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Topic: Potato blight

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Potato fungus

Potato

Phytophthora

Water mould

Irish potato famine

Plant pathology

Sudden Oak Death

Irish potato famine (legacy)

Fungus

Slime mould

Mycotoxin

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Coffin ship

	Potato late blight, (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Potato late blight is one of the most devastating plant diseases.
		Nevertheless, potato blight ranks as one of the most devastating diseases in human history.
		Control of potato blight traditionally relied on copper-based fungicides such as Bordeaux mixture (consisting of copper sulphate and calcium oxide).
	helios.bto.ed.ac.uk /bto/microbes/blight.htm (1277 words)

	Phytophthora infestans - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Phytophthora infestans is a water mould, that causes the serious disease of the potato, late blight or potato blight.
		This disease was a major culprit in the causation of the 1847 Irish potato famine and also the Highland potato famine.
		Potatoes infected with late blight are shrunken on the outside, corky and rotted inside.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Potato_blight (585 words)

	Preventing a Frightening Sequel to the Potato Blight - Center for Global Food Issues (CGFI)
		The blight was stopped in the 19th century when farmers found and planted blight-resistant varieties of potatoes and gave them the additional protection of chemical fungicides.
		Potato growers on five continents have been reeling under the blights' onslaught, and many Third World countries are almost as heavily dependent on potatoes as the Irish in the 1840s.
		These potatoes were bred by a method called recurrent selection, in which researchers crossbreed dozens of different potato clones and then recross their most promising offspring.
	www.cgfi.org /materials/articles/2000/feb_25_00.htm (782 words)

	Late Blight Research at CIP (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Potato late blight is considered to be the most serious potato disease worldwide.
		To allow farmers to learn about disease and other key aspects of potato pest and crop management, and to get their input into the latest stages of the breeding program, CIP is working with diverse partners to develop farmer field schools for potato producers in areas where LB is a major concern.
		Well documented is the Irish Potato Famine of 1845 to 1851 when, as a result of a late blight epidemic, one million persons of a total of eight million inhabitants died and another 1.5 million left the country.
	www.cipotato.org /potato/Pests_Disease/lateblight/lateblight.htm (603 words)

	Leaf Blight Diseases of Potato
		The terms "late blight" and "early blight" are somewhat misleading, since late blight often occurs earlier in the season than early blight, depending on environmental conditions.
		Late blight infection of tubers is characterized by irregularly shaped, slightly depressed areas of brown to purplish color of variable size on the skin.
		Potato lots with excessive tuber rot (greater than 5 percent total decay) are probably not storable and should be sold or processed directly from the field.
	www.ext.nodak.edu /extpubs/plantsci/hortcrop/pp1084w.htm (2434 words)

	Preventing & controlling potato blight
		Potato blight (Phytophthera infestans) requires a mild and damp climate in order to infect potato foliage.
		Potato blight cannot be cured and, particularly in an organic situation, avoidance is definitely the best policy.
		Blight is not generally a problem with early harvested, early varieties.
	www.adrians.utvinternet.com /GoodEarth/blight.htm (686 words)

	Irish infestation
		Potatoes were the most productive staple starch for Ireland's cool, damp climate, but the island also grew barley, oats and wheat.
		Although many potato varieties were grown in Ireland -- as a kind of insurance against crop diseases -- virtually all were susceptible to Phytophthora infestans, a virulent pathogen whose Greek name means "plant destroyer" and which turns plants into a fl, dead mush.
		In 1845, late blight obliterated one-quarter to one-third of the Irish potato crop.
	whyfiles.org /128potato_blight/index.html (847 words)

	Potato blight (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Potato blight (Phytophthora infestans) is a serious disease of the potato plant.
		It was a major culprit in the causation of the 1847 Irish potato famine.
		Up until the 1970s, there was only one type of blight in the UK, and this was unable to produce resistant spores that could survive the winter.
	www.city-search.org /po/potato-blight.html (521 words)

