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Topic: Powell Doctrine

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	Questions for Powell
		On policy matters, he may be asked to explain the so-called Powell Doctrine (which calls for an overwhelming use of force when the military is unleashed), his initial skepticism toward US involvement in the Gulf War and his advocacy of a Pentagon budget that would permit the United States to fight two regional conflicts simultaneously.
		In July 1968, Powell was sent to Vietnam and assigned to the Americal Division as an executive officer.
		In his memoirs Powell claimed that he told the investigators in 1987 that Weinberger kept notes but that he (Powell) had not considered these papers to be a diary until they were shown to him in 1991.
	www.thirdworldtraveler.com /Politicians/Questions_Powell.html (1291 words)

	Powell Doctrine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Powell Doctrine, also known as the Powell Doctrine of Overwhelming Force, was elaborated by General Colin Powell in the run up to the 1990-1991 Gulf War.
		It is based in large part on the Weinberger Doctrine, devised by Caspar Weinberger, former Secretary of Defense and Powell's former boss.
		Powell expanded upon the Doctrine, asserting that when a nation is engaging in war, every resource and tool should be used to achieve overwhelming force against the enemy, minimizing US casualties and ending the conflict quickly by forcing the weaker force to capitulate.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Powell_Doctrine (388 words)

	About the "Powell Doctrine"
		In fact, the Powell Doctrine was actually the Weinberger Doctrine, and the experience in Kosovo may not have done it as much damage as some of the recent interpretations suggest.
		Powell became further identified with the Weinberger Doctrine because he was Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff during the Gulf War.
		Powell's right wing opponents, seeking to block his nomination as a Republican candidate, misconstrued the Weinberger Doctrine as a weakness and timidity, relabeled it, and then used it as an instrument in a "Stop Powell Movement."
	www.afa.org /magazine/Aug1999/0899powell.asp (654 words)

	www.markdanner.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Powell's life flicker past, and as the fruits of the American victory became clear - a ravaged city; an elusive enemy, most of whom had escaped; a countrywide counterattack in which insurgents seized parts of Mosul - I felt a ghostly echo of words I could not quite grasp.
		Powell's successor, so much of the commentary seemed focused on her "closeness" to the president that it might have seemed the height of indiscretion to point out that she has been something of a disaster in her present job - a fact widely acknowledged among foreign policy professionals.
		While the Powell Doctrine is generally thought simply to prescribe the setting of clear objectives and the use of overwhelming force to achieve them, it also sets out a series of questions that policymakers must ask and answer before committing American lives to war.
	www.markdanner.com /nyt/112104_powell.htm (1193 words)

	Searching for Colin Powell - Salon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Powell will have the $10 million advance of former President Clinton to aim for, and some publisher will no doubt be willing to help him surpass that record amount.
		Powell and his aides have nurtured the impression that he was often the voice of moderation and reason in arguments over policy within the administration.
		Powell will work hard in his book to construct a positive image of his legacy while at the same time trying to make up in gravitas what it lacks in gossip.
	dir.salon.com /story/opinion/feature/2004/03/26/powell/print.html (1355 words)

	TIME.com Print Page: World -- Will America Still Love Colin Powell? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Powell, after all, brings to the table a true-blue Horatio Alger story — fl kid from the Bronx made good with no special favors — as well as a remarkable track record in the military, an almost unprecedented wealth of goodwill from across the political spectrum and a commanding moral authority.
		Powell, of course, was furious, and publicly challenged the assertion — certainly nobody believes he had a leading role in that scandal, and it's unlikely to impede his passage to Foggy Bottom.
		Powell believes the Clinton administration's approach of limited use of force for limited objectives is the military equivalent of a Hail Mary pass — the outcome is far from certain, and if limited force fails it then becomes necessary for the U.S. to expand its commitment in what potentially can become a quagmire.
	www.time.com /time/world/printout/0,8816,94626,00.html (1266 words)

