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Topic: Poverty line in the United States

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	Poverty line - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The poverty line is useful as an economic tool by which to measure such people and consider socioeconomic reforms such as welfare and unemployment insurance to reduce poverty.
		Determining the poverty line is often done by considering the essential resources that an average human adult consumes in one year and then summing their cost.
		Using a poverty line is problematic because having an income marginally above it is not substantially different from having an income marginally below it: the negative effects of poverty tend to be continuous rather than discrete, and the same low income affects different people in different ways.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Poverty_line (952 words)

	Federal Government of the United States - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The legislative branch consists of the United States Congress, while the Supreme Court of the United States is the head of the judicial branch.
		The United States Department of Justice represents the U.S. government in legal matters and courts of law, and renders legal advice and opinions upon request to the president and to the heads of the executive departments.
		The United States courts of appeals are "appellate courts" that hear appeals of cases decided by the district courts.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Federal_Government_of_the_United_States (3458 words)

	Poverty in the United States, by Isabel V. Sawhill: The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics: Library of Economics and ...
		In 1990 the poverty line for a family of four was $13,359.
		The poverty rate among the elderly, for example, after declining dramatically from 35.2 percent in 1959 to 12.2 percent in 1990, is now lower than for the rest of the population.
		Indeed, the incidence of poverty was as high in the late eighties as it was in the late sixties, and the average poverty rate for the eighties was 2 percentage points higher than the average for the seventies.
	www.econlib.org /library/Enc/PovertyintheUnitedStates.html (2680 words)

	Poverty Increases And Median Income Declines For Second Consecutive Year, Revised 9/29/03
		Increases in poverty rates and in the number of people in poverty were widespread across various population groups, but in a number of cases, the increases in poverty rates were not large enough to pass statistical significance tests.
		The fl poverty rate rose from 22.7 percent in 2001 to 24 percent in 2002, and the number of fls who were poor increased by 500,000 or 700,000, depending on which definitional category of fls is used.
		According to Census, the report is intended to expand the understanding of the nature of poverty in the United States by complementing the official income-based measures of poverty.
	www.cbpp.org /9-26-03pov.htm (2154 words)

	Encyclopedia: Poverty line in the United States (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census) is a part of the United States Department of Commerce.
		The War on Poverty (1964-1968) was a campaign of legislation and social services aimed at reducing or eliminating poverty in the United States of America.
		Medicaid in the United States is a program managed by the states and funded jointly by the states and federal government to provide health insurance for individuals and families with low incomes and resources.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Poverty-line-in-the-United-States (1139 words)

	Who are you calling poor?, by Godfried Engbersen
		The coexistence of public poverty and private affluence in the West is nothing new and has given rise to heated debate on several occasions in the post-war period.
		Poverty is now no longer understood as an absolute threat to physical existence (subsistence poverty) but as the situation of people who do not achieve the standard of living that is usual in their own society and are therefore unable to participate in it.
		The job of the "poverty researcher" resembles that of the legendary king of Corinth, who was condemned to push a boulder up a mountain, only to have it roll down to the bottom every time he got it almost to the top.
	mondediplo.com /1999/09/06poverty (2122 words)

	Income Elasticity of the Poverty Line
		Poverty lines and minimum subsistence budgets before World War I were, in constant dollars, generally between 43 and 54 percent of Mollie Orshansky's poverty threshold for 1963.
		In the U.S., the poverty/subsistence line as measured by the Douglas minimum subsistence level and the Orshansky poverty line was between 1.5 and 1.9 times as high in real terms for 1963 as it was for 1923.
		Similarly, when Orshansky's poverty line was adopted as the federal government's new quasi-official poverty line in May 1965, it was 14 percent higher in real terms than a low-income line in a study by Lampman published in 1959, only six years earlier.
	aspe.os.dhhs.gov /poverty/papers/elassmiv.htm (3290 words)

	Article by Gordon Fisher on the development of the federal poverty thresholds
		Orshansky did not develop the poverty thresholds as a standard budget that is, a list of goods and services that a family of a specified size and composition would need to live at a designated level of well being, together with their estimated monthly or annual costs.
		For poverty at the "economy level" that is, the definition of poverty derived from the economy food plan that is still in use today the thresholds for unrelated individuals were set at 80 percent of the corresponding thresholds for two person families.
		Nonfarm poverty thresholds for the base year 1963 were retained, and the new annual adjustment and farm/nonfarm provisions were applied to them to yield revised poverty thresholds for both earlier and later years; revised poverty population data for 1959 and subsequent years were tabulated using the revised thresholds.
	www.ssa.gov /history/fisheronpoverty.html (8831 words)

