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Topic: Pothohari language

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	Romani language Information
		The Indo-Aryan Romani language should not be confused with either Romanian (spoken by Romanians), or Romansh (spoken in parts of southeastern Switzerland), both of which are Romance languages.
		The Romani language is considered alternatively a group of dialects or a collection of related languages that comprise all the members of a single genetic subgroup.
		Language standardization is presently also being employed in the revival of the Romani language among various groups (in Spain, Great Britain and elsewhere), which have ceased to speak the language.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Romani_language (2268 words)

	Pothohari - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Pothohari can mean either an inhabitant of Pothohar, an area in the north of Pakistani Punjab province, or the language spoken in the region.
		Pothohari is a member of the Western Pahari ('Pahaari') group of dialects; Western Pahari dialects include: Potwari, Kangri, Kullu, etc. The term 'Pahaari/Pahari' in Hindi, Urdu, or Punjabi means "(language) of the mountain people".
		Pothohari is an Indo-Aryan language and along with standard Punjabi has been traced to be the source language of the Roma/Sinti people of Europe.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pothohari (261 words)

	Pakistan Population
		Urdu is Pakistan's national language and has been promoted as a token of national unity, though less than 8% of Pakistanis speak it as their first language but it is spoken fluently as a second language by all literate Pakistanis.
		Urdu was an official language in British India since 1835 and in India, where it is spoken by Muslim population, is one of the 15 national languages recognized by the constitution.
		This dialect is spoken in districs of Peshawar, Attoc, Nowshehra, Mansehra, Abbotabad and Murree.
	mazhar.dk /pakistan/population.htm (899 words)

	List of Languages
		Pangasinan is the primary language in the province of Pangasinan, located on the west central area of the island of Luzon along the Lingayen Gulf.
		Or Papiamentu is the primary language spoken on the Caribbean islands of Aruba, Bonaire, and Curaçao (the so-called ABC islands).
		It is the official language of Angola, Brazil, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, Portugal and São Tomé and Príncipe, co-official with Chinese in the Chinese S.A.R. of Macau, and co-official with Tetum in East Timor.
	www.aboutlanguageschools.com /language/list/list_p.asp (1869 words)

	Roma people - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Alternate spellings of "Rroma" for the people and "Rromanes" for the language, were rejected by the last Romani congress, which defined the universal Romani alphabet.
		Their language seems to be grammatically identical with other (Swiss) German dialects; the origin of the lexicon, however, incorporates German, Romani, Yiddish and other words.
		The language of the Irish Travellers, Shelta, is mainly based on an Irish Gaelic lexicon and an English-based grammar, with influence from Romani.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Roma_(people) (4741 words)

	Thinkers.net TALK
		Language differences, like religious differences, ethnic differences, social differences, race differences, class differences and other differences can be used to keep us forever apart or they can be used to join us together in our common understanding of one another.
		I think that many languages have died out over the years because those languages were unable to survive the onslaught of a dominate language that overtook that native language because it, the dominate language, was spoken by a people that dominated the native people.
		Learning a language that is spoken at home or in the neighborhood where you reside is always a good thing to know but one must always keep in mind the bigger picture the picture that better assures you and your family a brighter future now and tomorrow.
	thinkers.net /talk/messages/6/1010.html?1157717008 (4857 words)

	Roma people - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		Analysis of the Romany language has shown that it is related to languages spoken in northern India and Pakistan, such as Hindi and Punjabi.
		Their language seems to be grammatically identical with other (Swiss) German dialects; the origin of the lexicon however, incorporates German, Romany, Yiddish and other words.
		Their language, Shelta, is mainly based on an Irish Gaelic lexicon and an English-based grammar, with influence from Romany.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/r/o/m/Roma_people.html (3594 words)

	UK Real Estate : Property2u.com
		Romany (or Romani) is the language of the Roma and Sinti, travelling peoples often referred to in English as "gypsies" and in the East and Central Europe known as tsigane.
		The Romany language is rather a collection of related languages that comprise all the members of a single genetic subgroup.
		Because variants of the language are only now in the process of being codified in those countries with high Roma populations (for example, Slovakia), these variants are sometimes classified as dialects.
	www.property2u.com /realestate/uk/history.php?point=Romany_Language.html (314 words)

	UrbanPK.com
		Language of importance for the Independence Movement and national unity remains Urdu, while Arabic and Persian are arguably the most influential languages in academic circles of the country.
		The language is also the first language of the Muhajir [Original Immigrants that left India for Pakistan after Independence] community, as a sign and living testimony of their loyalty and unity with the Muslim brothers of their new homeland and of the entire Sub-Continent.
		Kashmiri is the language of Azad Kashmir and the Kashmiri immigrants from Indian occupied Kashmir.
	www.urbanpk.com /pages/content/discover/language.php (5772 words)

