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Topic: Postsynaptic

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	Postsynaptic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A synapse is a connection between two neurons: presynaptic and postsynaptic.
		The first is usually the sender of a "signal" (which may be taken to be the chemicals it releases or the action potential that triggers this release), while the second is the receiver.
		Thus the word presynaptic means something related with the first neural cell, or just that part of a synapse that is in fact a part of this first neuron, whilst postsynaptic means something related to the second cell.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Postsynaptic (108 words)

	Excitatory postsynaptic potential - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In neuroscience, an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) is a temporary decrease in postsynaptic membrane potential caused by the flow of positively-charged ions into the postsynaptic cell.
		They are the opposite of inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs), which usually result from the flow of negative ions into the cell.
		Larger EPSPs result in greater membrane depolarization and thus increase the likelihood that the postsynaptic cell reaches the threshold for firing an action potential.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Excitatory_postsynaptic_potential (368 words)

	Inward rectifier K+ channel Kir2.3 is localized at the postsynaptic membrane of excitatory synapses -- Inanobe et al. ...
		at the postsynaptic membrane of the dendritic spines of granule
		on the postsynaptic membranes of asymmetric synapses in granule
		excitatory postsynaptic membrane of dendritic spines of granule
	ajpcell.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/282/6/C1396 (4352 words)

	Receptors, gephyrin and gephyrin-associated proteins: novel insights into the assembly of inhibitory postsynaptic ...
		This result indicates that the postsynaptic gephyrin matrices induced by different types of interneurons are not equivalent, thus corroborating the postulated existence of additional receptor-specific clustering factors in inhibitory nerve terminals (Kirsch and Betz, 1998).
		Gephyrin is depicted as a submembraneous protein scaffold that concentrates structural and membrane components at the postsynaptic membrane.
		Kirsch, J. and Betz, H. The postsynaptic localization of the glycine receptor-associated protein gephyrin is regulated by the cytoskeleton.
	jp.physoc.org /cgi/content/full/525/1/1 (5961 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Discs-large (DLG) is clustered by presynaptic innervation and regulates postsynaptic ...
		Although genetic evidence for MAGUK-dependent clustering of NMDA receptors is strongest, and consistent with a model wherein MAGUKs traffick NMDARs to the membrane [7,8], the evidence for scaffolding or trafficking of non-NMDA ionotropic glutamate receptors by MAGUKs is largely based on biochemical interactions and overexpression [9-12].
		Another complication is that DLG mutant larvae show dramatic underdevelopment of the subsynaptic reticulum (SSR), a dense infolding of postsynaptic membrane that appears during larval NMJ growth [16,17,19,24].
		As previously demonstrated [16-19], DLG is abundantly expressed throughout the postsynaptic membrane surrounding presynaptic motor axon terminals (aka 'boutons') (Fig.
	www.biomedcentral.com /1741-7007/3/1 (6236 words)

	Postsynaptic Application of a cAMP Analogue Reverses Long-Term Potentiation in Hippocampal CA1 Pyramidal Neurons -- ...
		Postsynaptic perfusion of active PKARS (25 U/µl) resulted in significantly larger depression of LTP than in experiments in which inactive PKARS (25 U/µl) was perfused.
		Involvement of a postsynaptic protein kinase A substrate in the expression of homosynaptic long-term depression.
		Postsynaptic protein kinase C essential to induction and maintenance of long-term potentiation in the hippocampal CA1 region.
	jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/87/6/3018 (7816 words)

	Postsynaptic Application of a Peptide Inhibitor of cAMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Blocks Expression of Long-Lasting ...
		C, Postsynaptic currents evoked by test stimulation after LTP induction (4 trains of 1 sec and 100 Hz separated by 5 min) were almost completely blocked by the glutamatergic antagonist DNQX and APV (average, 89%), whereas the remaining current was blocked by bicuculline.
		Activation of PKA in postsynaptic CA1 pyramidal neurons is sufficient to elicit persistent synaptic facilitation.
		We have shown that postsynaptic infusion of a cell-impermeant PKA inhibitor blocks the expression of long-lasting LTP.
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/full/23/4/1142 (6901 words)

