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Topic: Posthumous name

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	ipedia.com: Posthumous name Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		Posthumous name is the name commonly used when naming most Chinese royalty and all the emperors of Japan, except the four most recent emperors, Akihito, Hirohito, the Taisho emperor and the Meiji empe...
		Posthumous name (諡號/謚號 Pinyin: shi4 hao4; Romaji: shigō/tsuigō) is the name commonly used when naming most Chinese royalty and all the emperors of Japan, except the four most recent emperors, Akihito, Hirohito (the Showa emperor), the Taisho emperor and the Meiji emperor.
		The use of posthumous names was stopped in the Qin Dynasty, because Qin Shi Huangdi proclaimed that it is disrespectful for the descendants, or "later emperors" (嗣皇帝;) to judge their elders, or the "prior emperors" (先帝;).
	www.ipedia.com /posthumous_name.html (998 words)

	Posthumous - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The name Posthumous or Postumus was sometimes given to children born after the death of their father.
		The Darwin Awards are, by their nature, usually granted posthumously, although death is not per se a mandatory qualification.
		Posthumous pardons or acquittals can be issued if a wrongful conviction is discovered after the death or execution of the convict(s), to clear their record.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Posthumous (267 words)

	Emperor of Japan
		Although the Emperor performs many of the roles of a head of state, there has been a persistent controversy within Japan as to whether the Emperor is in fact head of state or merely someone who acts as head of state.
		Efforts in the 1950s by conservative powers to amend the constitution to explicitly name the Emperor as head of state were rejected.
		Instead, past emperors are called by posthumous names (shigō or tsuigō) such as Jimmu, Kammu and Meiji.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/te/Tenno.html (783 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Posthumous
		The posthumous son of a poor Bristol schoolmaster, he was already composing the Rowley Poems at the age of 12, claiming they were copies of 15th-century manuscripts at the Church of St. Mary Redcliffe, Bristol.
		He was the posthumous son of Hormuz II and therefore was born king.
		The Leather Uppers have a new (posthumous) LP that's limited to 500 copies and includes some of their previously released stuff, available as comp tracks or singles.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Posthumous (923 words)

	Wikipedia: Name - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		Naming is the process of assigning a particular word or phrase to a particular object or property.
		A common name is a name for a plant or animal in a locale's native language, often describing the item's appearance.
		A human name is an anthroponym; a toponym is a place name; hydronym is a name of a body of water; an ethnonym is name of an ethnic group.
	en.pediax.org /Name (1822 words)

	Japanese Names: Article from Wikipedia
		The plan to increase the number of name kanji has been controversial, largely because Chinese characters for "cancer", "hemorrhoids", "corpse", and "excrement", as well as those used in jukugo (words which are compounds of two or more kanji) meaning "curse", "prostitute", and "rape", are among the proposed additions to the list.
		Names are almost never spoken or written without some sort of honorific, either a title like sensei or a general honorific like -san (さん), -kun (くん、君), or -chan (ちゃん).
		Often, part of the name comes from the wrestler's master, a place name (such as the name of a province, a river, or a sea), the name of a weapon, an item identified with Japanese tradition (like a koto or nishiki), or a term indicating superiority.
	www.japanese-name-translation.com /site/japanese_name_article.html (3343 words)

	Chinese History - titles of rulers and names of persons (www.chinaknowledge.de)
		Chinese rulers were not named and counted by their personal name like in Europe (for instance, William I. the Conqueror), but with the honorific title "the Upper" (shang ä¸) or the epithet "Down of the stairs to the throne" (in order to avoid a direct addressing to the ruler; bixia éä¸).
		Some rulers do not have a temple name or posthumous title (deposed, minors, and last rulers), and the rulers of the Sixteen Kingdoms and the Ten States are listed with their personal name although they had a temple name and posthumous title.
		One part of posthume names of rulers are the ruling ranks, according to the ruling rank during lifetime.
	www.chinaknowledge.de /History/titles.html (1749 words)

	Chinese Names - About Chinese Name, Family Name, Given Name
		The Chinese name is made up of a family name (姓), which is always placed first, followed by a generation name and personal name as part of the given name (名).
		Given names resonant of qualities which are perceived to be either masculine or feminine are frequently given, with males being linked with strength and firmness, and females with beauty and flowers.
		Among Chinese Americans, it is common practice to be referred to primarily by the Western name and to use the Chinese given name as a middle name.
	www.chinesenames.org /chinese-name/about.htm (1065 words)

	Name articles 4
		Usually, these were populations who did not care for family names and were known as A son of B or C daughter of D, but were conquered by a culture that imposed (or became an example of) the use of family names.
		One can inherit the name of a dead performer as one advances in skill, and the ultimate honor is to earn the name of on of the legendary members of the school.
		In Lebanon, the middle name is the father's name no matter the gender of the child; it's not used either but in a society where everyone is connected to everyone else by 2 degrees at most, this allows immediate pinpointing of a person's place on a family tree -- characteristic of a group-oriented culture again.
	www.cedarseed.com /air/namearticles4.html (1195 words)