	The poor farmers' stake
		Potatoes are a major source of food for the world.
		When late blight or an insect strikes these places, farmers (if they can afford it) often reach for their leaky backpack sprayer before they even understand the problem -- or exactly what's in the sprayer, what harm it might do, or the other possible solutions.
		Blight spores are invisible, and late blight kills quickly, so farmers need advance knowledge if they want a chance of making quick decisions that might save their crops after blight strikes.
	whyfiles.org /128potato_blight/4.html (743 words)

	The Potato Then & Now: History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In 1845, potato blight devastated the potato crops of Ireland.
		Effect of the Blight on P.E.I. The blight that ravaged potato crops in Ireland also effected potato farming on P.E.I. One way to see the damage caused by the blight is to look at this chart comparing records of exports for the whole province of Prince Edward Island in 1845.
		The P. Island Potato Growers' Association was established on the 12th of April, 1920, with a membership of 140 growers and dealers.
	collections.ic.gc.ca /potato/history/index.asp (408 words)

	Cornell News: Russia Potato Blight
		The late blight threat is still very important and even critical in some regions, said Alexei V. Filippov, of the All Russian Institute of Phytopathology, addressing a group of 58 international agricultural researchers from 12 countries at the Collaborative Research on Potato Late Blight workshop in Poland last week.
		Potato seed and tubers are now infected with viruses and pathogens and must be sent to the Polish Mlochow facility to be restored.
		Potato cultivar New York 121 is a small white potato able to fend off late blight as well as other pests such as golden nematodes, scab and potato virus Y (PVY).
	www.news.cornell.edu /releases/June01/PolandRussia.bpf.html (1208 words)

	Blight worries potato growers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		PRESQUE ISLE - Potato growers in Aroostook County are worried about cull potato piles and slow reaction to potato blight by New Brunswick farmers along the northern Maine border.Murray Blackstone, a member of the Maine Potato Board, raised the issue at a board meeting Wednesday.
		He claims the proximity of the cull potato piles and blight to Aroostook County potato fields could be detrimental to northern Maine's crop.
		Blight and disease, once airborne, can affect crops for miles, and Blackstone said he believes something has to be done.
	www.bangornews.com /news/templates?a=7953 (373 words)

	History and Lessons of Potato Late Blight - Vegetable Crops/Plant Pathology - Kern County
		The potato plant originated from South America in the mountains of southern Peru where the Incas used it a food source as far back as 400 B.C. and is still a major food crop for the people in that region today.
		Potato fields were soon infected by blight, causing the plants to rot in the field.
		Late blight was one of the first plant diseases to be demonstrated to be caused by a microorganism and thus put an end to the theory of spontaneous generation.
	cekern.ucdavis.edu /Custom_Program573/History_and_Lessons_of_Potato_Late_Blight.htm (756 words)

	Late Blight of Potatoes and Tomatoes Fact sheet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Late blight of potatoes and tomatoes, the disease that was responsible for the Irish potato famine in the mid-nineteenth century, is caused by the fungus-like oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans.
		Potato cultivars with desirable market qualities and whose foliage and tubers show high levels of resistance are being developed.
		Potato leaflet with older lesion that is not sporulating.
	vegetablemdonline.ppath.cornell.edu /factsheets/Potato_LateBlt.htm (2908 words)

	The Irish Famine: Potato Blight
		In the harvest of 1845, between one-third and half of the potato crop was destroyed by the strange disease, which became known as 'potato blight'.
		It was not possible to eat the blighted potatoes, and the rest of 1845 was a period of hardship, although not starvation, for those who depended on it.
		It is now known that the same potato blight struck in the USA in 1843 and 1844 and in Canada in 1844.
	www.wesleyjohnston.com /users/ireland/past/famine/blight.html (762 words)