	Poverty in the United States (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The official definition of poverty in the United States is based on the income of a family in relation to the amount a family consumes, along with the size and composition of the family.
		A person, or family, is at the poverty level if their income equals the cost of a minimum diet, multiplied by three to allow for other basic needs.
		Poverty levels among Black and Hispanic people have generally gone down since 1980, yet it is clear that these races are still incredibly impoverished in comparison to others.3 in 10 Hispanics live below the poverty level, compared to 1 in 10 non-Hispanics.
	www.plu.edu /~poverty/stats/home.html (1326 words)

	Fraser Institute (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The result is a "revised" basic-needs poverty line fully consistent with the initial scheme but incorporating new developments in the literature, external critiques of the approach, and better (and more comprehensive) data.
		While the rate of consumption poverty is somewhat lower than that of income poverty, the trend is quite similar; that is, a sharp decline before 1980 and relative stability afterwards.
		This does not mean that poverty is increasing; rather it is the result of a revised basic-needs poverty line that attempts to be more thorough and comprehensive in accounting for and costing the basic necessities of life.
	www.fraserinstitute.ca /shared/readmore.asp?sNav=pb&id=216 (1796 words)

	Poverty in the world’s richest country -DAWN - Business; October 3, 2005
		The number of people living below the poverty line in the United States is estimated at a staggering 37 million or 12.7 per cent of the country’s population.
		The US poverty rate of 12.7 percent is reported to be the highest in the developed world, while it is reportedly more than twice as high as in most other industrialized countries.
		One of the main reasons for increase in poverty in the US in the recent years is low wages for workers of all races.
	www.dawn.com /2005/10/03/ebr12.htm (787 words)

	How Do I File an Affidavit of Support for a Relative? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		You must also be a U.S. citizen or national or an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence, be at least 18 years of age, domiciled in the United States, and meet all of the financial requirements of a sponsor pursuant to INA 213A.
		When you have completed the affidavit of support, compiled the necessary documentation, and had the affidavit notarized in the United States or before a U.S. consular or immigration officer, you should provide this packet of information to your relative to submit with his or her application for permanent resident status.
		For the 48 Contiguous States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and Guam:
	uscis.gov /graphics/howdoi/affsupp.htm (2677 words)

	POVERTY LINE FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		People who have an income below the poverty line have no discretionary disposable_income, by definition.
		To overcome this poverty indexes are sometimes used instead; see income_inequality_metrics.
		Notice that if everyone's income in an economy increases, but the income_distribution stays the same, relative poverty will also stay the same.
	www.bellabuds.com /poverty_line (919 words)

	2001 Federal Poverty Guidelines
		The poverty guidelines are sometimes loosely referred to as the "federal poverty level" (FPL), but that phrase is ambiguous and should be avoided, especially in situations (e.g., legislative or administrative) where precision is important.
		Note that the poverty thresholds — the original version of the poverty measure — have never had separate figures for Alaska and Hawaii.
		The poverty guidelines (unlike the poverty thresholds) are designated by the year in which they are issued.
	aspe.hhs.gov /poverty/01poverty.htm (620 words)

	Relative_poverty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		When comparing poverty across countries, the PPP exchange rates are used.
		A poverty line relies on a quantitative measure of income.
		If a government guarantees to make income up to some particular level then being below that line is presumably being in poverty - the problem is that if a government becomes more stingy, then poverty may appear to decrease.
	www.freecaviar.com /search.php?title=Relative_poverty (896 words)

	History of the Poverty Thresholds (Overview)
		In April-May 1965, it was decided to set farm poverty thresholds at 70 percent of the corresponding nonfarm thresholds, and to update the thresholds for annual price changes by the yearly change in the per capita cost of the economy food plan.
		The Subcommittee on Updating the Poverty Threshold recommended that the poverty thresholds be updated every ten years using a revised food plan and a multiplier derived from the latest available food consumption survey; this would generally have resulted in higher poverty thresholds at each decennial revision.
		The poverty threshold matrix was extended to make the largest family size category "nine persons or more" rather than "seven or more persons." These changes reduced the number of thresholds in the detailed matrix of poverty thresholds from 124 to 48.
	aspe.hhs.gov /poverty/papers/hptgssiv.htm (1258 words)

	Poverty and Education
		Lyndon B. Johnson declared that poverty was the greatest war that is being fought on American soil.
		Moreover, education is one area of society that feels the effects of poverty more strongly than any other.
		As of now, there are 15 million children living below the poverty line in the United States alone.
	www.bsu.edu /web/kavermillion (106 words)

	ILAB - Table I-4. Percent of Population Below the National and International Poverty Line in Selected Countries (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Note: The proverty rates based on national poverty lines are derived from a host of studies, mostly country studies that used a common methodology and similar poverty lines.
		The poverty rates based on national poverty lines represent the percentage of the population (rural, urban, or national) that is below the poverty line, except for El Salvador, Malaysia, and the Philippines where they represent the percentage of households rather than population.
		Under the EU and OECD standard, poverty line is set at 50 percent of the median adjusted disposable personal income; estimate for Israel supplied by U.S. Embassy-Tel Aviv.
	www.dol.gov /ILAB/media/reports/oiea/wagestudy/Table%20I-4.htm (287 words)