	Nat' Academies Press, (NAS Colloquium) Links Between Recombination and Replication: Vital Roles of Recombination (2002)
		Heteroduplex DNA (hDNA) extension and branch migration occurs in the postsynaptic phase of the reaction (2).
		We term the postsynaptic phase in the three-strand DNA strand exchange reaction “hDNA extension,” and not branch migration as in some previous studies (2, 7, 39, 40).
		Branch migration is referred to as the postsynaptic phase in four-stranded reactions.
	www.nap.edu /openbook/030907424X/html/276.html (8049 words)

	Postsynaptic filopodia in muscle cells interact with innervating motoneuron axons - Nature Neuroscience (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Precise synaptogenesis is crucial to brain development, and depends on the ability of specific partner cells to locate and communicate with one another.
		Dynamic properties of axonal filopodia during synaptic targeting are well documented, but the cytomorphological dynamics of postsynaptic cells have received less attention.
		Thus, postsynaptic filopodia are capable of intimate interaction with innervating presynaptic axons.
	www.nature.com /neurolink/v3/n10/abs/nn1000_1012.html (236 words)

	Stanford Encyclopedia article
		At electrical synapses, the current generated by the action potential at the presynaptic neuron flows directly into the postsynaptic cell, which is physically connected to the presynaptic terminal by a so-called gap junction.
		At chemical synapses, there is a cleft between pre- and postsynaptic cell.
		The transmitter diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to receptors at the postsynaptic membrane, thus opening an ion channel (Kandel et al.
	www.quantumconsciousness.org /StanfordEncyclopediaarticle.htm (8846 words)

	THE CEREBRAL CODE by William H. Calvin (Glossary)
		neurotransmitter A molecule such as glutamate or acetylcholine that is released from an axon terminal (often by the arrival of an impulse), diffuses across a narrow extracellular space, and binds with a receptor on the surface of the postsynaptic cell.
		postsynaptic The postsynaptic neuron's dendrite receives neurotransmitter, rather in the manner of sniffing perfume, and changes the permeability of its membrane to certain ions, usually Na, Cl, or Ca in some combination.
		synapse The synapse is the junction between neurons across which communications flow, usually in the form of neurotransmitter molecules secreted by the presynaptic axon terminal that diffuse a short distance across the extracellular space (the synaptic cleft) to the postsynaptic neuron, on whose membrane are some receptor molecules to which the neurotransmitter molecules reversibly bind.
	www.williamcalvin.com /bk9/bk9gloss.htm (4450 words)

	Lu Chen
		At postsynaptic specializations, neurotransmitter receptors are clustered and tethered down by a large array of synaptic proteins.
		By focusing on the glutamate receptor family, we are attempting to understand the mechanisms of receptor targeting during synapse formation and plasticity.
		When transfected into non-neuronal cells, synaptic adhesion molecules (such as neuroligin) are able to induce morphological and functional presynaptic differentiation and form a synapse-like structure with passing axons from co-cultured pontine explants.
	mcb.berkeley.edu /faculty/NEU/chenl.html (644 words)

	Postsynaptic Inhibitors of Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type II Block Induction But Not Maintenance of ...
		Although there is general agreement that postsynaptic kinases are involved in LTP induction, their exact role remains unclear.
		Reymann KG, Davies SN, Matthies H, Kase H, Collingridge GL (1990) Activation of K-252b-sensitive protein kinase is necessary for a postsynaptic phase of long-term potentiation in area CA1 of rat hippocampus.
		Wang JH, Feng DP (1992) Postsynaptic protein kinase C essential to induction and maintenance of long-term potentiation in the hippocampal CA1 region.
	www.neuroscience.org /cgi/content/full/17/14/5357 (6679 words)

	Human protein: P78352 - Postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95) (Synapse-associated protein 90) (SAP90) (Discs large ...
		Human postsynaptic density-95 (PSD95): location of the gene (DLG4) and possible function in nonneural as well as in neural tissues.
		Postsynaptic targeting of alternative postsynaptic density-95 isoforms by distinct mechanisms.
		Palmitoylation of isoform 1 is required for targeting to postsynaptic density (By similarity).
	harvester.embl.de /harvester/P783/P78352.htm (1105 words)

