Potassium-argon dating

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Topic: Potassium-argon dating

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	Radiometric Dating
		In contrast to a method such as Radiocarbon dating, which measures the disappearance of a substance, K-Ar dating measures the accumulation of Argon in a substance from the decomposition of potassium.
		Potassium is a component in many common minerals and can be used to determine the ages of igneous and metamorphic rocks.
		Argon, being an inert gas, usually does not leech out of a mineral and is easy to measure in small samples.
	sci.waikato.ac.nz /evolution/RadiometricDating.shtml (1341 words)

	Methods.html
		Excess argon may be derived from the mantle, as bubbles trapped in a melt, in the case of a magma.
		Argon loss and excess argon are two common problems that may cause erroneous ages to be determined.
		The quantity of potassium in a rock or mineral is variable proportional to the amount of silica present.
	www.ees.nmt.edu /Geol/labs/Argon_Lab/Methods/Methods.html (1775 words)

	Dating Methods Using Radioactive Isotopes
		It is called potassium-argon dating and is based upon the detected ratio of
		Natural potassium is composed of 0.01% radioactive potassium-40 which decays spontaneously according to two routes.
		Meanwhile, back at the lab, techniques continued to improve, until reliable radiocarbon dating could finally be done with considerably smaller samples (in the case of the Shroud, just a few short strands were needed for each sample).
	www.csudh.edu /oliver/smt310-handouts/dating/dating.htm (968 words)

	Half Life
		Potassium-argon dating is used to determine the age of igneous rocks based on the ratio of an unstable isotope of potassium to that of argon.
		Radiocarbon dating is used to determine the age of previously living things based on the abundance of an unstable isotope of carbon.
		Potassium is a common element found in many minerals.
	hypertextbook.com /physics/modern/half-life/index.shtml (1940 words)

	08.28.97 - Precise dating of the destruction of Pompeii proves argon-argon method can reliably date rocks as young as 2,000 years
		In argon-argon dating, first developed at UC Berkeley in the 1960s, samples are irradiated with neutrons to convert potassium-40 to argon-39, which is normally not present in nature.
		In an older method known as potassium-argon dating the quantity of each isotope in the sample was measured to obtain an estimate of the its age.
		With such validation, the radioactive argon dating technique now can reliably establish the age of rocks as old as the solar system or as young as 2,000 years, say researchers from the University of California at Berkeley and the Berkeley Geochronology Center.
	www.berkeley.edu /news/media/releases/97legacy/pompeii.html (998 words)

	The Record of Time: Chronometric Techniques: Part II
		This dating method can be used with samples that are as young as a few decades to as old as the earth and beyond.
		Dating samples are usually charcoal, wood, bone, or shell, but any tissue that was ever alive can be dated.
		Any organic substances can be used for radiocarbon and amino acid racemization dating.
	anthro.palomar.edu /time/time_5.htm (2033 words)

	Clocks in the Rocks
		Potassium-Argon dating has the advantage that the argon does not react chemically, so any found inside a rock is very likely the result of radioactive decay of potassium.
		If you had 100% pure parent element when you began a dating process, then radioactive dating would be extremely reliable since the radioactive half-life of a given isotope is quite independent of any natural forces save direct collision-type interactions with the nucleus.
		The rubidium/strontium dating method deals with both of those difficulties by using the non-radioactive isotope strontium-86 as a comparison standard.
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/nuclear/clkroc.html (752 words)

	The Radiometric Dating Game
		The uncertainties inherent in radiometric dating are disturbing to geologists and evolutionists...
		Potassium is about 1/40 of the earth's crust, and about 1/10,000 of the potassium is potassium 40.
		Radiometric dating is predicated on the assumption that throughout the earth's history radioactive decay rates of the various elements have remained constant.
	www.cs.unc.edu /~plaisted/ce/dating.html (22012 words)

	Radiometric dating: Radioactive Carbon, Potassium Argon, Uranium Lead
		This dating method is used primarily on igneous rocks and is used to date objects thought to be quite old.
		So again we see that old-earth scientists continually rest their final conclusions upon what they consider to be a “known” dating system…the geologic column.
		We now know that different types of mineral rocks occlude Argon gas within their mineral structures at a molten state.
	www.eadshome.com /RadiometricDating.htm (1318 words)

	Age Dating Internet References
		This radioisotope age dating book and DVD set by the RATE group is a compendium every creationist should have in their library.
		Excess argon within mineral concentrates from the new dacite lava dome at Mount St Helens volcano TJ 10(3):335–343 December 1996
		Radioisotope Dating of Grand Canyon Rocks: Another Devastating Failure for Long-Age Geology by Andrew A. Snelling, Ph.D. ICR Impact 376 Oct 1, 2004
	www.nwcreation.net /agedatinglinks.html (837 words)

