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	Roman Emperors - DIR Postumus
		Postumus is the first emperor of the so-called "Gallic empire", which lasted from his rebellion against Gallienus in 260 AD to the surrender of Tetricus I to the central emperor Aurelian in 274 AD.
		While Postumus had distributed the booty to his men, the praetorian prefect Silvanus ordered him to surrender the booty to himself and the Caesar Saloninus, the son of Gallienus, whom his father had left behind as his representative in the town of Cologne, under the guardianship of Silvanus.
		But while the coinage of Postumus of the years 267-268 underlined the peace and prosperity brought to his reign by the guiding hand of the emperor, the sudden deterioration of his billon coinage in 268 AD shows that Postumus was facing more and more difficulties.
	www.roman-emperors.org /postumus.htm (1924 words)

	Gallic empire
		When he was slain, Postumus was gladly accepted by the entire army and by all the Gauls, and for seven years he performed such exploits that he completely restored the provinces of Gaul, while Gallienus spent his time in debauchery and taverns and grew weak in loving a barbarian woman.
		Postumus was not the guardian of Saloninus; he obtained the throne in a different way; reigned longer than seven years; and was not killed at the instigation of Lollianus - whose real name, by the way, was Laelianus.
		Postumus was a capable commander, and somewhere near the shrine of Hercules Magusanus at Empel, he defeated the invaders.
	www.livius.org /ga-gh/gallic_empire/gallic_empire.html (2125 words)

	Postumus Information
		Marcus Cassianius Latinius Postumus was emperor of the Gallic Empire from 259 to 268.
		Amid the chaos of an invasion by the Alamanni and Franks, Postumus was declared emperor.
		Postumus, one of Gallienus usurpers, was himself challenged by a usurper in 268.
	www.bookrags.com /Postumus (505 words)

	Postumus
		Amid the chaos of an invasion by the Alemanni and Franks, Postumus was declared emperor.
		Postumus, a usurper of Gallienus, was himself challenged by a usurper in 268.
		Following the death of Postumus, the his empire lost control of Britain and Spain, and the shrunken remains of the Gallic Empire were inherited by Marius[?].
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/po/Postumus.html (503 words)

	The Gallic Empire
		Marcus Cassianius Latinius Postumus probably was a Gaul (from the tribe of the Batavians), though his age and birthplace are unknown.
		Postumus now declared himself emperor and was recognized not only by his own German troops but so too by those of Gaul, Spain and Britain - even the province of Raetia sided with him.
		Postumus was close by, at Augusta Trevivorum, and acted immediately.
	www.roman-empire.net /decline/gallic.html (1295 words)

	Roman Emperors - DIR Laelian
		A strong argument in favor of this hypothesis is the fact that the literary sources clearly show his revolt to be centered on Moguntiacum (Mainz), the provincial capital of Upper Germany [[6]].
		If at the moment of his revolt against Postumus, Laelianus was indeed governor of Germania Superior, he would thus have commanded the loyalty of Legio XXII Primigenia at his provincial capital and possibly also that of Legio VIII Augusta at Argentorate (Strasbourg).
		In any case, Laelianus' attempt to seize power is best understood in the light of the growing political and military difficulties which Postumus had to face and, especially, the dissatisfaction of the troops on the Rhine frontier with their emperor [[7]].
	www.roman-emperors.org /laelianu.htm (976 words)

	(121) Postumus
		When Gallienus' father and co-emperor, Valerian, was captured by the Persians at Edessa, the obscure Marcus Cassianus Latinius Postumus, in charge of a force on the Rhine, was acclaimed Augustus by his troops.
		Postumus employed excellent die-cutters, and they developed a series of fine, boldly individualized portraits.
		This aureus celebrates the fifth anniversary of his reign in A.D. Postumus, who identified himself with Hercules and who is described by his admiring biographer, Trebellius Pollio, as a dashing character, is shown with an elaborate crested helmet, his upturned nose giving him a somewhat foreign and impetuous look.
	www.lawrence.edu /dept/art/buerger/catalogue/121.html (206 words)

	Postumus at AllExperts
		Marcus Cassianius Latinius Postumus was emperor of the Gallic Empire from 259 to 268.
		Amid the chaos of an invasion by the Alamanni and Franks, Postumus was declared emperor.
		Postumus, one of Gallienus usurpers, was himself challenged by a usurper in 268.
	en.allexperts.com /e/p/po/postumus.htm (606 words)

	Postumus
		Postumus remained Gallienus's nemesis for most of his reign and, with the aid of the traitor Aureolus, his eventual killer.
		Because Postumus was in command of the military, Saloninus had little to defend him except for his title and official recognition.
		Postumus had himself named emperor and captured and executed Saloninus sealing his fate with the rest of the empire.
	www.dirtyoldcoins.com /natto/id/postumus.htm (1814 words)

