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	Potentially hazardous asteroid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A Potentially Hazardous Asteroid (PHA) is a Near-Earth asteroid with a size and an orbit such that it has a potential to make threatening close approaches to the Earth.
		Once found, each PHA is being studied by various means, including optical, infrared and radar observations, to further determine its characteristics, such as size, composition, rotation state, and more accurately determine its orbit.
		During asteroid close approaches to planets or moons, it will be subject to gravitational perturbation, modifying the orbit, and some times, a previously non-threatening asteroid may become a PHA or vice versa.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Potentially_hazardous_asteroid (323 words)

	Spacewatch Publications in the Minor Planet Electronic Circulars
		Gleason, A. Discovery of Potentially Hazardous Asteroid 2002 AZ In MPEC 2002-A31.
		Gleason, A. Followup Observations of Asteroids 2003 QB and 2003 SV In Gleason, A. Followup Observations of Asteroid 1998 FR In Gleason, A. Followup Observations of Periodic Comet P/2001 RG In Gleason, A. Followup of Asteroid 2003 WQ In Gleason, A. Followup Observations of Periodic Comet P/2003 UY In Gleason, A. and M. Block.
		Follow-up observations of Asteroids 2001 FB, and 2003 SN In Gleason, A. Larsen.
	spacewatch.lpl.arizona.edu /mnptcrc.html (5962 words)

	Asteroid Mining
		While asteroids are rich in the metals and minerals needed for needed for building space facilities, comets are rich sources of the water and carbon-based molecules needed to maintain life.
		Earth and Mars Trojan asteroids (as well as the two moons of Mars, Phobos and Deimos) would be good candidates for industrial exploitation because of their proximity to large space facilities and habitats proposed for Earth or Mars orbit.
		PHAs are objects that can some day harm life on Earth because of their proximity and size -- Minimum Orbit Intersection Distance (MOID) with the Earth is 0.05 AU or less with an absolute magnitude (H) of 22.0 or brighter.
	members.nova.org /~sol/station/ast-mine.htm (507 words)

	Asteroid Strike
		An asteroid the size of a soccer field narrowly missed the Earth in July, 2002, by 75,000 miles, less than a third of the distance to the moon, and one of the closest known approaches by objects of this size.
		The first known landslides on an asteroid have been spotted on Eros, a 20-mile-long, potato-shaped space rock that is providing new clues about the formation of the solar system and the birth of planets.
		The study estimates that an armada of asteroids, 900 strong, all a kilometer in diameter or larger, present a potential hazard to life on Earth.
	home.att.net /~thehessians/asteroidstrike.html (6354 words)

	potentially hazardous asteroid
		A near-Earth asteroid (NEA) whose orbit can bring it so close to Earth that there is a risk (typically very small) of a future collision.
		Past asteroid and comet impacts have had dramatic effects both on a local scale (as in the case Tunguska event) and globally (for example, the mass extinction at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary).
		Among recent close encounters was one on June 14, 2002, when an asteroid the size of a football pitch, catalogued as 2002MN, passed Earth at a distance of around 120,000 km-less than a third the distance to the Moon-traveling at over 10 km/s (23,000 miles per hour).
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/P/potentially_hazardous_asteroid.html (275 words)

	CNN - Asteroid on course for near-collision with Earth - March 11, 1998
		CAMBRIDGE, Massachusetts (CNN) -- Astronomers say a mile-wide asteroid described as "the most dangerous one we've found so far" may be on course for a near-miss -- or even a collision -- with Earth in the year 2028.
		Asteroid 1997 XF11 was discovered December 6 by Jim Scotti of the University of Arizona Spacewatch program, and has been added to a list of 108 asteroids considered to be "potentially hazardous objects."
		An asteroid 6 to 10 miles across collided with the Earth about 65 million years ago and is thought to have caused the extinction of the dinosaurs, along with 75 percent of all other species.
	www.cnn.com /TECH/space/9803/11/asteroid/index.html (776 words)

	Big Asteroid Passes Earth In Close Call
		Although there had been no danger of collision from the asteroid, experts said the distance was a whisker in cosmic terms.
		In 1908, an asteroid or comet about 60 metres (200 feet) long exploded over Siberia with the force of 600 times the Hiroshima bomb, reducing a 40-km (25-mile) wide patch of forest to matchwood.
		NASA's main focus is on identifying asteroids between one km and 10 kms (0.6 to six miles) across.
	www.rense.com /general18/earthin.htm (640 words)