	Powell: Redemption calls for truth to the country : ICT [2004/11/18]
		Powell delivered it on behalf of the president and his neo-con circle and has had to live with a diminishing sense of personal status ever since.
		Powell, pundits claim, was successful in holding off some of the wilder neo-con tendencies but ultimately failed to convince the president on the need for a multilateral approach to global politics.
		The Powell Doctrine was the culmination of 50 years of patient alliance-making by the United States foreign service over 10 administrations and it contained a great deal of wisdom.
	www.indiancountry.com /content.cfm?id=1096409883 (766 words)

	The Powell Leadership Doctrine (6/1/01)
		After the photographer snapped the picture, Powell spoke to the directors for a few minutes, telling them how important their work is and asking them to pass on that personal message from the Secretary of State to the workers in the passport offices.
		Powell may be committed to improving the department, but he faces the effects of decades of management neglect.
		Powell sees the Internet as a tool for dealing with a changing reality: nation-to-nation negotiation no longer is the primary method of international relations, but just one of many methods, including multilateral negotiations, dealings with nongovernmental organizations, corporations and the people, rather than the governments, of other countries.
	www.govexec.com /features/0601/0601s1.htm (3790 words)

	Powell backs Bush's pre-emptive doctrine-World-NEWS-The Times of India (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Bush's proposed doctrine of pre-emptive strike is a take-off on the similar Powell doctrine, adapted when the latter was the Chairman of Chiefs of Joint Staff.
		Bush doctrine, proposed by the president recently, states that Cold War doctrines of deterrence and containment are no longer sufficient in a world of terrorist threats and hostile states armed with chemical, biological and nuclear weapons.
		The Powell doctrine states that United States should be cautious in its use of force, but it should overwhelm its opponents to ensure victory if action is taken.
	timesofindia.indiatimes.com /articleshow.asp?art_id=13085681 (578 words)

	Bush vs. Powell
		Powell is hostile to any such policy, in part because such a policy might require a broader military engagement.
		Then, in the run-up to Desert Storm, Powell worried, in accord with his Powell Doctrine, that the American people were not united for war behind the first President Bush (as they were not).
		Powell seems now to be as sensitive to global public opinion as he once was to what he took to be American public opinion.
	www.newamericancentury.org /bushpowell-092501.htm (806 words)

	American Thinker: Colinoscopy: examining Colin Powell
		Powell was apparently one of only five Pentagon employees who knew of the shipment of arms to Iran, yet he escaped any and all of the repercussions that have continued to this day to trail everyone else involved in this affair.
		Powell allowed himself to be fooled at the UN by the French, who promised a limited measure of support for action if Powell were able to persuade the administration to continue to deal with the UN.
		Powell was also a proponent of the noxious use of the phrase 'cycle of violence' when addressing the issue of Israeli self—defensive measures against Palestinian terrorism.
	www.americanthinker.com /articles.php?article_id=4445 (2436 words)

	Colin L. Powell - SourceWatch
		Powell had served in that capacity throughout the first administration of George W. Bush.
		Prior to his appointment as Secretary of State Powell "was the chairman of America's Promise: The Alliance for Youth, a national nonprofit organization dedicated to mobilizing people from every sector of American life to build the character and competence of young people."[1]
		His last assignment, from October 1, 1989 to September 30, 1993, was as the 12th Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the highest military position in the Department of Defense.
	www.sourcewatch.org /index.php?title=Colin_L._Powell (507 words)

	Josh Dormont: "The Powell Factor" - Gaines Junction
		Powell's frustration sitting through the prolonged and undisciplined meetings of the Joint Chiefs before he left office was evident, and he repeatedly separated himself from the administration he believed to be heading in the wrong direction.
		Powell, however, thought the idea was ludicrous, calling the plans at one point “lunacy.”59Powell's concerns never dissuaded the President from war.
		Vietnam taught Powell to be wary of political leaders making military decisions, and 9/11 taught the administration that they could not “wait for the smoking gun to be a mushroom cloud,”60an underlying premise for preemption.
	gainesjunction.tamu.edu /issues/vol3num1/jdormont (7110 words)