	Postumus Friesianorum
		"Postumus Friesianorum" can translate as "the Last of the Friesians," which I hope is not true, but bids fair to be so, at least in the United States.
		"Postumus" can also mean, as it does in English (as "posthumous"), a child born after the death of its father.
		Since Leonard Nelson and Julius Kraft died well before I knew anything about the Friesian School, or, in Nelson's case, before I was even born, and they seem to me to be the last people willing to defend Kant-Friesian epistemological and metaphysical principles, I could well regard myself as their "posthumous" progeny.
	www.friesian.com /ross/post.htm (271 words)

	Postumus (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Whether Marcus Cassianus Latinius Postumus and his successors are considered usurpers against the legitimate Roman Emperor or the saviors of the Roman way of life against German encroachment is a matter of opinion.
		Postumus was declared Augustus and established an independent state in Gaul, Britain and Spain.
		Coin of Postumus were produced at three mints: Cologne, Milan (under Aureolus) and the main mint of the early years which RIC assigns to Lugdunum.
	dougsmith.ancients.info /feac40pos.html (640 words)

	[No title]
		The reverse designs encountered on the bronze coins of Postumus, sestertii and double sestertii, often mirror the base silver antoninianus coinage and thus it is reasonable to conclude that the similar types are of comparable date.
		Excluding 'medallic' issues connected with the quinquennalia of c.264, the third consulate of 267 and the decennalia of 269 the main bronze coinage issues from the official mint cease with the rare coinage proclaiming the third Gallic consulship (thus approximating to 262).
		What is a feature of the large bronze coinage of Postumus is the large number of coins which appear to be of a somewhat barbarous nature in terms of the die engraving.
	members.lycos.co.uk /nomisma/post_bronze/pos_bronze.html (462 words)

	AllRefer.com - Postumus (Ancient History, Rome, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Postumus (Marcus Cassianius Latinius Postumus)[pos´tyOOmus] Pronunciation Key, d.
		Although defeated (263) by Gallienus, Postumus escaped and continued to maintain his state until murdered by his own men.
		Postumus' measures weakened the authority of Rome, but in a sense he saved the West by creating a strong state that was able to check the barbarians.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/P/Postumus.html (172 words)

	Postumus - Encyclopedia.com
		Although defeated (263) by Gallienus, Postumus escaped and continued to maintain his state until murdered by his own men.
		Postumus' measures weakened the authority of Rome, but in a sense he saved the West by creating a strong state that was able to check the barbarians.
		Postumus, a Roman commander, was its first ruler.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-Postumus.html (949 words)

	Lycos Suche: cassianius+latinius+postumus
		Marcus Cassianius Latinius Postumus * unbekannt + Mitte 269 in...
		Marcus Cassianius Latinius Postumus wurde an unbekanntem Ort...
		Marcus Cassianius Latinius Postumus was emperor of the Gallic Empire from 259 to...
	www.lycos.de /cgi-bin/pursuit?query=cassianius%2Blatinius%2Bpostumus (205 words)

	Postumus
		Postumus richtete die Residenz des abgefallenen in Köln ein mit einem eigenen Senat Konsuln und Prätorianergarde.
		Postumus' Münzen waren von besserer und höherem Metallgehalt als die von Gallienus.
		Postumus selbst ein Usurpator wurde 268 von einem weiteren Usurpator angegriffen: Laelianus einer von Postumus' höchsten militärischen Führern in Mainz von regionalen Truppenverbänden zum Kaiser ausgerufen.
	www.uni-protokolle.de /Lexikon/Postumus.html (486 words)

	Counterfeit sestertii with an effigy of Postumus at Parville (Eure) Communique - INRAP
		Counterfeit sestertii with an effigy of Postumus at Parville (Eure) Communique - INRAP
		Counterfeit sestertii with an effigy of Postumus at Parville (Eure)
		The monetary policy of Postumus, which imposed a double sestertius weighing only slightly more than the ancient sestertius, proved to be a failure that led to the development of semi-clandestine counterfeiting in Gaul.
	www.inrap.fr /site/en/page.php?id=60&p=&id_communique=116 (555 words)

	Agrippa Postumus (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Agrippa was called Postumus because he was born after the death of his father, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, the youngest grandson of Augustus.
		In 4 CE, after the death of Gaius Caesar, Augustus finally adopted Agrippa Postumus along with Tiberius, but in less than two year the emperor had disinherited and banished Agrippa for reasons that are not known to modern historians.
		Agrippa Postumus was killed by a centurion immediately after the death of Augustus in 14 CE on orders from Rome, but it is impossible to prove who actually issued the orders.
	www.cnr.edu /home/sas/araia/agrippapostumus.html (125 words)

	Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2002.04.12
		The development of Postumus' apparent Volaterran Etruscan connections and his Campanian connections, is persuasive and explains many points in Cicero's speech in passing (most notably the reference to Postumus' assistance to his own father, whom Cicero had claimed he had never seen with his own eyes).
		Postumus' rise from trader/financier to important political figure with connections to all triumvirs is outlined in cogent detail on pp.
		Had the king shown himself honest, Postumus would have been a monument of sagacity; as the king has deceived him, he is pronounced the greatest of fools; in fact, it appears that wisdom to-day has come to be nothing more than guess-work.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /bmcr/2002/2002-04-12.html (2088 words)