	Asteroid Radar History
		Potentially Hazardous Asteroid, MBA = main-belt asteroid, BIN = binary, and XXX-N identifies the Nth radar-detected XXX.
		Radar observations of asteroids 7 Iris, 9 Metis, 12 Victoria, 216 Kleopatra, and 654 Zelinda.
		Radar observations of asteroids 1 Ceres, 2 Pallas, and 4 Vesta (1995).
	echo.jpl.nasa.gov /asteroids/PDS.asteroid.radar.history.html (1552 words)

	SPACE.com -- World's Asteroid Hunters Make Political Plea to Save Earth
		While no asteroid is known to be on a collision course with Earth, it is these large Near Earth Objects, or NEOs, that generate the most concern among some researchers because, they say, an impact by one could have global consequences.
		Pointing to an additional need for a southern telescope, he said, is that when asteroids are discovered in northern skies, they often need to be studied later from the south before their exact paths can be determined.
		A similar asteroid flyby occurred last October, when a rock thought to be between 50 and 100 meters in diameter zoomed by Earth at a similar distance.
	space.com /scienceastronomy/solarsystem/aussie_asteroid_020201-1.html (1443 words)

	Hazardous Asteroids Moon NEO PHA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Although most of the time we worry about a large asteroid hitting the earth, but the point to this short note is how important it is that moon not get hit.
		Asteroid 1989 PB was estimated to be a mile wide, when it came within 2 2 million miles of earth.
		In March 1989, the asteroid 1989 FC although only 2 mile in diameter came within 500,000 miles of earth, however, it was not discovered until April 1989.
	personal.cmich.edu /~ferre1df/asteroids.html (1228 words)

	CNN.com - City-sized asteroid to clear Earth - May 4, 2004
		No other asteroid so large is known to have come so close in the past, though accurate tracking of space rocks is a fairly recent, high-tech skill that still leaves wide margins of error for many objects.
		Other asteroids in the size range of Toutatis have surely navigated that window, too, but were unseen in eras when the skies were not scanned so fully as today.
		Ostro said that the population of near-Earth asteroids -- hundreds bigger than 0.6 miles (1 kilometer) have been found in the past six years or so -- are now known to come in "a zoo of shapes." And there are other asteroids that don't rotate on a single, main axis.
	www.cnn.com /2004/TECH/space/05/04/asteroid.miss/index.html (979 words)

	Near-Earth Asteroid Is Two Chunks In One
		Asteroid Found By Spacewatch Is Fastest Spinning Solar System Object (July 23, 1999) -- A unique near-Earth asteroid discovered last year by the University of Arizona Spacewatch is the fastest spinning solar system object yet found, an international team of scientists report in the July...
		For single asteroids, that kind of information can only be obtained by sending a spacecraft close to the body, and so most asteroids' densities, compositions and meteorite associations are not well known.
		Ostro said that the existence of binary asteroids on potentially hazardous orbits means that we have to start figuring out how to maneuver spacecraft close to such objects.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2001/05/010531081601.htm (905 words)

	SPACE.com -- Asteroid No Threat, Despite Rumors of Earth Impact (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		A newly discovered asteroid whose orbit around the Sun had only been tentatively investigated was rumored last weekend to be on a collision course with Earth.
		The first and most infamous was asteroid 1997 XF11, which in 1998 was said to be on a course that might hit the planet in 2040.
		Smaller asteroids that are believed to strike Earth every 1,000 to 10,000 years could destroy a city or cause devastating tsunamis.
	www.space.com /scienceastronomy/solarsystem/asteroid_threat_010823.html (1089 words)

	Private Observatory Meyer/Obermair near Linz, Austria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Asteroid 2002 NT, discovered on July 9 by the LINEAR program, made it into the headlines soon after its discovery because it seemed possible that it might impact Earth in 2019.
		Remote chances that the asteroid might strike Earth in 2044 or later still remained, but these events are so unlikely that the asteroid is now rated with zero on the Torino Scale.
		The Astrometrica software was used to stack eight single exposures (each of 60 seconds) to increase the Signal to Noise Ratio of the faint asteroid on the images, which were taken in bright moonlight.
	web.utanet.at /raab/pomod/2002NT7.html (189 words)