	Radiometric dating methods Q&A
		Potassium-Argon and Argon-Argon dating of crystal rocks and the problem of excess argon (Semi-Technical, ICR Impact)
		Dating in Conflict (radiocarbon detected in coalified wood allegedly 20 million years old)
		Excess Argon within Mineral Concentrates from the New Dacite Lava Dome at Mt St Helens volcano (Technical)
	www.answersingenesis.org /home/area/faq/dating.asp (465 words)

	potassium argon dating
		potassium argon dating: a chronometric dating technique based on the rate of decay of potassium 40 to argon 40.
		One of the most widely used methods in the dating of early hominid sites in Africa.
		Used to date rocks up to thousands of millions of years old though it is restricted to volcanic material no more recent than c 100 000 years old.
	www.webref.org /anthropology/p/potassium_argon_dating.htm (130 words)

	Radiometric dating - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Potassium - argon dating involves the beta decay of potassium-40 to argon-40.
		Radiometric dating is a technique used to date materials based on a knowledge of the decay rates of naturally occurring isotopes, and the current abundances.
		Another relatively short-range dating technique is based on the decay of uranium-238 into thorium-230, a process with a half-life of 80,000 years It is accompanied by a sister process, in which uranium-235 decays into protactinium-231, which has a half-life of 34,300 years.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Radiometric_dating (130 words)

	08.28.97 - Precise dating of the destruction of Pompeii proves argon-argon method can reliably date rocks as young as 2,000 years
		In argon-argon dating, first developed at UC Berkeley in the 1960s, samples are irradiated with neutrons to convert potassium-40 to argon-39, which is normally not present in nature.
		In an older method known as potassium-argon dating the quantity of each isotope in the sample was measured to obtain an estimate of the its age.
		With such validation, the radioactive argon dating technique now can reliably establish the age of rocks as old as the solar system or as young as 2,000 years, say researchers from the University of California at Berkeley and the Berkeley Geochronology Center.
	www.berkeley.edu /news/media/releases/97legacy/pompeii.html (130 words)

	Potassium argon dating - EvoWiki
		Potassium argon (40K-40Ar) dating is a form of radiometric dating widely used because of the range of dates for which it is useful.
		Volcanic material is the ideal subject of potassium-argon dating because it is a closed system - there is none of the daughter element present when the material is formed to contaminate measurements.
		In the case of potassium-argon decay, this loss of a proton causes the atom to change from a reactive alkali metal to a non-reactive noble gas, which is an important characteristic.
	wiki.cotch.net /index.php/Potassium_argon_dating (130 words)

	Potassium-argon dating - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Potassium-argon or K-Ar dating is a method used by archaeologists and geologists to ascertain the date of ancient mineral deposits.
		As argon is a gas any traces of that element will escape from rocks when they are molten.
		Therefore, any argon found in solid rocks must have been produced since that molten state ended and the rock solidified.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Potassium-argon_dating (130 words)

	EvC Forum: For whatever - your insult, and radioisotope dating
		Note that we have dated rocks as young as about 2,000 years by argon-argon dating (which uses the same potassium, with a half-life of 1.26 billion years): Precise dating of the destruction of Pompeii proves argon-argon method can reliably date rocks as young as 2,000 years.
		Often residual argon from previous measurements can throw off the measurement, unless the lab is alerted first to the possibility that this sample may have very little argon and extraordinarily heroic pre-cleaning is required.
		In his articles, the reason the radiometric dating techniques don't seem to work is because he simply doesn't understand the limitations of the various dating techniques and how to interpret the data.
	www.evcforum.net /cgi-bin/dm.cgi?action=msg&f=3&t=59&m=1 (130 words)

	Shade Tree Physics - Science Links
		"Excess Argon" : The "Achilles Heel" of Potassium-Argon and Argon-Argon "Dating" of Volcanic Rocks
	www.ebicom.com /~rsf1/far.htm (130 words)

	Argon-Argon Age-Dating
		Ar dating method offers a significant advantage over the conventional K-Ar dating technique, because potassium and argon are measured on the same sample by using isotopic ratios of argon, thus eliminating problems associated with sample inhomogeneity.
		However, the dating of Quaternary, low potassium rocks continues to test the limits of the method because of small quantities of radiogenic argon and large atmospheric argon contamination.
		By combining Von Weizsacker (1937) argon abundance arguments, with Kohlhorster (1930) observation that potassium emitted gama-radiation, Bramley (1937) presented strong evidence that potassium underwent dual decay.
	www.diggles.com /bturrin/40Ar.html (1412 words)

	EXAMPLES OF CREATION "SCIENCE"
		RADIOACTIVE 'DATING' FAILURE in which 13 attempts to date 11 samples of recent lava flows from an active volcano in New Zealand by the Potassium - Argon method yielded results ranging from less than 270,000 years to 3,500,000 years.
		Pyroxenes, for example, are notorious for low levels of potassium and high levels of excess argon, making them pretty well useless for this method of dating.
		This page is not in any way a complete account of potassium - argon dating.
	www.island.net /~rjbw/CreationScience.html (3842 words)