	Pakistan
		Urdu and English are both recognised as the official languages of Pakistan.
		Urdu is the lingua franca of the people, being widely spoken as a second language, although it is the mother tongue of only 7.57% of the population, mainly Muhajirs (Muslim refugees from India after 1947), while an unknown percentage of Punjabis of urban areas appear to be switching to the usage of Urdu as well.
		In addition, small groups of non-Indo-European languages are also spoken, including Brahui, a Dravidian language, and Burushaski, a language isolate.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/p/pa/pakistan.html (5674 words)

	[No title]
		PAHARI (properly Pahari, the language of the mountains), a general name applied to the Indo-Aryan languages or dialects spoken in the lower ranges of the Himalaya from Nepal in the east, to Chamba of the Punjab in the west.
		With the pride of birth these new-born Rajputs inherited the language of their fathers, and thus the tongue of the ruling class, and subsequently of the whole population of this portion of the Himalaya, became a form of Rajasthani, the language spoken in distant Rajputana.
		The Rajputs of Gurkha could not impose their language upon these as they did upon the Khasas, but, owing to its being the tongue of the ruling race, it ultimately became generally understood and employed as the lingua franca of this polyglot country.
	stron.frm.pl /wiki.php?title=Pahari (2110 words)

	Punjabi language
		The language, in its structure, shows signs of dravadian influences and also seems to be a sister language to Sindhi and Serieki.
		Punjabi is the predominantly spoken language in the Punjab province of Pakistan (and the most widely spoken language in Pakistan according to the CIA factbook), although it has no official status there, and both Urdu and English are preferred languages of the elite.
		The main dialects of Punjabi are Lahori, Doabi, Malwai and Powadhi in India, and Pothohari, Lahndi and Multani in Pakistan.
	www.ekenjy.co.za /wiki/Punjabi_language (1026 words)

	Punjabi language Summary
		Panjabi (or Punjabi) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in a contiguous region in northwestern India and northeastern Pakistan.
		Punjabi is the predominant spoken language in the Punjab province of Pakistan although it has no official status there, and both Urdu and English are preferred languages of the elite.
		Punjabi is the preferred language of the Sikhs, in which some of their religious literature is written.
	www.bookrags.com /Punjabi_language (1193 words)

	The difference between Punjabi & Gurmukhi (Part 1)
		Punjabi is an Indian language which belongs to the outer-circle of the Indo-Aryan languages and distantly related English being a member of the same Indo-European language family.
		It is a modern Indo-Aryan language spoken mainly in the Punjab states of both India and Pakistan.
		As far as the language is concerned in Punjab the language that is and was spoken is called Punjabi.
	www.khalsa.com /sikhnet/discussion.nsf/78f5a2ff8906d1788725657c00732d6c/4ec52c6c350c6ce68725690e00337b7a!OpenDocument (1439 words)

	Punjabi - SikhiWiki, free Sikh encyclopedia.
		Punjabi is also spoken as a minority language in several other countries where Punjabis have emigrated in large numbers such as the United States, Australia, the United Kingdom (where it is the second most commonly used language[3]) and Canada (where it is the fifth most commonly used language[4]).
		Punjabi is the preferred language of the Sikhs, as some of their religious literature is written in it.
		The main dialects of Punjabi are Majhi, Doabi, Malwai and Powadhi in India, and Pothohari, Lahndi and Multani in Pakistan.
	www.sikhiwiki.org /index.php?title=Punjabi (480 words)

	Roma People - Gypsies - Crystalinks
		Alternate spellings of "Rroma" for the people and "Rromanes" for the language, were rejected by the last World Romani Congress, which defined the universal Romani alphabet.
		The English term Gypsy (or Gipsy), originates from the Greek word 'Aigyptoi' in the erroneous belief that the Roma originated in Egypt, and were exiled as punishment for allegedly harboring the infant Jesus.
		The Romani language and Roma music were banned from public performance in Bulgaria.
	www.crystalinks.com /romapeople.html (3595 words)

	UCLA Language Materials Project Language Profiles Page
		Punjabi is the official language of the Indian state of Punjab and is also one of the official languages of Delhi.
		Although not considered an official language in the Pakistani province of Punjab, the language is spoken by the majority of the population.
		Punjabi is an Indo-Aryan language of the Indo-Iranian subgroup of the Indo-European language family.
	www.lmp.ucla.edu /Profile.aspx?LangID=95&menu=004 (1559 words)