	One in six children live in relative poverty -- Roach 320 (7250): 1621 -- BMJ
		The report looked at both absolute poverty, which was defined as households with incomes below the official poverty line in
		In the league table of relative child poverty, the bottom four places out of 23 are occupied by the United Kingdom, Italy,
		A League Table of Child Poverty in Rich Nations can be obtained from www.unicef-icdc.org.
	bmj.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/320/7250/1621 (354 words)

	CCHD cycle tour to publicize problem of U.S. poverty
		WASHINGTON (March 5, 2003) -- The Catholic Campaign for Human Development (CCHD) announced today that it is sponsoring a bike ride across America to focus public attention on poverty in the United States and on the need to promote permanent solutions toward breaking the cycle of poverty.
		In the United States, one out of every six children lives in poverty and one out of every 10 families is poor.
		Established by the Catholic Bishops of the United States, the Catholic Campaign for Human Development is one of the largest private funders of self-help programs initiated and led by low-income people in the United States.
	salt.claretianpubs.org /sjnews/2003/03/sjn0303g.html (537 words)

	World Hunger Notes--The Time Has Come For Economic Human Rights! by Shauna Olson and Anuradha Mittal
		Such reflection is especially important in the United States, given the strong leadership role that it played in the drafting and adoption of the UDHR.
		Hunger in the United States is increasing for a variety of reasons, but poverty and growing inequality are at the root of all of them.
		This campaign is bringing the human face of poverty to the forefront of debates which so often lapse into muddled collages of catch phrases and sound bites.
	www.worldhunger.org /articles/us/olson.htm (1577 words)

	Study Details Harmful Economic Effects of Divorce on Children, Families
		"Poverty is the result of many factors, but most have to do with marriage, sex before marriage, living together outside of marriage, and divorce after marriage," according to Fagan, a former family counselor.
		One of the surest ways for Congress to help poor children is by promoting policies that support marriage, such as eliminating the provision of the Earned Income Tax Credit that reduces benefits to women who wed the fathers of their children—which in effect dissuades poor women from getting married.
		For their part, state governments should enforce full compliance with child-support laws and make divorces harder to obtain when children are involved, Fagan says.
	www.heritage.org /Press/NewsReleases/nr061199.cfm (688 words)

	U.S. Child Poverty Rate Highest in Industrial Nations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		At the same time, however, the world's richest children live in the United States, according to the annual UNICEF report on children.
		Among white children born in the United States since 1980, about half spend some phase of their adolescence in a mother-only family.
		Among rich industrialized nations, the United States also has the highest rate of births to teen-aged mothers - 64 per 1,000 births - compared to Japan with four births and Italy with nine births per 1,000.
	www.calstatela.edu /faculty/tlarson/kidpov.htm (591 words)

	Editorial: Children in poverty / The world's richest nation should be embarrassed (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The United States likes to boast that it's the most powerful nation in the world.
		In Finland, that rate is 2.8 percent; it's 3.4 percent in Norway, and 4.2 percent in Sweden.
		In Mexico and the United States, however, the rates are 27.7 percent and 21.9 percent, respectively.
	www.post-gazette.com /pg/05074/471419.stm (386 words)

	Poverty - How the Census Bureau Measures Poverty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Poverty thresholds are the dollar amounts used to determine
		Family A's ratio of income to poverty was 1.11.
		The official measure of poverty was established by the
	www.census.gov /hhes/poverty/povdef.html (430 words)

	Children's Defense Fund
		In 2002, nearly four million children were among the approximately 8.6 million Latinos who lived below the poverty line in the United States.
		The poverty rate for children of Mexican heritage is 29.4 percent, the second highest rate among all groups of Latino children.
		The high poverty rate among children of Mexican heritage demands that Congress act.
	www.childrensdefense.org /pressreleases/040505.aspx (649 words)

	NCCP \| National Center for Children in Poverty
		States can offer critical assistance to children in low-income immigrant families by using their own funds to provide them with the supports available to native-born families.
		Now is the time for poverty to return to the national agenda and to ensure that no more children are left behind.
		Op-Ed, A Poverty of Understanding, in TomPaine.com, September 30, 2005.
	www.nccp.org (363 words)

	The outpouring . . . - The Washington Times: Commentary - April 11, 2005 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		They stood in a line at least a mile long, sometimes 30 abreast.
		Huddled in blankets in the evening cold, and gratefully accepting bottled water from priests patrolling the line during the hot daylight hours, the mourners -- who wanted one last glimpse of Pope John Paul II -- waited patiently for up to 12 hours.
		Nor is it possible to conceive of the great figures of European history apart from their Christianity.
	www.washtimes.com /commentary/20050410-103554-5761r.htm (663 words)

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