	Pre- and postsynaptic inhibition by nociceptin in guinea pig small intestinal myenteric plexus in vitro -- Liu et al. ...
		Pre- and postsynaptic inhibition by nociceptin in guinea pig small intestinal myenteric plexus in vitro -- Liu et al.
		Pre- and postsynaptic inhibition by nociceptin in guinea pig small intestinal myenteric plexus in vitro
		postsynaptic potentials in 25 of 30 neurons (EC nM) and slow synaptic excitation in 38 of 45 neurons (EC ± 1.6 nM).
	ajpgi.physiology.org /cgi/content/abstract/281/1/G237 (199 words)

	Mismatched appositions of presynaptic and postsynaptic components in isolated hippocampal neurons. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Mismatched appositions of presynaptic and postsynaptic components in isolated hippocampal neurons.
		Furthermore, inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic components were segregated into separate clusters in isolated cells and apposed to separate boutons of a single axon.
		To determine whether presynaptic input is necessary for postsynaptic differentiation, we isolated hippocampal neurons in microisland culture and thus deprived pyramidal cells of GABA input and GABAergic neurons of glutamate input.
	www.pdg.cnb.uam.es /UniPub/iHOP/gp/8630372.html (230 words)

	Pre- and Postsynaptic Inhibitory Actions of Methionine-Enkephalin on Identified Bulbospinal Neurons of the Rat RVL -- ...
		Pre- and Postsynaptic Inhibitory Actions of Methionine-Enkephalin on Identified Bulbospinal Neurons of the Rat RVL
		Tetrodotoxin (TTX)-resistant miniature excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs and mIPSCs) could be distinguished by their pharmacological properties and their kinetics.
		Postsynaptic inhibition by opioids of C1 and non-C1 bulbospinal neurons
	jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/80/4/2003 (6834 words)

	Combined pre- and postsynaptic action of IgG antibodies in Miller Fisher syndrome -- Buchwald et al. 56 (1): 67 -- ...
		Amplitude distribution of quantal excitatory postsynaptic currents (qEPSC) before, during, and after application of the Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS) immunoglobulin G (IgG).
		Buchwald B, Weishaupt A, Toyka KV, Dudel J. Pre- and postsynaptic blockade of neuromuscular transmission by Miller–Fisher syndrome IgG at mouse motor nerve terminals.
		Adaption of quantal content to decreased postsynaptic sensitivity at single endplates in alpha bungarotoxin-treated rats.
	www.neurology.org /cgi/content/full/56/1/67 (3867 words)

	IQ Encyclopedia, Psychology Definitions
		Closely related and overlapping fields, besides cognitive neuroscience, include neurology, psychopharmacology, aphasiology, neurolinguistics, and several others.
		Neurotransmitters are chemicals that are used to relay, amplify and modulate electrical signals between two neurons: the presynaptic neuron and the postsynaptic neuron.
		Philosophy of mind is the philosophical study of the nature of the mind, mental events, mental functions, and consciousness.
	www.iq-testing-online.com /encyclopedia.html (713 words)

	Concordant Pre- and Postsynaptic Deficits of Dopaminergic Neurotransmission in Neurologic Wilson Disease -- Barthel et ...
		Concordant Pre- and Postsynaptic Deficits of Dopaminergic Neurotransmission in Neurologic Wilson Disease -- Barthel et al.
		Concordant Pre- and Postsynaptic Deficits of Dopaminergic Neurotransmission in Neurologic Wilson Disease
		and postsynaptic dopaminergic deficits in neurologic WD is copper
	www.ajnr.org /cgi/content/full/24/2/234 (2465 words)

	Postsynaptic enhancement by motilin of muscarinic receptor cation currents in duodenal smooth muscle -- Yamada et al. ...
		Postsynaptic enhancement by motilin of muscarinic receptor cation currents in duodenal smooth muscle -- Yamada et al.
		Postsynaptic enhancement by motilin of muscarinic receptor cation currents in duodenal smooth muscle
		We have investigated a potential role of motilin in amplifying the postsynaptic muscarinic responses in the rabbit duodenal
	ajpgi.physiology.org /cgi/content/abstract/274/3/G487 (270 words)