	TPS: Very Close Approach by Asteroid 4179 Toutatis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		This asteroidal exhibitionism allowed Ostro and his coworkers to use the powerful radio telescopes at Goldstone in California and Arecibo in Puerto Rico to develop an extremely good physical model for Toutatis' shape.
		One open question about asteroids is how the different types of fragments of asteroids that have landed on the Earth -- meteorites -- relate to the different types of asteroids observed out there in space.
		We have to finish finding all of the potentially hazardous asteroids, mapping their orbits to identify whether any of them represent a short-term threat, and studying their physical properties to learn what sort of deflection methods are most likely to succeed.
	www.planetary.org /news/2004/toutatis_0927.html (1976 words)

	Survival Center Alert Asteroid Toutatis 4179 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Asteroid Toutatis 4179 (formerly named 1989 AC), was discovered by C. Pollas on January 4, 1989, at Caussols, France.
		It is one of the largest known "Potentially Hazardous Asteroids" (PHA) that approaches our planet on a near Earth orbit.
		This city size asteroid is coming right at us on what may very well prove to be a collision course - or a near miss.
	www.virtuallystrange.net /ufo/updates/2004/aug/m29-018.shtml (908 words)

	..:: #61 - A s t e r o i d ::.. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		A large asteroid or meteorite predicted to hit the earth during the Tribulation.
		But the asteroid, designated 2002 MN, is not in the same league as potential killer rocks measuring more than 0.6 miles (1 km) in diameter, some of which are known to lurk in our space neighborhood between Mars and Venus.
		"2002 MN is a lightweight among asteroids and incapable of causing damage on a global scale, such as the object associated with the extinction of the dinosaurs," the NEO center said in a statement.
	www.harpazo.net /asteroid.html (880 words)

	Asteroid May Hit Earth In 2022 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The asteroid, which has been named 2000 BF19, is thought to be about 1km in diameter.
		The astronomers' discovery is a chilling echo of the blockbuster movie Armageddon, in which a massive asteroid is heading for Earth.
		In August 1998 a mile-wide asteroid had a near-miss as it passed within 450,000 miles of Earth.
	www.rense.com /politics6/asteroid_p.htm (351 words)

	Asteroid may spell doom for human civilisation
		AN asteroid capable of destroying civilisation may be on a collision course with Earth, astronomers said yesterday.
		Astronomers agreed, however, that the asteroid, 1997 XF11, is most likely to zoom past at a distance of 30,000 miles - an eighth of the distance to the Moon.
		An asteroid the size of 1997 XF11 colliding with the Earth at more than 17,000mph would explode with the energy of almost two million Hiroshima-sized atomic bombs.
	telegraph.co.uk /htmlContent.jhtml?html=/archive/1998/03/13/wast13.html (926 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Asteroid 1937 UB (Hermes) is a large (~1 km) object of considerable historical and dynamical interest.
		It is a potentially hazardous asteroid, and the largest asteroid ever observed to make a close approach to Earth within less than twice the distance to the Moon.
		Although technically classified as a "Potentially Hazardous Asteroid", this only means it has an orbit such that, over hundreds of thousands or millions of years, Hermes could potentially come very near the Earth.
	www2.ess.ucla.edu /~jlmargot/NEAs/Hermes (601 words)

	Simultaneous Observations of Asteroid 4179 Toutatis from Two Chilean Telescopes Demonstrate Parallax (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		This morning, asteroid 4179 Toutatis was so close to Earth that simultaneous observations from two telescopes in the same country could show parallax that is obvious even to the least experienced observer.
		Asteroid 4179 Toutatis as seen from the FORS1 instrument at the 8.2-meter VLT Kueyen telescope at the European Southern Observatory's Paranal site.
		The asteroid's apparent position relative to the background stars shifted so much between the two views because it was passing very close to the Earth at the time.
	www.planetary.org /news/2004/toutatis_eso_0929.html (553 words)

	‘Tugboat’ could push away asteroids (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Such a maneuver could be used to nudge a potentially hazardous asteroid into a safe orbital path, scientists say.
		Another thought is planting a nuclear device on one side of the asteroid, then detonating the bomb to accelerate the space rock slightly in the opposite direction.
		In their view, an asteroid is a “pushover” — push it just enough to miss an ugly date with Earth.
	www.msnbc.com /news/980685.asp?0si=-#BODY (1241 words)