	Posthumous name - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Posthumous names in China and Vietnam were also given to honor lifetime accomplishments of many people who were not related to the emperor, for example to successful courtiers.
		A posthumous name should not be confused with the Era name and Temple name.
		The use of posthumous names was stopped in the Qin Dynasty, because Qin Shi Huang proclaimed that it is disrespectful for the descendants, or "later emperors" (嗣皇帝) to judge their elders, or the "prior emperors" (先帝).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Posthumous_name (1231 words)

	:: Boeun has hopes and a brighter future. :: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		Other name is Gyeonghwi, a posthumous name is Nakju, and a bongwan is Neungseong, He was a Gu Subok..
		Other name is gumryeong, He passed a mugwa in 1624 and then served as a sugunjeoldosa in Chungchungdo..
		Other name is Gyeonggu, a posthumus name is Songchon, and a bongwan is Geongju, He was a Jeunggongjon..
	www.boeun.chungbuk.kr /eng06/02/cu04.jsp (670 words)

	Ancient China Simplified - Chapter XXXIII - Names (by Edward Harper Parker)
		One of the difficulties of Chinese ancient history is the unravelling of proper names; but, as with other difficulties, this one is owing rather to the novelty and strangeness of the subject, to the unfamiliarity of scene and of atmosphere, than to any inherent want of clearness in the matter itself.
		The name Luh-fu or “Emoluments Father,” belonging to the son of the last Emperor of the Shang dynasty in 1123 B.C., was also the personal name of one of the rulers of Ts’i many centuries later.
		A great deal more might of course be said upon the subject of names, and of their effect in sometimes obscuring, sometimes elucidating, historical facts; but these few remarks will perhaps suffice, at least, to suggest the importance of scrutinizing closely the possible bearing of each name upon the political events connected with it.
	www.authorama.com /ancient-china-simplified-34.html (1477 words)

	Name articles 2
		It is a specialist name (each clan is specialized in something such as sailing or war) chosen by the members of the mother's clan, and expressing what the child is to become.
		In cultures that take names' meanings into consideration their meaning, the names are based on events surrounding birth, people, sacred places, and animals (this deserves a deeper study, but in another article).
		If a word used in the name of a family member comes up during conversation, it will be avoided by using a synonym or, if it's not possible to use a substitute, the word is mispronounced in order to respect the name bearer.
	www.cedarseed.com /air/namearticles2.html (1462 words)

	the truth about china and its cover ups - Qin Shi Huang - BlogHoster (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		Qin Shi Huang (秦始皇) (November/December 260 BC-September 10, 210 BC), personal name Zheng, was king of the Chinese State of Qin from 247 BC to 221 BC, and then the first emperor of a unified China from 221 BC to 210 BC, ruling under the name First Emperor.
		The given name was never used except by close relatives, therefore it is also incorrect to refer to the young Qin Shi Huang as "Prince Zheng", or as "King Zheng of Qin".
		This name Qin Shi Huang (i.e., "First Emperor of the Qin Dynasty") is the name that appears in the Records of the Grand Historian written by Sima Qian, and is the name most favored today inside China when referring to the First Emperor.
	www.blogstuff.co.uk /chinesedistractor/146 (4068 words)

	Exploring Chinese History :: Database Catalog :: Biographical Database :: Imperial China- (?- 1644)
		1- Temple name given in 1644 by the prince of Fu (福王), the new self-proclaimed emperor of the Southern Ming.
		A fortuneteller in Handan named Wang Lang (王郎) claimed to be actually named Liu Ziyu (劉子輿) and a son of Emperor Cheng.
		This birth name, which means "double eight", was allegedly given to him because the combined age of his parents when he was born was 88 years.
	www.ibiblio.org /chinesehistory/contents/06dat/bio.1imp.html (17282 words)

	Puyi - Information at Halfvalue.com
		In 2004 descendants of the Qing imperial family have conferred a posthumous name and temple name upon Puyi.
		Lady Lingiya was a maid at the mansion of the 1st Prince Chun whose original Chinese family name was Liu (å); this was changed into the Manchu clan's name Lingyia when she was made a Manchu, a requirement before becoming the concubine of a Manchu prince.
		Â¹ Aisin-Gioro is the clan's name in Manchu, pronounced ÃixÄ«n JuÃ©luÃ³ in Mandarin; PÇ”yÃ is the Chinese given name as pronounced in Mandarin.
	www.halfvalue.com /wiki.jsp?topic=Puyi (1780 words)

	Posthumous name
		Posthumous name (諡號/謚號 Pinyin: shi4 hao4) is the name commonly used when naming most Chinese royalty and all the emperors of Japan, except the four most recent emperors, Akihito, Hirohito (the Showa emperor), the Taisho emperor and the Meiji emperor.
		All Chinese posthumous names for rulers end in one or two of the characterss for "emperor", huangdi (皇帝), which can be shortened to di; except about a dozen or so less recognonized ones who have had only di and no huang.
		For Qing emperors, "filial" is placed in various position in the string of characters, while the those Qing empresses who were given posthumous names, "filial" is always intial.
	www.fact-index.com /p/po/posthumous_name.html (941 words)

