the tibial plateau where more proximally it is called the popliteal artery.
		The branch-point of the peroneal artery from the posterior tibial artery is somewhat variable and may branch more proximally from the posterior tibial (perhaps a third of the length of the leg vs. one half) and in some cases it may even branch from the popliteal artery behind the knee.
	www.nyu.edu /classes/mcdonough/an_no7.htm (155 words)

	The decrease in noradrenaline concentration in the posterior tibial artery with age.
		The decrease in noradrenaline concentration in the posterior tibial artery with age.
		The concentrations of noradrenaline and adrenaline were studied in specimens of the posterior tibial artery obtained from 18 subjects at postmortem examination.
		Expressed in ng/cm artery the arterial noradrenaline concentration was insignificantly lower in the females than in the males.
	www.arclab.org /medlineupdates/abstract_624460.html (128 words)

	Peripheral Vascular Bypass Surgery - Definition, Purpose, Demographics, Description, Diagnosis/Preparation , Aftercare, ...
		Most often, atherosclerotic blockage or narrowing (stenosis) occurs in the femoral arteries that supply the thighs with blood or in the common iliac arteries, which are branches of the lower abdominal aorta that also supplies the legs.
		The popliteal arteries (a portion of the femoral arteries near the surface of the legs) or the posterior tibial and peroneal arteries below the knee (portions of the popliteal artery) can be affected.
		When the lower aorta, femoral artery, and common iliac arteries (all in the lower abdominal and groin areas) are blocked, gradual narrowing may produce cramping pain and numbness in the buttocks and thighs, and men may become impotent.
	www.surgeryencyclopedia.com /Pa-St/Peripheral-Vascular-Bypass-Surgery.html (3094 words)

	eMedicine - Flaps, Fasciocutaneous Flaps : Article by Kerri M Woodberry, MD
		The anterior tibial artery flap is a Type B fasciocutaneous flap located on the anterolateral aspect of the leg between the knee and lateral malleolus.
		The peroneal artery flap is a Type B fasciocutaneous flap based on the lateral leg over the fibula extending from the head of the fibula to the lateral malleolus.
		The posterior tibial artery flap is a Type B fasciocutaneous flap designed on the medial aspect of the leg from the knee to the medial malleolus.
	www.emedicine.com /plastic/topic243.htm (3372 words)

	Fracture of the Proximal Tibial Epiphysis
		Exploration of the popliteal artery at the level of the fracture revealed it to be contused and occluded.
		The postoperative course was complicated by myoglobinuria, anterior tibial and dorsalis pedis occlusion, muscle necrosis treated by sequential debridement, and wound infection with methacillin resistant Staph.
		Aitken, A.P., Fractures of the Proximal Tibial Epiphyseal Cartilage, CORR, 1965; 41: 92-97.
	gait.aidi.udel.edu /res695/homepage/pd_ortho/educate/clincase/tepip.htm (979 words)

	Lecture Notes: Thigh & Knee- Revised 11/00
		posterior cruciate - restricts posterior displacement of the tibia relative to the femur
		A. popliteal artery is continuation of femoral artery at adductor hiatus; in addition to muscular branches, typically gives rise to 5 genicular branches within popliteal fossa; popliteal a terminates at lower border of popliteal fossa as anterior and posterior tibial aa
		B. ventral division nerves: innervate hindlimb musculature arising from the ischium and pubis and all posterior and medial compartments
	www.fiu.edu /~condon/thighout.htm (737 words)

	Lab Manual - Leg
		Begin with the popliteal artery, and note that it divides into anterior and posterior tibial arteries at the lower border of the popliteus muscle.
		Follow the anterior tibial artery over the upper free edge of the interosseous membrane and into the anterior compartment; identify and trace the posterior and anterior tibial recurrent arteries.
		Trace the tibial nerve, noting branches to superficial posterior compartment muscles, its course between the two heads of gastrocnemius and its course deep to the origin of the soleus.
	www.med.umich.edu /lrc/coursepages/M1/anatomy/html/limbs/leg.html (889 words)

	Posterior Tibial Artery - Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics
		- tibial nutrient artery of tibia is large branch of posterior tibial artery;
		Durability of the tibial artery bypass in diabetic patients.
		Absent posterior tibial artery in an infant with talipes equinovarus.
	www.wheelessonline.com /ortho/posterior_tibial_artery (249 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		Although the tibial plateau is quite broad, the actual articular surface is relegated to the posterior half of the proximal tibia.
		The tibial tuberosity, which serves as an insertion for the quadriceps muscle, is located just distally to the cranial border of the tibial plateau.
		The nutrient artery is a branch of the caudal tibial artery.
	cal.vet.upenn.edu /saortho/chapter_31/31mast.htm (2506 words)

	Ankle Blocks (page 1)
		The tibial nerve then divides into the posterior tibial and sural nerves, and the common peroneal nerve into the deep and superficial peroneal nerves.
		The posterior tibial nerve innervates all but one of the intrinsic muscles of the foot, via its terminal branches, the medial and lateral plantar nerves.
		To block the posterior tibial nerve in a supine position, flex the knee and place the ankle on top of the contralateral shin.
	www.nda.ox.ac.uk /wfsa/html/u10/u1013_01.htm (481 words)

	eMedicine - Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome : Article by Gianni Persich, DPM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		Tarsal tunnel syndrome is caused by compression of the tibial nerve or its associated branches as it passes underneath the flexor retinaculum at the ankle level or distally.
		Pathophysiology: Tarsal tunnel syndrome is a compression neuropathy of the tibial nerve situated in the tarsal canal.
		The posterior tibial nerve lies between the posterior tibial muscle and the flexor digitorum longus muscle in the proximal region of the leg and then passes in between the flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallucis longus muscle in the distal region of the leg.
	www.emedicine.com /orthoped/topic565.htm (3994 words)

	Infrainguinal Arterial Procedures
		Dissection of the origin of the deep femoral artery must be done carefully so as not to injure the collateral vessels coming off the artery at that level and the one or two branches of the satellite veins that cross the anterior portion of its initial segment.
		As a rule, a tibial artery is used only if its lumen runs without obstruction into the foot, though bypasses to isolated tibial artery segments and other disadvantaged outflow tracts have been performed and have remained patent for more than 4 years.
		The distal portion of the posterior tibial artery is approached via a medial incision along the posterior edge of the tibia; deepening this incision along the posterior tibialis muscle and the posterior surface of the tibia allows exposure of the posterior tibial artery.
	www.acssurgery.com /acsonline/wnChapters/WN0618.htm (1005 words)

	Posterior Tibial Anatomy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		The posterior tibial nerve arises from the tibial nerve, a terminal branch of the sciatic nerve (L4-S2), in the popliteal fossa.
		It continues posteriorly and runs with the posterior tibial artery, which can be palpated between the medial malleolus and Achilles tendon.
		Here the nerve may be blocked to anesthetized the distal 2/3 of sole of foot (via the medial and lateral plantar branches).
	cortex.uchc.edu /emres/posteriortibial_anatomy.htm (64 words)

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