	Detail Page
		Born to an obscure family in Gaul, Postumus rose through the ranks to be appointed by Emperor Valerian as commanding general of the Gallic and Germanic frontiers, with control over the legions of Germania Inferior and Superior.
		Postumus was to work in cooperation with the young prince's preceptor, Silvanus.
		Ironically, the inroads of the Germanic tribes gave Postumus a chance to solidify his hold over the West, for each victory brought further support from the populace.
	www.fofweb.com /Onfiles/Ancient/AncientDetail.asp?iPin=ROME1359 (310 words)

	Juvenal Satire 6
		Postumus was once the randiest man about town who is looking for a wife with conservative moral values.
		If Postumus marries she will be the one in control of the financial matters, friend and even lifelong companions.
		Postumus’ intended is a witch claims Juvenal (she makes Thessalian love philtres - witches came from Thessaly in ancient thought) Such magic spells cast by his intended have befuddled the wits of the husband and he can’t even remember what he’s doing!
	www.angelfire.com /art/archictecture/articles/juv6.htm (4249 words)

	Third-Century Crisis - Gallic Empire - Postumus (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Postumus, a man of extremely insignificant family, assumed the purple in Gaul and for Trebellius Pollio insists it was seven years.');" onmouseout="nd();">ten years ruled in such a way that he restored the provinces which had almost been ruined, by means of his great vigour and restrained government."
		Gallienus appears to have mounted a couple of campaigns against Postumus (the suggested date is 265), with mixed success, but failed to dislodge him.
		Although he restrained himself at the beginning, he forcibly violated very many women and after a reign of two years, when he forced his attentions on the wife of Attitianus and she informed her husband of the outrage, the soldiers were secretly incited and he was killed at Cologne in a mutiny...
	www.stephen.j.murray.btinternet.co.uk /empires1.htm (2771 words)

	[No title]
		Postumus enumerates Consulships II, III, IIII and V on his coinage.
		Postumus' COS II coins, although early, don't begin straight away and there is no plausible COS I type amongst the known coins.
		Censor and Lepidus are known from a number of inscriptions including the magnificent one from the bath house at Lancaster, erected by Octavius Sabinus and Flavius Ammausius of the Sebossian cavalry auxiliary, "the Postumian".
	members.lycos.co.uk /nomisma/consul/consul.html (851 words)

	TRIO: veni, vici, tv. (Site not responding. Last check: )
		It is obvious that Postumus must mend his ways if he is to succeed Augustus to the throne.
		In his own defense, Postumus accuses Livia of hatching the plot with Livilla so that nothing can come between her and her precious son, Tiberius.
		As he is led away, Postumus escapes his captors and breaks in to Claudius' study.
	www.triotv.com /iclaudius/episode4.html (847 words)

	Roman Coin Project
		Postumus seems to have been a very successful military commander up to the establishment of the Gallic Empire (Drinkwater 24).
		In 263 or 264 (the historical record is unclear), Gallienus proceeded against Postumus in an attempt to recover the Gallic provinces and to avenge his son's death (Sinnigen and Boak 392; Drinkwater 30).
		Twice Postumus was on the verge of defeat and twice he escaped.
	www.virginia.edu /artmuseum/VirtualExhibitions/Coins/gallic_empire.html (1183 words)

	Postumus (A.D. 260-269)
		Postumus (A.D. Cassianius Latinius Postumus was of humble origin.
		Postumus became a soldier of great merit and was appointed commander of the Rhine legions by Valerian.
		Ulpius Cornelius Laelianus rebelled against Postumus, and although the usurper was quickly attacked and destroyed, the refusal of Postumus to allow his troops to sack Moguntiacum (Mainz), which had supported the rebel, led to his own assassination.
	www.parthia.com /rome_postumus.htm (201 words)

	Columbia Encyclopedia- Postumus - AOL Research & Learn
		Although defeated (263) by Gallienus, Postumus escaped and continued to maintain his state until murdered by his own men.
		Postumus' measures weakened the authority of Rome, but in a sense he saved the West by creating a strong state that was able to check the barbarians.
		To mark the Hubble Telescope's 17th anniversary, astronomers released this new image of the Carina Nebula, where stars are being born.
	reference.aol.com /columbia/_a/postumus/20051207015809990003 (103 words)

	gallic
		The achievement of Postumus was that although this trend continued in the central empire controlled by Gallienus, at first this decline was halted in the Gallic Empire.
		The antoninianus of Postumus remained recognisable as a silver coin until late in his reign but thereafter the collapse of the Gallic coinage was dramatic, ending with antoniniani which were virtually copper, with just the faintest silver wash to maintain the illusion of it being a silver coin, light in weight and poorly struck.
		Throughout his varied and interesting coinage Postumus is shown with a flowing beard and curled hair, remarkably different from his predecessors and a stark contrast to the close-cropped hair and beard of the military emperors that followed.
	www.kenelks.co.uk /coins/gallic/gallic.htm (4879 words)

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