	Desensitization of Postsynaptic Glutamate Receptors Contributes to High-Frequency Homosynaptic Depression of Aplysia ...
		Desensitization of Postsynaptic Glutamate Receptors Contributes to High-Frequency Homosynaptic Depression of Aplysia Sensorimotor Connections -- Antzoulatos et al.
		Isaacson, J.S. and Walmsley, B. Amplitude and time course of spontaneous and evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents in bushy cells of the anteroventral cochlear nucleus.
		Trudeau, L.E. and Castellucci, V.F. Postsynaptic modifications in long-term facilitation in Aplysia: Upregulation of excitatory amino acid receptors.
	www.learnmem.org /cgi/content/full/10/5/309 (3523 words)

	Inward rectifier K+ channel Kir2.3 is localized at the postsynaptic membrane of excitatory synapses -- Inanobe et al. ...
		Inward rectifier K+ channel Kir2.3 is localized at the postsynaptic membrane of excitatory synapses -- Inanobe et al.
		channel Kir2.3 is localized at the postsynaptic membrane of excitatory synapses
		postsynaptic membrane of asymmetric synapses between granule cells
	ajpcell.physiology.org /cgi/content/abstract/282/6/C1396 (240 words)

	NEUROSCIENCE : David Bredt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Neurons take in vast amounts of chemical information at their postsynaptic termini, and a central question is how this complex array of inputs is correctly processed.
		Transmission at these excitatory synapses is mediated primarily by glutamate acting on two classes of ligand gated ion channels: AMPA receptors and NMDA receptors.
		Craven-S-E. Alaa E. El-Husseini-A-E. and Bredt-D-S. Synaptic targeting of the postsynaptic density protein PSD-95 mediated by lipid and protein motifs Neuron 1999 22: 497-509.
	www.ucsf.edu /neurosc/faculty/neuro_bredt.html (438 words)

	Combined pre- and postsynaptic action of IgG antibodies in Miller Fisher syndrome -- Buchwald et al. 56 (1): 67 -- ...
		Combined pre- and postsynaptic action of IgG antibodies in Miller Fisher syndrome -- Buchwald et al.
		Combined pre- and postsynaptic action of IgG antibodies in Miller Fisher syndrome
		postsynaptic blockade and may play a pathogenic role in acute
	www.neurology.org /cgi/content/abstract/56/1/67 (303 words)

	The postsynaptic density and dendritic raft localization of PSD-Zip70, which contains an N-myristoylation sequence and ...
		PSD and the postsynaptic membrane in excitatory asymmetric synapses
		the PSD and the postsynaptic membrane, N-lauroyl sarcosinate
		in the postsynaptic region of the neuromuscular junction have
	jcs.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/115/23/4695 (6472 words)

	Synaptotagmins are trafficked to distinct subcellular domains including the postsynaptic compartment -- Adolfsen et al. ...
		Synaptotagmins are trafficked to distinct subcellular domains including the postsynaptic compartment -- Adolfsen et al.
		In contrast to Syt 1 staining, which labels synaptic vesicles localized within anti-HRP labeling of the presynaptic membrane, Syt 4 immunoreactivity is found in punctate clusters localized postsynaptically outside of anti-HRP labeling.
		Confocal optical sections through a labeled third instar NMJ are shown in two axes: parallel to the body wall (X-Y; A) and perpendicular to the body wall and longitudinal (X-Z; B).
	www.jcb.org /cgi/content/full/166/2/249 (6698 words)

	N-[2-[4-(2-Methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl]-N-(2-nitrophenyl) Cyclohexanecarboxamide: A Novel Pre- and Postsynaptic ...
		The in vivo antagonistic activity on pre- and postsynaptic 5-HT receptors was evaluated as antagonism of hypothermia induced
		Guarneri L, Angelico P, Velasco C, Leonardi A and Testa R (2000) Rec 15/3079 a novel pre and postsynaptic 5-HT receptor antagonist active on the lower urinary tract.
		Guarneri L, Ibba M, Angelico P, Colombo D, Fredella B and Testa R (1993) Effects of drugs used in the therapy of detrusor hyperactivity on the volume-induced contractions of the rat urinary bladder.
	jpet.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/299/3/1027 (6795 words)

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