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Topic: Postoperative nausea and vomiting

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	Nausea - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Nausea (Greek Ναυτεία) is the sensation of unease and discomfort in the stomach with an urge to vomit.
		Nausea is not an illness in itself; it is rather a possible symptom of several conditions, many of which are not related to the stomach at all.
		Even though nausea is generally seen as an indication that something is wrong, experiencing it during pregnancy is quite normal, and should not be considered an immediate cause for alarm.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nausea (362 words)

	Postoperative nausea and vomiting - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is an unpleasant complication affecting about a third of the 10% of the population undergoing general anaesthesia each year.
		Nausea and vomiting can be extremely distressing for patients and is therefore one of their major concerns [Macario 1999].
		Nausea and vomiting can delay discharge and about 1% of patients scheduled for day surgery require unanticipated overnight admission because of uncontrolled postoperative nausea and vomiting.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Postoperative_nausea_and_vomiting (484 words)

	Effect of Acupressure on Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		During observation patients complaining of nausea or vomiting, metaclopramide 10 mg was given intravenously and the observation was abandoned.
		The incidence of nausea immediately after surgery was 32% and 12%, in first hour 12% and 8%, in second hour 0% and 4%, in third hour 4% and 0%, in fourth hour 0% and 4% in control group and placebo group respectively, which is statistically insignificant when both groups are compared.
		The incidence of vomiting was 32% and 20% immediately after surgery, 16% and 16% in first hour, 4% and 8% in second hour, 8% and 4% in third hour, 0% and 4% in fourth hour in control group and placebo group respectively, which is statistically insignificant when both groups are compared.
	jpma.org.pk /jpma/2Feb03/fulltext7.htm (2063 words)

	Does ginger prevent nausea and vomiting? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The proportion of patients with nausea was 33% (12/36 patients) with ginger 0.5 g, 36% (13/36) with ginger 1.0 g and 22% (8/36) with placebo (Figure 1).
		The proportion of patients with vomiting was 14% (5/36 patients) with ginger 0.5 g, 30% (11/36) with ginger 1.0 g and 17% (6/36) with placebo (Figure 2).
		The proportion of patients with nausea and/or vomiting was 45% (9/20 patients) with ginger 1 g, 50% (10/20) with metoclopramide and 70% (14/20) with placebo.
	www.jr2.ox.ac.uk /bandolier/booth/alternat/AT128.html (790 words)

	Pacific College Articles - Acupuncture Cures Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting
		It's post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV), and 25 to 40 percent of surgical patients are at risk.
		Nausea and vomiting are basic human reflexes that protect against absorption of toxins in response to certain stimuli.
		Many consider post-operative nausea and vomiting to be as debilitating as the pain associated with surgical procedure.
	www.pacificcollege.edu:16080 /publications/articles/2005/July/07-181-2005.html (746 words)

	Efficacy Of Propofol In Preventing Postoperative Nausea And Vomiting (PONV) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Nausea and vomiting following anaesthesia is a distressing problem for patients as it increases recovery time, the intensity of nursing care and delays discharge.
		All patients were evaluated for hemodynamic derangements, nausea and vomiting for the 1st hour in the post operative room and thereafter in the post operative ward for 24 hrs by a person who was blinded to the study.
		Nausea was defined as a subjective, unpleasant sensation in the epigastrium and the throat with the urge to vomit.
	www.ispub.com /ostia/index.php?xmlFilePath=journals/ija/vol7n1/ponv.xml (1434 words)

	Scopolamine Patch - Definition, Purpose, Demographics, Description, Diagnosis/Preparation, Aftercare, Risks, Normal ...
		Scopolamine patches are prescribed to reduce postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) associated with anesthesia and surgery.
		For women who are prescribed a scopolamine patch to reduce nausea and vomiting related to a cesarean section, the patch should be applied just one hour before the procedure to minimize the baby's exposure to the drug.
		Gan, T. "Postoperative nausea and vomiting—can it be eliminated?" Journal of the American Medical Association 287 (March 13, 2002): 1233–6.
	www.surgeryencyclopedia.com /Pa-St/Scopolamine-Patch.html (911 words)

	POST-OPERATIVE NAUSEA & VOMITING
		Nausea & vomiting may delay discharge from the recovery room (RR)--tying up human and material resources {3}--and if it is severe enough, may require admission to the hospital.
		Nausea is the uncomfortable sensation of an impending episode of vomiting.
		Vomiting is a complicated process, mediated by a central coordinating "vomiting center", thought to reside in the brainstem (close to the Tractus Solitarius).
	anestit.unipa.it /gta/nausea.html (3538 words)

	Welcome To ASPAN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The physiology of the vomiting reflex is well understood; however, the pathways involved in the control of nausea and vomiting are not as well defined.
		The etiology of nausea and vomiting in the postoperative period is a very complex issue because of the multiple factors that contribute to this process.
		Naylor RJ, Inall FC: The physiology and pharmacology of postoperative nausea and vomiting.
	www.aspan.org /EdCe2002Jun.htm (4308 words)

