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Topic: Postural asphyxia


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  Asphyxia
Asphyxia can literally be translated from the Greek as meaning 'absence of pulse', but is usually the term given to deaths due to 'anoxia' or 'hypoxia'.
Postural asphyxia is a related condition, recently coming to the fore due to interest in deaths in police custardy etc, and may involve splinting of the diaphragm during restraint, coupled with the additional requirements for oxygen during a struggle.
When oxygen is not able to reach the lungs because of external occlusion of the mouth and/ or nose, or the airway at the level of the larynx is obstructed (eg by a bolus of food), the cause of the asphyxial death is 'obstruction of the airways'.
www.forensicmed.co.uk /asphyxia.htm   (937 words)

  
 Positional asphyxia
Positional asphyxia, also known as postural asphyxia, is a form of asphyxia which occurs when someone's position prevents them from breathing adequately.
Positional asphyxia is a potential danger of many physical restraint techniques, and of some sexual bondage techniques.
People may die from positional asphyxia by simply getting themselves into a breathing-restricted position they cannot get out of, either though carelessness or as a consequence of another accident.
www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/po/Positional_asphyxia.html   (79 words)

  
 Salon | Death in custody from "excited delirium"?
He maintains that hogtying is perfectly safe and dismisses positional asphyxia as a myth, pointing to a study in the Annals of Emergency Medicine.
Garcia died of suffocation and positional asphyxia soon thereafter.
A 1995 study by the ACLU examined 26 known deaths of people who had been pepper-sprayed and found several common denominators: alcohol and drugs were involved in 24 of the 26 cases; two suffered from acute psychiatric disorders; and in 14 of the 26 cases, the victims had been hogtied by police.
www.salon.com /health/feature/1999/09/29/excited_delirium/print.html   (1492 words)

  
 Positional asphyxia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Positional asphyxia may be a factor in some of these deaths.
People may die from positional asphyxia by simply getting themselves into a breathing-restricted position they cannot get out of, either through carelessness or as a consequence of another accident.
Small children under two are particularly at risk from positional asphyxia.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Positional_asphyxia   (329 words)

  
 Cerebral Palsy: Encyclopedia of Children's Health
Cerebral palsy (CP) is the term used for a group of nonprogressive disorders of movement and posture caused by abnormal development of, or damage to, motor control centers of the brain.
Birth asphyxia that is significant enough to result in CP is uncommon in developed countries.
Spasticity, muscle weakness, coordination, ataxia, and scoliosis are all significant impairments that affect the posture and mobility of children and adults with CP.
health.enotes.com /childrens-health-encyclopedia/cerebral-palsy   (4062 words)

  
 Positional asphyxia - Definition, explanation
Positional asphyxia, also known as postural asphyxia, is a form of asphyxia which occurs when someone's position prevents them from breathing adequately.
Positional asphyxia is a potential danger of many physical restraint techniques, and of some sexual bondage techniques.
People may die from positional asphyxia by simply getting themselves into a breathing-restricted position they cannot get out of, either through carelessness or as a consequence of another accident.
www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/p/po/positional_asphyxia.php   (264 words)

  
 Autoerotic fatality - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Autoerotic fatalities are deaths caused by unusual and risky solitary sexual practices such as self-bondage and autoerotic asphyxia.
The most common causes of death in autoerotic fatalities are strangulation and postural asphyxia, but autoerotic deaths have also resulted by many other mechanisms, including electrocution, sepsis after bowel perforation, crushing, and accidental self-impalement.
According to one estimate, there are 500 to 1000 autoerotic deaths every year in the United States.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Autoerotic_fatality   (209 words)

  
 Postural Asphyxia as a Cause of Death in Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
Postural Asphyxia as a Cause of Death in Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
Many investigators have considered the possible role of asphyxia in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).
Author Simson LR Jr, Brantley RE Title Postural Asphyxia as a Cause of Death in Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Symposium, Committee on
journalsip.astm.org /JOURNALS/FORENSIC/PAGES/5862.htm   (176 words)

  
 Search: asphyxia - FOX News   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
Asphyxia can literally be translated from the Greek as meaning 'absence of pulse', but is usually the term...
Asphyxia is the lack of oxygen that results when breathing is stopped or seriously disrupt...
asphyxia is a general term used to describe inadequate intake of oxygen by the baby during the birth process - before, during, or just after bi...
search.foxnews.com /_1_22G6TDN041DMLEP__info.foxnws/search/web/asphyxia   (652 words)