	OLYMPUS MIC-D: Brightfield Gallery - Potato Blight Fungus (Phytophthora infestans) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Potato late blight, caused by the fungus Phytophthora infestans, is one of the most important potato diseases in the world.
		Although it was probably already carrying milder forms of the late blight fungus, it was not until 1844 that the virulent strain (speculated to be a single clonal genotype of P.
		With the emergence of a new strain in the United States during the 1990s, late blight continues to be a looming threat to the world's potato crops.
	www.mic-d.com /gallery/brightfield/potatoblight.html (354 words)

	icWales - Anti-blight open day
		POTATO blight has already arrived in parts of Wales, according to the British Potato Council.
		Wales is a high-risk area for blight - phytophthora infestans - and the recent humid and thundery weather coupled with high night-time temperatures, humidity and frequent showers has resulted in scattered infections.
		Adas Wales are testing varieties of potatoes for resistance to potato blight as part of the Farming Connect Development Programme.
	icwales.icnetwork.co.uk /0100news/1000farming/tm_objectid=15725607%26method=full%26siteid=50082%26headline=anti%2dblight%2dopen%2dday-name_page.html (270 words)

	Scientists find gene that protects against potato blight
		Potato plants exposed to the pathogen that causes late blight, the disease responsible for the Irish potato famine, soon wither and die (left).
		MADISON - Scouring the genome of a wild Mexican potato, scientists have discovered a gene that protects potatoes against late blight, the devastating disease that caused the Irish potato famine.
		All of the varieties now cultivated commercially on more than 1.5 million acres in the United States are highly susceptible to potato late blight, a family of fungal pathogens that wreaks havoc in the field, turning tubers to mush and invariably killing any plant it infects.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2003-07/uow-sfg071103.php (912 words)

	Organic Alternatives for Late Blight Control in Potatoes
		Late blight (Phytophthora infestans) is a fungal disease that attacks the leaves, stems, and tubers of potato plants.
		When late blight appears in isolated sections of fields, spread of the disease can be slowed considerably by quickly destroying infected plants (8).
		The duration of leaf wetness is a critical factor in late blight infection (9).
	www.attra.org /attra-pub/lateblight.html (2902 words)

	Potato Blight
		Late blight is one of the most important potato diseases in the world.
		In 1995 late blight caused significant economic losses in Malheur County, Oregon and parts of Idaho; areas that have seen only isolated patches of the disease in past years.
		Dispose of cull potatoes and seed chips properly by burying to a depth of 2 feet before any potatoes emerge in the spring.
	www.cropinfo.net /Potatoblight.htm (800 words)

	Late Blight of Potato and Tomato, HYG-3102-95
		Late blight is one of the most devastating diseases of potato and tomato worldwide.
		It was responsible for the devastating Irish potato famine of the 1840's and has continued to be important to the present.
		For an epidemic to begin in any one area, the fungus must survive the winter in potato tubers (culls, volunteers), be reintroduced on seed potatoes or tomato transplants, or live spores must blow in with rainstorms.
	www.ag.ohio-state.edu /~ohioline/hyg-fact/3000/3102.html (1156 words)

	The Potato Then & Now: The Irish Potato Famine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The potato's popularity was based on the potato producing more food per acre than any other crops Irish farmers had grown before.
		By the 1800's, the potato was so important in Ireland that some of the poorer parts of the country relied entirely on the potato for food.
		The blight was the fungus Phytophthora infestans which destroyed potato plants and was the principal cause of what came to be known as the Irish Potato Famine.
	collections.ic.gc.ca /potato/history/ireland.asp (632 words)

	Inspection Services
		Background: Late Blight (Phytophthora infestans) is a disease of potatoes and tomatoes found most places in the world where these two crops are grown.
		In September 1995, Late Blight was found in one commercial field of potatoes in the Matanuska Valley.
		Source of 1998 Alaska Late Blight: Late Blight is not indigenous to Alaska and prior to 1995 was unknown in the state.
	www.dnr.state.ak.us /ag/ag_is.htm (446 words)