	CalendarHome.com - - Calendar Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		He reigned for 8 years but on the eve of his death in 1457, he refused to name an heir, particularly because his own son died mysteriously -- perhaps poisoned.
		He was instead buried away from that locale west of Beijing and was buried as a prince rather than an emperor.
		His posthumous name was also shortened to five characters instead of the normal seventeen to reflect his demoted status.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /cgi-bin/encyclopedia.pl?p=Jingtai_Emperor (480 words)

	Timeline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		NOTE ON NAMES: Each Emperor at birth received a given name identical in structure to that of ordinary Chinese: a surname followed by the personal name.
		After the death of an Emperor, court historians devised a posthumous name to be employed in Confucian religious rites.
		This is called the temple name, and it is the name most often used by historians.
	www15.brinkster.com /orientalempire/timeline2.htm (525 words)

	MohaNokor
		Inscription of the Bhraman Divakara, mentions his name in the construction of Sivaite temples at Phnom Sandak, Prah Vihea, and Vat Phu and the construction of the Buddhist temple at Phimai.
		A king named Naripatindravarman, mentioned in inscriptions to reign at Angkor until 1113, might have been the same as Dharanindravarman I. His title of Naripati suggests that he was a governor of Lavo.
		The last inscription in his name is of 1145, but there is every reason to believe that he was the instigator of the campaign of 1150 against Tongkin and, therefore, that he reign at least until that date.
	home.att.net /~khmerheritage/MahaNokor.html (1913 words)

	SignOnSanDiego.com > Sports -- Angler offers fish new re-lease on life
		I made the connection because Point Loma angler Bruce Posthumous, whose name literally means "after death," is a man who is all about giving fish life after the catch.
		Posthumous figured he released 25 big yellowfin tuna on that Royal Polaris trip that took advantage of the wide-open fishing that has been at the Hurricane Bank for more than a month.
		Posthumous, a vegetarian who doesn't eat meat or fish, gave one of the wahoo to the crew and the other to some other anglers.
	www.signonsandiego.com /sports/outdoors/20041226-9999-1s26outdoors.html (853 words)

	[No title]
		In the case of a student pursuing a graduate degree that requires the completion a research project and the writing of a thesis or dissertation, the project must be substantially completed and a draft version of the thesis or dissertation must be passed upon by the Program of Study Committee.
		Inquiries relative to the possibility of a posthumous degree for a deceased student should be referred to the dean of the student’s college.
		The request must indicate the rationale for awarding the degree posthumously and must indicate approval on behalf of the faculty in the student’s major department and the dean that any remaining credits required for the degree are waived.
	www.iastate.edu /~registrar/info/post-degree.doc (319 words)

	Exploring Chinese History :: Database Catalog :: Biographical Database :: Qing Era- (1644- 1912)
		The name in the box was to be revealed to other members of the imperial family in the presence of all senior ministers only upon the death of the Emperor.
		She was the daughter of the Manchu general Ronglu (榮祿) (1836-1903) from the Guwalgiya clan, one of the leaders of the conservative faction at the court, and a staunch supporter of Cixi whom she rewarded by marrying his daughter into the imperial family.
		Aisin-Gioro is the clan's name in Manchu, pronounced Àixīn Juéluó in Mandarin; Pǔyí is the Chinese given name as pronounced in Mandarin.
	www.ibiblio.org /chinesehistory/contents/06dat/bio.2qin.html (12684 words)

	The Na of the Samurai
		Samurai invariably changed their name on reaching adulthood, and were generally given a posthumous name as well.
		Including because one’s name resembled the taboo name of the emperor or some enemy of the state (or other undesirable character), to ride on the wave of popularity of some esteemed personality or new leader, to give oneself an air of importance or dignity, and so forth.
		Some interesting examples are ukina (sully one’s name), komyo (fame), daimyo (lord or chieftain, literally ‘big name’), yumei (famous, well known, literally ‘having name’), meiyo (the modern term for honor, derived from ‘name’ and ‘praise’), and the modern namae (given name, from ‘name’ and ‘front’).
	lenpal.bostonwebspace.com /content/essays/e990117.php (3677 words)

	The Flying Fists of Master Grant: Chinese Names
		* Rŭmíng -- "milk name," given to babies shortly after birth (but not always immediately -- that first name is usually a "little name" parents keep as a kind of nickname for their children after the formal naming).
		Zi -- This is also known as a "style name." Classically, it was the name given to a young man upon coming of age or a woman as soon as she was married.
		This is the name given to royalty or other important figures after death, intended as meaningful commentary on the person's accomplishments.
	www.flyingfists.org /archives/003077.html (773 words)

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