  
 NCJRS Abstract - National Criminal Justice Reference Service
Asphyxia is a broad term that refers to a variety of conditions that result in interference with the uptake or use of oxygen.
A third major mechanism of asphyxia is compression of the chest, which interferes with respiratory movements.
The fourth major mechanism of asphyxia is exclusion of oxygen due to depletion and replacement by another gas or as a result of chemical interference with its uptake and use.
www.ncjrs.gov /app/publications/Abstract.aspx?id=235667   (390 words)

  
 Hogtie - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
The hogtie used on pigs and cattle has the limbs tied in front.
It should be noted that there is a risk of postural asphyxia in this position, in addition to the normal risks of restraint.
A very nasty, and very lethal form of hogtie was and is used as a form of torture: The hands are tied behind the back and the feet are tied together, with one end of the rope around the victims neck.
www.encyclopedia-online.info /Hogtie   (266 words)

  
 An Autopsy on the Man of the Shroud
With this information available to him, the forensic pathologist can come to a reasonable conclusion as to the circumstances of death, including the posture of the deceased at the time the injuries were incurred.
The position of the puncture defects in the wrist, coupled with the blood flow towards the elbows, and also associated with the punctures of the feet, permit the pathologist to conclude that the victim was in an upright position with his arms extended when the blood flow took place.
The wound in the right side, since is comprised of both blood and non-blood components, suggests to the forensic pathologist that the puncturing instrument released a watery type fluid from the body cavities as well as blood from the heart area.
www.shroud.com /bucklin.htm   (1772 words)

  
 Journal of Emergency Primary Health Care   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
Asphyxia occurs when either airway or ventilation are compromised thus resulting in alveolar hypoxia and hypercapnia.[3] When oxygen supply and demand have been disrupted cellular hypoxia occurs.[3] Consequently respiratory and metabolic acidosis develops.
The retention of carbon dioxide is the cause of respiratory acidosis with an increase in Pco2.
Asphyxia causes [cerebral hypoxia], unconsciousness can occur within ten seconds when adequate cerebral oxygen is depleted.
www.jephc.com /full_article.cfm?content_id=185   (2772 words)

  
 Physical restraint - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For these and many other reasons, extreme caution is needed in the use of physical restraint.
Gagging a restrained person is highly risky, as it involves a substantial risk of asphyxia, both from the gag itself, and also from choking or vomiting and being unable to clear the airway.
In practice, simple gags do not restrict communication much; however, this means that gags that are effective enough to prevent communication are generally also potentially effective at restricting breathing.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Physical_restraint   (301 words)

  
 An Autopsy on the Man of the Shroud
With this information available to him, the forensic pathologist can come to a reasonable conclusion as to the circumstances of death, including the posture of the deceased at the time the injuries were incurred.
The position of the puncture defects in the wrist, coupled with the blood flow towards the elbows, and also associated with the punctures of the feet, permit the pathologist to conclude that the victim was in an upright position with his arms extended when the blood flow took place.
The wound in the right side, since is comprised of both blood and non-blood components, suggests to the forensic pathologist that the puncturing instrument released a watery type fluid from the body cavities as well as blood from the heart area.
shroud.com /bucklin.htm   (1772 words)

  
 Custody Restraint Asphyxia Letter to the Editor
The so-called positional asphyxia used synonymously with postural asphyxia in these circumstances may be a myth and should be treated with caution.
A better term for these deaths is restraint asphyxia, which would take into account the deliberate action of a third party and absence of any significant cardiac or other cause of death.
It is impossible to prove at necropsy a hypothesis that in a frightful situation the sudden epinephrine (adrenaline) rush with associated biochemical disturbance sensitizes the heart and causes fatal cardiac arrhythmia.
www.charlydmiller.com /LIB05/2000JUNEletter.html   (901 words)

  
 Revista especializada en Ciencias Forenses
The mechanism or manner in which death ocurred arises the question of whether the security systems that the establishment has in the hospital-type beds is adequate: the corpse was discovered in bed, hanging head down and attached to the safety belt by the abdomen.
The medical-legal autopsy revealed the existence of signs compatible with a death caused by acute respiratory insufficiency or asphyxia, which, together with the position the body was found in, the absence of toxic substances and of a pathology explaining by itself a sudden death, lead to think in a positional or postural asphyxia.
In this manner, it will be possible to establish which is the most likely cause of the death and its medical-legal ethiology through the associated factors, as well as to propose measures for the prevention of deaths in persons who are hospitalized and/or being watched over.
www.cica.es /aliens/amfa/cuadernos/revistas/2001/en/en_revista2001-26.html   (6032 words)

  
 Postural asphyxia - Wipipedia
Positional asphyxia may be a factor in many of these deaths.
Positional asphyxia is a potential danger of many physical restraint techniques, and of some bondage techniques.
Research has suggested that restraining a person in a face down position is likely to cause greater restriction of breathing than restraining a person face up.
www.londonfetishscene.com /wipi/index.php/Postural_asphyxia   (233 words)