	Factsheet about potato blight
		Potato late blight is caused by the fungus Phytophthora infestans.
		Potato late blight survives the winter in infected potato tubers.
		Blight forecasting: Because blight infection and spread is most rapid in warm humid weather conditions, farmers have developed a blight forecasting system.
	www.hdra.org.uk /factsheets/dc17.htm (1268 words)

	Hot Potatoes: KCTS Productions
		Hot Potatoes recalls the devastating impact of the blight that struck Ireland and visits Holland, one of the first countries to feel the impact of a new strain of blight known as "A2." Dutch scientist Leontine Colon explains how the new strains are able to survive conditions that would have killed older strains.
		By breeding local wild potatoes that were inedible but blight-resistant with their domesticated cousins, Niederhauser was able to produce amazing new types of blight-resistant potatoes.
		She and her colleagues are working hard for the day when farmers in Peru and around the globe can raise a wide variety of potato crops that remain resistant to the lethal effects of blight while needing little or no chemical spraying.
	www.kcts.org /productions/hotpotatoes (734 words)

	Agrometeorological Centre of Excellence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Potato Late Blight Forecasting Program utilizes weather data collected by 45 remote automated weather stations in most potato growing regions of Manitoba.
		After this threshold has been reached late blight is likely to occur within the next 7 to 10 days.
		A rapid rate of increase indicates that weather conditions are favourable for late blight.
	www.aceweather.ca /potato.cfm (153 words)

	The Great Famine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		While the famine was initiated by a potato blight, its actual causes are rooted much deeper in the economic system in place at the time and the attitude of the English to the people of Ireland.
		The common people in Ireland, which was over one third of the population, therefore largely subsisted on potatoes, while living with their families in small one-room shacks which dotted the countryside.
		In 1846, the entire potato crop of the country was lost, while starvation and disease were rampant among the lowest classes.
	www.irishclans.com /articles/greatfamine.html (1095 words)

	BBC NEWS \| UK \| Northern Ireland \| GM potato is 'blight resistant'
		All the commonly cultivated varieties of potato are highly susceptible to late blight, a fungal family that normally kills any plant it infects.
		Scientists believe the plant co-evolved in Mexico alongside late blight, and developed a strain that was immune to the disease.
		Potato blight is still a major problem in many countries - affecting crops in Russia, Mexico, Ireland, Ecuador and the US.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/uk_news/northern_ireland/3066471.stm (430 words)

	CIP - Global Program to Develop Late Blight Resistant Potato Cultivars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The 10-year, $25.5 million Global Initiative on Late Blight (GILB) to develop potato cultivars with durable resistance to all forms of the disease was launched this year followed urgent calls for action by farmers and the global research community.
		The disease, which was responsible for the Irish potato famine in the 1840s, causes estimated annual crop losses of nearly 14 million tons annually, equivalent to nearly $3 billion.
		During the project's final phase, years 2004-2007, emphasis will be directed to promoting widespread use of new late blight resistant varieties--an effort that will help farmers to control late blight through integrated pest management systems in which resistant varieties, rather than chemical fungicides, play the key role.
	www.worldbank.org /html/cgiar/newsletter/Oct96/6cip.html (962 words)

	Irish Potato Famine
		Combined with milk, potatoes supply almost all food elements required for a healthy diet.(13) To fulfill the daily nutritive requirement in the mid-1800s, each person had to eat 3 kilograms (six and a half pounds) of potatoes.
		To counter overpopulation, people moved to less fertile areas were the potato was one of the few sources of food that could be grown.(21) Most of these lands were under the ownership of absentee landlords, who wanted to maximize the output with little or no investment into the population.
		Although the potato crops from 1847-1851 were unaffected by the blight, famine conditions intensified due to a lack of seed potatoes for planting new crops and an inadequate amount of potatoes having been planted for fear that the blight would persist.(28) Tenant farmers held short-term leases that were payable each six months in arrears.
	www.american.edu /TED/potato.htm (1494 words)

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