	AlterNet: The Tragedy of Colin Powell
		Powell broke ranks with the administration last year to maintain his life-long support for affirmative action during the University of Michigan case (the same case where the Bush Administration filed a friend-of-the-court brief against affirmative action).
		Powell the diplomat was birthed by Powell the soldier.
		Powell had set himself up to be the voice of conscience in an administration that did not appear to have one.
	www.alternet.org /story/19408 (1464 words)

	What Happened to The Powell Doctrine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		But when Colin Powell was Gen. Powell, he enunciated the rule that the key to success in any military conflict was the use of overwhelming force.
		Today, the Powell Doctrine seems obvious, but it was not at the time.
		Colin Powell's doctrine failed in Iraq just as carpet bombing of south East Asia failed to prop up the regime in south Vietnam.
	www.palestinemonitor.org /media/what_happened_to_the_powell_doct.htm (979 words)

	The Belgravia Dispatch: Sound Military Doctrine
		Mr Powell, like Mr Weinberger and much of the US military, was determined to avoid large-scale debacles such as the Vietnam war and minor disasters such as the Somalia intervention in 1992-93.
		The primary reason that the Powell Doctrine will supercede the "humanitarian hawks" is that, thanks to Bushco, the US no longer has the moral authority or diplomatic standing to lead international coalitions designed to stop genocidal campaigns.
		Powell followed his marching orders, remained the good soldier and must spend the rest of his days contemplating his moral and political failure at this turning point in his tenure at state.
	www.belgraviadispatch.com /2006/11/sound_military_doctrine.html (5656 words)

	Jerusalem Cloakroom #104: Israel's Military Response - "Powell Doctrine" Lite
		Israeli response to PLO terrorism has been significantly milder than the Powell Doctrine, although the threat has been significantly higher and on Israel's own borders.
		Powell defined the operation as "Appropriate, proportional and consistent with Article 51 of the UN Charter" (Washington Post, June 28, 1993).
		Powell oversaw the December 20, 1989, 25,000 troops invasion, in pursuit of a narco-dictator (milder than Arafat, an ally of Saddam and a mortal enemy of Israel and the Hashemites), using the F-117 Stealth aircraft for the first time, hitting the PDF headquarters and the El Chorrillo neighborhood in Panama City.
	www.acpr.org.il /cloakrm/clk104.html (793 words)

	Our New Reality
		Powell is an avowed multilateralist, meaning that he strongly believes in building international support for major U.S. actions abroad, including the recently concluded conflict in Afghanistan.
		One of Powell's primary goals was to convince citizens and governments of non-radical Muslim countries such as Pakistan, Egypt and Indonesia that the U.S. sought vengeance against al Qaeda and the Taliban specifically, not the Islamic world in its entirety.
		Powell rose to national prominence during the 1991 Gulf War in his role as chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, making him the military's top uniformed commander.
	www.mtv.com /ournewreality/factfiles/powell.jhtml (638 words)

	Does anyone remember the POWELL DOCTRINE???
		Powell, currently the U.S. secretary of state, has recently invoked the Doctrine in articulating the justifications for the Bush administration's preparations for war in Iraq.
		Powell based this strategy for warfare in part on the views held by his former boss in the Reagan administration, Secretary of Defense Caspar Weinberger, and also on his own experience as a major in Vietnam.
		That protracted campaign, in Powell's view, was representative of a war in which public support was flimsy, the military objectives were not clear, overwhelming force was not used consistently, and an exit strategy was ill defined.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/1114741/posts (1011 words)

	Analysis: Powell’s unfinished legacy - Politics - MSNBC.com
		Alexander Haig, like Powell a general who became secretary of state after retiring from the military, says the most important thing for Powell’s successor to do is to establish a very close, cooperative relationship with the Pentagon, which during Powell’s tenure has often been at odds with the State Department.
		Powell’s own deputy, Deputy Secretary of State Richard Armitage, is widely expected to announce his own departure before the first term ends.
		Powell also became the firefighter when Bush policies sparked outrage in the wider world, whether it was the withdrawal from the Kyoto protocols on greenhouse gas emissions in early 2001 or the sometimes tense policy arguments with NATO allies leading up to the Iraq attack in March 2003.
	www.msnbc.msn.com /id/6493449 (1277 words)