	Non-drug techniques prevent PONV [Jan 2000; 71-9] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Trials that treated established nausea and vomiting were not addressed.
		The outcomes were nausea, vomiting or nausea and vomiting.
		P6 acupuncture point stimulation was effective in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults though not in children.
	www.jr2.ox.ac.uk /bandolier/band71/b71-9.html (465 words)

	Wrist Acupuncture Reduces Incidence of Post-Op Nausea and Vomiting. Acupuncture Today, October 2004
		Postoperative nausea and vomiting, or PONV, is an extremely common disorder that occurs in people who have been subjected to general or local anesthesia due to surgery.
		Depending on the age of the patient being operated on, the type of surgical procedure performed and the way anesthesia is delivered, up to 80 percent of people given an anesthetic may suffer from nausea or vomiting after their operation.
		Because most episodes of postoperative nausea and vomiting resolve within 24 hours, physicians are often hesitant to treat it.
	www.acupuncturetoday.com /archives2004/oct/10postop.html (944 words)

	ASA: Total Intravenous Anesthesia With Propofol Reduces Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		At 90 minutes, postoperative nausea was present in 6.5 percent of patients in the TIVA group compared to 29.5 percent in the SEVO group (p<0.001); at 24 hours, nausea increased to 33.3 percent in the TIVA group 51.4 percent in the SEVO group (p=0.001).
		Likewise, at 24 hours, 2.6 percent of patients had postoperative vomiting in the TIVA group compared to 9.2 percent in the SEVO group (p = 0.014); at 24 hours, vomiting increased to 22.7 percent in the TIVA group compared to 34.2 percent in the SEVO group (p = 0.014).
		Postoperative use of opioids was not a risk factor, however.
	www.pslgroup.com /dg/2202ae.htm (517 words)

	Prophylactic gabapentin for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing laparoscopic ...
		Incidence of post-operative nausea and vomiting within 24 hrs after laparoscopic cholecystectomy was significantly lower in gabapentin group (46/125) than in the placebo group (75/125) (37.8% vs 60%; P =0.04).
		Its antiemetic effect is demonstrated in chemotherapy-induced acute and delayed onset of nausea and vomiting in breast cancer patients.
		Metoclopramide versus ondansetron in prophylaxis of nausea and vomiting for laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
	www.jpgmonline.com /article.asp?issn=0022-3859;year=2006;volume=52;issue=2;spage=97;epage=100;aulast=Pandey (2405 words)

	Merck News Item (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Prevention of vomiting was defined as no emetic episodes and was one of two primary endpoints in the study.
		Chronic continuous use of EMEND for prevention of nausea and vomiting is not recommended because it has not been studied and because chronic continuous use of EMEND may cause some medicines to work differently in the body.
		Studies show that nausea and vomiting may affect up to 30 percent of all patients undergoing surgery, and as many as 70 percent of high risk patients.
	www.merck.com /newsroom/press_releases/product/2006_0711.html (1393 words)

	Nausea and vomiting (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Nausea is a reaction to a number of causes that include overeating, infection, or irritation of the throat or stomach lining.
		If the nausea and vomiting appear to be related to anxiety, stress, or an eating disorder, the doctor may refer the patient to a psychiatrist for further evaluation.
		Vomiting related to emotional upsets may be avoided by forms of psychotherapy that teach patients to manage stress in healthier ways.
	www.healthatoz.com /healthatoz/Atoz/ency/nausea_and_vomiting.jsp (1297 words)

	Oxygen Counters Nausea, Vomiting After Surgery
		Despite the development of new anesthetic drugs and medications to combat nausea and vomiting following surgery, as many as 70% of patients experience these complications after an operation.
		Nausea and vomiting evaluations began once patients reached the recovery room, and continued at six-hour intervals for 24 hours.
		He adds that nausea and vomiting can add substantial costs to an otherwise simple hospital visit when, for example, a day surgery patient becomes so ill they have to be hospitalized because they can't keep anything down.
	www.webmd.com /content/article/19/1728_50389.htm (608 words)

	Evidence-based management of postoperative nausea and vomiting: a review: [Le traitement des nausees et des ...
		vomiting occurs in 13 to 42% of all pediatric surgical patients.
		Nausea and vomiting after gynaecological laparoscopy depends upon the phase of the menstrual cycle.
		Incidence and severity of postoperative nausea and vomiting are similar after metoclopramide 20 mg and ondansetron 8 mg given by the end of laparoscopic cholecystectomies.
	www.cja-jca.org /cgi/content/full/51/4/326 (6775 words)

	Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting Can Be Abolished: Implications
		The study showed that abolishment of vomiting and significant reduction in nausea can indeed be accomplished by very aggressive therapy.
		This has the advantage of high levels of patient satisfaction (patient list nausea and vomiting among their top concerns with anesthesia) and earlier discharge to home.
		This is an important finding, as it shows that the abolishment of postoperative nausea and vomiting is indeed within grasp utilizing the concept of multimodal therapy.
	anesthesiologyinfo.com /articles/01152002b.php (471 words)