	Astronomers rule out asteroid risk in 2029 - Space News - MSNBC.com
		That led them to give the asteroid a rating of 4 on the 1-to-10 Torino scale that is used to gauge the threats posed by near-Earth asteroids and comets.
		But if the asteroid were to hit the wrong place at the wrong time, it could cause a giant tsunami wave or deliver a nuclear-scale blast.
		The 2029 event is still worthy of note, however, because it could rank among Earth's closest encounters with a potentially hazardous asteroid observed in modern times.
	www.msnbc.msn.com /id/6751433 (579 words)

	Alphabet Soup for Rocket Scientists (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		This is an asteroid that has an orbit that brings it within 121 million miles or 195 kilometers of the Sun.
		A Near Earth Object is a comet or asteroid that comes within 1.3 AU (or about 121 million miles or 195 kilometers) of the sun.
		It is a PHA if it passes less than.05 AU from the Earth's orbit (about 4,650,000 miles or 7,450,000 kilometers - about 20 times the distance between Earth and the Moon) and if it is larger than a few hundred meters.
	www.thursdaysclassroom.com /06sep00/activity1.html (397 words)

	Robert S. McMillan: Annual Report 2001
		Discovery of Potentially Hazardous Apollo Asteroid 2001 FA58.
		Gleason, A. Discovery of Potentially Hazardous Apollo Asteroid 2001 KF54.
		Analyses of Asteroid Surveys: Jedicke is the principal author of a chapter entitled "Observational selection effects in asteroid surveys and estimates of asteroid population sizes" for the Space Science Series book Asteroids III (Jedicke et al.
	www.as.arizona.edu /steward/annrep01/Robert_McMillan.html (902 words)

	Daenmark: Pleased to meet you, 2003 QQ47 and Toutatis ...
		The newly discovered 1.2 km wide asteroid, known to scientists as 2003 QQ47, has a mass of around 2 600 billion kg, and would deliver around 350 000 MT of energy in an impact with Earth.
		Currently, the overall probability of this asteroid impacting Earth is 1 in 909 000.
		There is a nice link here to an animated GIF explaining the process of determining the position of these asteroids with greater precision over time.
	www.daen.dk /archives/000174.html (336 words)

	Potentially Hazardous Asteroid Given Torino 1 Rating \| SpaceRef - Your Space Reference
		A potential asteroid impact on 21 March 2014 has been given a Torino hazard rating of 1, defined as "an event meriting careful monitoring".
		Asteroids such as 2003 QQ47 are chunks of rock left over from the formation of our Solar System 4.5 billion years ago.
		Most are kept at a safe distance from Earth in the asteroid belt between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.
	www.spaceref.com /news/viewpr.html?pid=12454 (470 words)

	NEAT July 1998 Interesting Objects (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		It is a Potentially Hazardous Asteroid, determined to be 1-3 km (1 mile) in the latest orbital solution.
		Prediscovery observations by F. Seelos and K. Lawrence using PCAS data (E.Helin, PI) combined with other observations confirm it to be 2-4 km in diameter, making it the largest Potentially Hazardous Asteroid discovered since 1990, although it is of no immediate threat to the Earth.
		D8IOXD, a candidate Near-Earth Asteroid, was discovered with NEAT on 22 July 1998.
	neat.jpl.nasa.gov /98jul.html (210 words)

	Spacewatch 1.8-meter Telescope
		The object was 2001 HB, a Potentially Hazardous Asteroid (PHA), recovery of which was urgently requested by the Spaceguard Central Node.
		The unusually faint PHA 2001 SB170 was recovered at considerable effort with the 1.8-m telescope on 2001 Oct. 13 at V magnitude 23.3 at the urgent request of Spaceguard, resulting in the elimination of some predictions of future collisions of this object with the Earth.
		Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (PHAs), Virtual Impactors (VIs) as defined by the JPL NEO Office, faint objects on the Minor Planet Center's Confirmation Page, fast-moving objects (FMOs), and objects originally discovered by Spacewatch receive priority for recovery and followup with the Spacewatch 1.8-meter telescope.
	spacewatch.lpl.arizona.edu /18meter.html (1527 words)

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