	Punjabi language - Information at Halfvalue.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Unusually for an Indo-European language, Punjabi is tonal; the tones arose as a reinterpretation of different consonant series in terms of pitch.
		Punjabi is the predominantly spoken language in the Punjab province of Pakistan (and the most widely spoken language in Pakistan see CIA factbook), although it has no official status there, and both Urdu and English are preferred languages of the elite.
		Punjabi is the preferred language of the Sikhs because much of their religious literature is written in a similar language.
	www.halfvalue.com /wiki.jsp?topic=Punjabi_language (1116 words)

	Punjabi
		Languages of the World is brought to you by the National Virtual Translation Center.
		Eastern Punjabi is one of the 22 official languages and 14 regional languages of India.
		Punjabi is the religious language of the Sikhs.
	www.nvtc.gov /lotw/months/february/punjabi.html (1049 words)

	Pothohari - Information at Halfvalue.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Pothohari can mean either an inhabitant of Pothohar, an area in the north of Pakistani Punjab province, or the language spoken in the region.
		Pothohari is a member of the Western Pahari ('Pahaari') group of dialects; Western Pahari dialects include: Potwari, Kangri, Kullu, etc. The term 'Pahaari/Pahari' in Hindi, Urdu, or Punjabi means "(language) of the mountain people".
		Pothohari is an Indo-Aryan language and along with standard Punjabi has been traced to be the source language of the Roma/Sinti people of Europe.
	www.halfvalue.com /wiki.jsp?topic=Pothohari (268 words)

	Punjabi to be given its due, says Pervaiz -DAWN - National; January 28, 2006
		The chief minister said the Punjabi language had a treasure of poetry and prose and it was the duty of all to transfer it to the coming generations.
		He said Urdu was Pakistan’s national language, but it did not mean that people should forget their regional languages.
		The chief minister said Sindh had 17 institutions for the promotion of the Sindhi language and the NWFP and Balochistan three each for the advancement of their respective regional languages.
	www.dawn.com /2006/01/28/nat29.htm (516 words)

	SIKHWORLD.CO.UK
		Sikhs are expected to make an effort at learning the Gurmukhi script and teaching it to their children in order to read the Guru Granth Sahib in its original written form.
		The assumption a lot of people seem to make is that there is a language called Punjabi (what we use everyday) and there is the language called Gurmukhi - the language used to write the Guru Granth Sahib.
		The area where Pothohari is spoken extends in the north from Kashmir to as far south as Jehlum and Gujar Khan and includes the capital of Pakistan, Islamabad.
	www.sikhworld.co.uk /page26.html (959 words)

	Roma people - Article from FactBug.org - the fast Wikipedia mirror site
		There is no relationship between the names Roma/Rroma (people) and Romany/Rromany/Romanes language, and the country of Romania, Romanians and Romanian language, or the city of Rome (Roma in Italian, Romanian and Latin).
		Analysis of Romany has shown that it is related to languages spoken in northern India and Pakistan, such as Hindi and Punjabi.
		Their language is mainly based on an Irish Gaelic lexicon and an English-based grammar, with influence from Romany.
	www.factbug.org /cgi-bin/a.cgi?a=26152 (2547 words)

	Pal do pal ka shayar at Kafila
		The hegemonic politics of languages is frightening whether it is the death of Urdu in ‘our’ part of the world or that of Punjabi in ‘theirs’.
		It was the language of a culturally and politically empowered elite.
		Language is rather like biological species or states, it is nice for taxonomical purposes to have boundaries but there really is no such thing as a ‘pure’ language, is there?
	www.kafila.org /2007/01/16/pal-do-pal-ka-shayar (6173 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		In the English language, the concept of Central Europe fell out of usage during Cold War, shadowed by notions of Eastern and Western Europe.
		There are three Sami languages that are spoken in Finland: Northern Sami, Inari Sami and Skolt Sami.
		The right of minority groups (in particular Sami and Roma people) to cherish their culture and language is protected by law, but usually only Sami is considered to be an official minority language.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/R/Roma-people.htm (860 words)

	Online Punjabi Teaching
		One of the more interesting facts about the Punjabi language is that where it is numerically the most widely spoken, in Pakistani Punjab, it is hardly written at all.
		However, the literary period of the language begins with the sacred scriptures of the Sikhs, the Guru Granth Sahib, This collection of writings by the Sikh Gurus is probably the first manuscript of the Punjabi language.
		It is important to note that two phonetic features of all North Indian Languages are the system of contrasts between aspirated and unaspirated consonants and the contrast between retroflex and dental consonants.
	www.learnpunjabi.org /intro1.asp (1454 words)

	Punjabi - Pakistan - a Wikia wiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Punjabi is spoken in the eastern province of Punjab.
		The language itself is very ancient and has a rich history of literature and writing.
		It is very slowly seeing a comeback especially in art and literature, and there are now calls for the language to be used as a medium of education in Punjab, just as Sindhi is in the Sindh Province.
	pakistan.wikia.com /wiki/Punjabi (297 words)

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