  
 Positional asphyxia
Positional asphyxia may be a factor in many of these deaths.
Some researchers report that the effects of restraint on oxygen levels is limited, and that other factors must be present to explain sudden deaths during restraint.
asphyxia bush de escalation positional restrain restrained restraining restraint
www.mrsci.com /Medical-Emergencies/Positional_asphyxia.php   (244 words)

  
 Digital asphyxia   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
Postural asphyxia is being conducted on asphyxia inability to consult the heart had devised a milsom I. Ed sinclair jc and bracken.
Traumatic asphyxiation this presentation is the term for lack of oxygen.
Traumatic asphyxiation this therapy is pure asphyxia is controversial.
asphyxia.greatbo.net /digital-asphyxia.html   (388 words)

  
 Negligent homicide by traumatic asphyxia
In the pathophysiology of traumatic asphyxia according to Perthes [7], reflexive closure of the epiglottis with simultaneous tension of the abdominal muscle has been found to be a very important mechanism for increasing the intrathoracic pressure along with the subsequent findings.
The following are examples of cases where traumatic asphyxia is known to occur: landslide or avalanche, collapse of stones in mines, haystack falling in a silo or sand from a hopper, falling timber or masonry, and crushing by other bodies in a panicked crowd.
All "restraint asphyxia" requires is that an individual dies as a result of being in a position that prevents adequate breathing, that RESTRAINT was the reason for the individual's inability to escape the asphyxiating position, and that there are no other medical or traumatic findings that could have (by themselves) caused death.
www.charlydmiller.com /LIB04/2004negligenthomicide.html   (2496 words)

  
 Salon | Death in custody from "excited delirium"?
This view is shared by his colleague, assistant medical examiner Dr. Steve Karch, who has just returned from addressing the conference on drugs, restraint and postural asphyxia.
He maintains that hogtying is perfectly safe and dismisses positional asphyxia as a myth, pointing to a study in the Annals of Emergency Medicine.
A 1995 study by the ACLU examined 26 known deaths of people who had been pepper-sprayed and found several common denominators: alcohol and drugs were involved in 24 of the 26 cases; two suffered from acute psychiatric disorders; and in 14 of the 26 cases, the victims had been hogtied by police.
archive.salon.com /health/feature/1999/09/29/excited_delirium/print.html   (1492 words)

  
 Violence at Work .co.uk - The Aim   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
Restraint asphyxia has been associated with a number of deaths where staff have employed some means of "hands on" technique to physically restrict a person' s freedom of movement, (Paterson, B et al 1998).
Paterson, B, et al 1998 state that staff must pay attention to preventing the possibility of positional asphyxia and move the person away from the prone position as soon as it is considered safe.
However, the study uses healthy subjects, who are not obese, who are not under the stress of fear or anger, who are not receiving anti psychotic drugs and who exerted themselves to a level carefully chosen for safety.
www.aegis-training.com /violenceatwork/pages/c&r.htm   (9093 words)

  
 Positional asphyxia
Factors which may increase dangers of restraint asphyxia include: obesity; enlarged heart; alcohol and drug use or other things that impede the ability to breathe including, for example, the presence of chemical agents.
Guidelines to minimize the risk of positional asphyxia include restraining a person other than laying them on their stomach and monitoring the restrained person’s breathing and health.
Positional Asphyxia:- in which the free action of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles is compromised, thereby causing hypoxia, disturbed heart rhythm and death.
www.grometsplaza.net /packaged/positional_asphyxia.html   (1161 words)

  
 Guardian | Police officers cleared of manslaughter
The CPS was forced to reconsider after Mr O'Brien's family took the case to the high court for judicial review.
The Old Bailey jury, on the order of the judge, Mr Justice Astill, was not told of the inquest verdict or of the pathologist's report that Mr O'Brien had died of "postural asphyxia following a struggle against restraint."
Metropolitan police training guidelines into how to restrain prisoners was changed to include the dangers of postural asphyxia in 1995.
www.guardian.co.uk /print/0,3858,3887956-103502,00.html   (553 words)

  
 Private Investigator | Asphyxia and Drowning: An Atlas | Jay Dix | Investigative Books
The PI Magazine Bookstore is proud to offer investigators the Asphyxia and Drowning: An Atlas.
Asphyxia and Drowning serves as a basic framework for an extensive pictorial representation of findings associated with these types of deaths.
It helps the reader to gain a better understanding of the processes leading to asphyxiation, to recognize the associated physical findings, and better appreciate the difficulties in evaluating asphyxiation deaths.
www.pimagazine.com /books/asphyxia_and_drowning.html   (140 words)

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