	Radiometric dating methods Q&A
		The Cause Of Anomalous Potassium-Argon ‘Ages’ for recent andesite flows at Mt Ngauruhoe, New Zealand, and the Implications for Potassium-Argon ‘Dating’
		Are there examples of inaccurate results obtained from the potassium/argon dating method (the most cited method)?
		Dating in Conflict (radiocarbon detected in coalified wood allegedly 20 million years old)
	www.answersingenesis.org /home/area/faq/dating.asp (465 words)

	Geologic Time: Radiometric Time Scale
		Potassium is found in most rock-forming minerals, the half-life of its radioactive isotope potassium-40 is such that measurable quantities of argon (daughter) have accumulated in potassium-bearing minerals of nearly all ages, and the amounts of potassium and argon isotopes can be measured accurately, even in very small quantities.
		Radioactive decay is a spontaneous process in which an isotope (the parent) loses particles from its nucleus to form an isotope of a new element (the daughter).
		Most radioactive isotopes have rapid rates of decay (that is, short half-lives) and lose their radioactivity within a few days or years.
	pubs.usgs.gov /gip/geotime/radiometric.html (1295 words)

	Links to Quaternary Environmental and Archaeology
		Amino Acid Racemization Dendrochronology Radio-Carbon Dating (Carbon-14) Potassium- Argon Dating Electron Spin Resonance Fission Track Thermoluminescence Dating Paleomagnetism
		Introduction Superposition Stratigraphy Cross Dating Artifacts Dendrochronology Radiocarbon Dating Potassium Argon Dating Obsidian Hydration Archaeomagnetic Dating Luminescence Other Isotopic Dating Conclusion
		Cultural Affiliation Fluorine Dating Obsidian Hydration Patination Pollen Analysis Rate of Accumulation Seriation Varve Analysis Archaeomagnetism Astronomical Dating Optically Stimulated Luminescence Potassium- Argon Dating Radio-Carbon Dating (Carbon-14) Uranium-Thorium Dating
	www.geo.arizona.edu /palynology/web_qua.html (1295 words)

	Methods.html
		The isotopes the KAr system relies on are Potassium (K) and Argon (Ar).
		technologies in argon dating are ever changing, occasionally surmounting problems posed
		For the K/Ar dating system, this decay scheme to calcium isotopes is ignored.
	www.ees.nmt.edu /Geol/labs/Argon_Lab/Methods/Methods.html (1775 words)

	Methods.html
		The isotopes the KAr system relies on are Potassium (K) and Argon (Ar).
		technologies in argon dating are ever changing, occasionally surmounting problems posed
		For the K/Ar dating system, this decay scheme to calcium isotopes is ignored.
	www.ees.nmt.edu /Geol/labs/Argon_Lab/Methods/Methods.html (1775 words)

	Radiometric dating methods Q&A
		The Cause Of Anomalous Potassium-Argon ‘Ages’ for recent andesite flows at Mt Ngauruhoe, New Zealand, and the Implications for Potassium-Argon ‘Dating’
		Dating in Conflict (radiocarbon detected in coalified wood allegedly 20 million years old)
		Radioactive ‘dating’ failure: Recent New Zealand lava flows yield ‘ages’ of millions of years
	www.answersingenesis.org /home/area/faq/dating.asp (465 words)

	Radiometric Dating
		When this is done, the plateau in the figure represents an age date based on the decay of potassium-40 to argon-40.
		The fact that this plot is flat shows that essentially all of the argon-40 is from decay of potassium within the rock
		But the radioactive atoms used in dating techniques have been subjected to heat, cold, pressure, vacuum, acceleration, and strong chemical reactions to the extent that would be experienced by rocks or magma in the mantle, crust, or surface of the Earth or other planets without any significant change in their decay rate.
	www.asa3.org /ASA/resources/Wiens.html (465 words)

	Radiometric dating
		Other types of radiometric dating include rubidium-strontium, samarium-neodymium, potassium-argon, argon-argon, uranium-thorium, optically stimulated luminescence dating and uranium-lead.
		Radiometric dating is based on forms of radioactive decay in which the atomic nucleus emits a neutron or alpha particle and becomes a different element or isotope.
		Radiometric dating is the determination of the date at which materials were formed by analyzing the decay of radioactive isotopes that were incorporated into the material when it was created and which presumably have not diffused out.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/radiometric_dating (715 words)

	08.28.97 - Precise dating of the destruction of Pompeii proves argon-argon method can reliably date rocks as young as 2,000 years
		In an older method known as potassium-argon dating the quantity of each isotope in the sample was measured to obtain an estimate of the its age.
		"With potassium-argon dating you had to assume that any argon trapped in the sample had the same isotopic composition as the atmosphere at the time of formation," Sharp says.
		With such validation, the radioactive argon dating technique now can reliably establish the age of rocks as old as the solar system or as young as 2,000 years, say researchers from the University of California at Berkeley and the Berkeley Geochronology Center.
	www.berkeley.edu /news/media/releases/97legacy/pompeii.html (998 words)

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