	Managing Nausea and Vomiting: Current Strategies -- Garrett et al. 23 (1): 31 -- Critical Care Nurse
		The occurrence of postoperative nausea and vomiting is influenced
		with a decrease in the likelihood of postoperative nausea and
		Ondansetron versus placebo for prophylaxis of nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing ambulatory laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
	ccn.aacnjournals.org /cgi/content/full/23/1/31 (4782 words)

	Acupuncture for Preventing and Treating Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting - Swedish MC, Seattle, Washington, WA
		There is clear evidence that needle acupuncture is efficacious for adult postoperative and chemotherapy nausea and vomiting and probably for the nausea of pregnancy.
		Second, because acupuncture is more effective for preventing nausea, its use may reduce the length of time patients need to stay in the hospital.
		Wrist acupuncture reduces incidence of post-op nausea and vomiting.
	www.swedish.org /110335.cfm (896 words)

	Amazon.com: Nausea/Vomiting (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Nausea and Vomiting: Overview, Challenges, Practical Treatments and New Perspectives by Richard H Blum, William Heinrichs, Richard H. Blum, and W. LeRoy Heinrichs (Hardcover - Jun 15, 2000)
		Prophylactic gabapentin for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A randomized, double-blind,...
		Nausea and vomiting are major risks in chemotherapy.
	www.amazon.com /s?ie=UTF8&search-alias=aps&keywords=Nausea/Vomiting&page=1 (518 words)

	Improved Communication Between Patient And Physician Can Reduce Postoperative Nausea And Vomiting
		However, studies have shown that nausea and vomiting after surgery is the major factor influencing whether or not patients are satisfied with their surgery.
		According to Gan, four main patient characteristics appear to predispose patients to PONV: being female, being young, being a non-smoker and having a history of PONV or motion sickness.
		This could be due to the gas, which is used to "inflate" the abdomen to create a workspace for the instruments, putting pressure on the vagus nerve, which has a connection to the brain's nausea and vomiting center.
	www.dukenews.duke.edu /2002/03/vomit0302_print.htm (881 words)

	ASA: Replacing Fluids Eases Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common problem in the surgical setting for which reliably safe and effective therapies are needed.
		Two new studies, both out of the anesthesia department of the Washington University School of Medicine (WUSM) in St. Louis, Missouri, United States, and presented at the annual meeting of the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) show that simple fluid replacement might be the answer.
		Still, only two out of 14 (14 percent) patients in the bolus group experienced nausea in the first 24 hours after surgery, compared to a whopping 12/15 (80 percent) in the nonbolus group.
	www.pslgroup.com /dg/209036.htm (399 words)

	Acupressure wristbands do not prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting after urological endoscopic surgery -- Agarwal ...
		POSTOPERATIVE nausea and vomiting (PONV) is associated with
		Effect of propofol on the incidence of postoperative vomiting after strabismus surgery in pediatric outpatients.
		Acupressure versus intravenous metoclopramide to prevent nausea and vomiting during spinal anesthesia for Cesarean section.
	www.cja-jca.org /cgi/content/full/47/4/319 (2083 words)

	Digestive Facts - New Drugs Better for Postoperative Nausea
		This is the first time that an anti-sickness drug provides a sustained protection against postoperative vomiting in more than 90 percent of patients," Dr. Tong Joo Gan, the Duke anesthesiologist who led the trial, said in a prepared statement.
		Gan said this is an important advance because, currently, one in three patients suffers nausea and vomiting after surgery.
		He said vomiting is an issue that "most physicians do not take seriously enough -- they see it as a short-term nuisance that will soon pass.
	www.digestivefacts.com /ms/news/528632/main.html (440 words)

	Vomiting But No Nausea (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Sorting through vomiting but no nausea references is for sure much easier than in the past.
		You had nausea and vomiting in a previous pregnancy.
		:: Nausea is the sensation of having an urge to vomit.
	www.sixsigmasuccess.info /5/vomiting-but-no-nausea.php (526 words)

	Treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting -- Tramèr 327 (7418): 762 -- BMJ
		postoperative nausea and vomiting, and she has wired jaws after
		VanWijk MGF, Smalhout B. A postoperative analysis of the patient's view of anaesthesia in a Netherlands' teaching hospital.
		Treatment of established postoperative nausea and vomiting: a quantitative systematic review.
	bmj.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/327/7418/762 (1165 words)

	Post-operative nausea and vomiting © Copyright Amdipharm Plc
		Post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is one of the most common side effects associated with surgical procedures.
		History of PONV or motion sickness. Such patients may have a lower threshold to nausea and vomiting than the rest of the population. Anxiety, due to a previous experience of PONV may add to the risk.
		Pain - relief of pain is often associated with the relief of nausea, though the use of opioid analgesics may exacerbate the risk because of their known emetic potential. However some patients may be willing to tolerate a degree of pain provided they are free of nausea and vomiting.
	www.nauseaandvomiting.co.uk /NAVRES001-3-PONV.htm (1230 words)

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