	'Powell Doctrine' meets war in Iraq (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In the aftermath of his military experience in Vietnam, Colin Powell decided that his country should never again be caught in a military quagmire.
		In the early 1990s, he developed "The Powell Doctrine," a set of criteria to determine when military force should be used: As a last resort, with strong public support and only if there is a well-defined national interest at stake.
		As the Powell Doctrine asserts, the rationale for war should be forthright and compelling.
	www.sfgate.com /cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2003/02/25/ED56276.DTL (413 words)

	Congressman Pete Stark
		Specifically, we are concerned that the so-called “Powell Doctrine,” which you authored, has not been followed in the Administration’s planning for a war in Iraq and its aftermath.
		For over a decade, the Powell Doctrine has served presidents of both parties as a guidepost in determining whether or not American Armed Forces should be committed to battle.
		Nonetheless, since you authored and have championed the Powell Doctrine, we would appreciate an opportunity to discuss with you, as soon as possible, the disparities between the Administration’s plans for an Iraq war and the Powell Doctrine.
	www.house.gov /stark/news/108th/powellletter.htm (866 words)

	Does Colin Powell Remember the Powell Doctrine?
		A veteran of the Vietnam War, Powell was determined to prevent another military quagmire.
		In the early 1990s, he developed the Powell Doctrine, a set of criteria for using military force.
		With astonishing hubris, the Bush administration dumped the Powell Doctrine, with its many restraints, for a pre-emptive war strategy that had none.
	hnn.us /articles/1567.html (688 words)

	Powell Doctrine looks better all the times - The Washington Times: Commentary - November 19, 2004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		If you consider that Colin Powell is leaving and George W. Bush is not, it may seem obvious: Powell's reluctance to use American military power is dead, vanquished by Bush's belief in aggressive unilateralism.
		Powell, who was deeply affected by the futility of Vietnam, preached that the United States should go to war only under certain stringent conditions -- when an important national interest was at risk, the public broadly supported military action, we could apply overwhelming force, and the exits were clearly marked.
		So it may ultimately be irrelevant that the Powell Doctrine lost its major patron in the Bush administration.
	www.washingtontimes.com /commentary/20041118-041403-4270r.htm (789 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| Front Page \| The Powell doctrine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Their ill-disguised discomfort was due to the concrete demands Powell made on them to bring about the first compared to the vagueness he wanted from Israel to move to the second.
		There were good things in the Powell doctrine, aside from the thrice- mentioned word "occupation", a rarity in recent years of American peacemaking.
		Powell called on Israel to lift the closures on Palestinian lands, halt settlement activity and withdraw a militarised reality where "too many innocent Palestinians, including children, have been killed and wounded." All this, he said, "must stop."
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /2001/561/fr2.htm (805 words)

	Powell's departure \| www.azstarnet.com ®
		Powell took up the cause and pursued the policy as was expected.
		Powell's doctrine was discarded when Rumsfeld became secretary of defense.
		Powell's approach to foreign policy, particularly as he attempted to involve the United Nations in the Iraq war, was by far the wiser course.
	www.azstarnet.com /sn/printDS/48260 (489 words)

	[No title]
		Moreover, because the Powell Doctrine has moved somewhat from the strict constructionist Weinberger position, and because the Clinton Doctrine began its early evolution when Powell was Chairman of the JCS, there are many similarities.
		Both believe in using force in conjunction with the other elements of national power; both recognize that force may be used in a wide spectrum of situations, including those involving peace and humanitarian operations; and both believe in the use of quick, overwhelming, and decisive force for clear military and political objectives.
		In terms of applying that decisive force, the Clinton approach is generally to rely on stand-off, high-tech weapons, while the Powell Doctrine includes a basic distrust of technology as a panacea in the use of force, combined with a recognition that conflict resolution always requires, and conflict termination nearly always requires, the use of landpower.
	www.lycos.com /info/just-war-doctrine--miscellaneous.html (610 words)

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