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Topic: Power margin

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	Margin: The Power of Leverage
		Moreover, while a stock margin is typically 50% of the value of the purchased assets, a futures margin generally ranges from 5-10% of the contract value.
		Maintenance margin is usually less than initial margin, so the amount of cash one needs to carry a position is less than that required to establish the position.
		Margin requirements are met by the cash or equity in the trader's account and that equity is eroded if his futures position starts to lose money.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /courses/sgabriel/securities1/futures/marginpower.htm (674 words)

	Adaptive power margin for hard handoffs in code division multiple access based systems - US Patent 6438116 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		A power margin is derived from the profile such that it may be varied in accordance with high or low load conditions in the system.
		The power margin is then applied to mobiles performing hard handoffs such that they transmit only at the appropriate power level required for a sufficient connection in the cell.
		Since the mobile makes power level updates to the system at a rate of approximately 800 updates per second, the statistics contained in the buffer may be averaged for the pre-handoff 2 seconds and the post-handoff 2 seconds in order to determine the average power difference.
	www.patentstorm.us /patents/6438116.html (3444 words)

	Theory of Margin
		Margin was conceived of as a formula expressing a ratio or relationship between the "load" (of living) and the "power" (to carry the load).
		Thus, a crucial element for meeting learning or other life demands is the ratio between load and power: "Whatever the load and whatever the power (up to a practical level), the crucial element is the surplus or margin of power in excess of load.
		It is this margin that confers autonomy on the individual, gives him [sic] an opportunity to examine a range of options, and enables him [sic] to reinvest his [sic] psychological capital in growth and development" (McClusky, 1974., p.
	www-distance.syr.edu /margin.html (1570 words)

	R22 Helicopters: Confined area operations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		This exercise is closely allied to limited power (exercise 25) and various limited power techniques will be employed in confined area operations, as referred to in the next test.
		During the approach, smooth flying and careful coordination is essential as the power margin may be small.
		The actual touchdown in the clearing, either on a prepared hare standing, or on open ground, is treated as a sloping ground landing Avoid tail up the slope landings and in the event of landing on a pad avoid movement on touchdown that could result in a skid falling off the edge of the pad.
	www.r22helicopters.com /tech26.html (1256 words)

	RF power margin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The amount of transmitter power above that which is computed by the link designer as the minimum required to meet specified link performance.
		Note: The RF power margin allows for uncertainties in (a) empirical components of the signal level prediction method, (b) terrain characteristics, (c) atmospheric conditions, and (d) equipment performance parameters.
		At any given time in an operational link, the reserve transmitter power over that which is required to maintain specified link performance.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/RF_power_margin (127 words)

	Optical power margin: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com - All about Optical power margin
		Optical power margin: In an optical communications link, the difference between (a) the optical power that is launched by a given transmitter into the fiber, less transmission losses from all causes, and (b) the minimum optical power that is required by the receiver for a specified level of performance.
		Note 1: The optical power margin is usually expressed in dB.
		Note 2: The amount of optical power launched into a given fiber by a given transmitter depends on the nature of its active optical source[?] (LED or laser diode) and the type of fiber, including such parameters as core diameter[?] and numerical aperture.
	www.encyclopedian.com /op/Optical-power-margin.html (152 words)

	Power margin indicator for a rotary wing aircraft, particularly a helicopter - US Patent 6411869 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		A power margin indicator acquires rotary wing aircraft control parameters which are used to calculate and display a power margin.
		A power margin indicator such as this is intended to provide information about the power margin available on at least one engine and one gearbox, generally the main gearbox, of said aircraft.
		The power margin indicator 1 according to the invention and depicted diagrammatically in FIG.
	www.patentstorm.us /patents/6411869.html (3743 words)

	Electroexplosives, rf power safety margin measurement method - Patent 4496901
		Disclosed is a method of measuring the effective power absorbed by a resistive device such as an electroexplosive (or substitute) device due to radio-frequency (rf) energy induced in an electrical line connected to the device.
		The available power which may be absorbed by the squib is then derived by calculation, assuming that the load is a close equivalent of the squib.
		However, the impedance and fusing power of the SEMs vary with frequency, i.e., the firing voltage of the fuse may be much higher than that of the squib, and the safety margin, especially for sensitive squibs, may be negative.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4496901.html (2406 words)

	Investor Tips: Margin - Borrowing Money To Pay for Stocks
		Some investors have been shocked to find out that the brokerage firm has the right to sell their securities that were bought on margin – without any notification and potentially at a substantial loss to the investor.
		The margin agreement states that you must abide by the rules of the Federal Reserve Board, the New York Stock Exchange, the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc., and the firm where you have set up your margin account.
		Before trading on margin, the NYSE and NASD, for example, require you to deposit with your brokerage firm a minimum of $2,000 or 100 percent of the purchase price, whichever is less.
	www.sec.gov /investor/pubs/margin.htm (1409 words)

	Article: Harnessing the Power of Margin for Reduced Risk and Greater Profitability (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		The result of Margin Advisor is powerful: accurate and immediate notifications, proactive and effective resolution, hypothetical predictions, holistic view of accounts and portfolios, and ultimately, reduced risk and greater profitability for the firm.
		Margin Advisor's ability to proactively analyze and control margin risk is essential for any firm seeking a more effective way to manage risk, whether a prime broker, correspondent clearer, proprietary trading firm, institutional or retail broker/dealer.
		Margin Advisor ensures prime brokers are completely aware of their customers' activities and how they relate to the firm's credit risk.
	www.securities.sungard.com /margin_advisor/information/newsarticle_apr-4.htm (882 words)

	LAB748 - Measuring Phase Margin
		Phase margin is a critical figure of merit which serves to indicate the stability of a closed loop control system.
		Phase margin is the phase difference between the input and output of an open circuit control loop at a frequency where the loop has unity gain.
		The phase margin was increased to –40.19° by adjusting the compensation network on the PWM controller.
	www.lecroy.com /tm/library/Labs/lab748 (605 words)

	Hummingbirds lose power at high altitudes
		What this means for hummingbirds is less reserve power for the bursts of flight needed to chase off competitors or escape from predators, said researchers from the University of California, Berkeley, and the California Institute of Technology.
		"The power margin decreases at higher elevation, primarily because the stroke amplitude of the wing increases to account for the thinner air," added coauthor Robert Dudley, Altshuler's advisor when both were at the University of Texas, Austin.
		"To correlate wing characteristics with power margin at different elevations, you have to account for the phylogeny — the family tree that shows you how species are related to one another," said coauthor Jimmy A. McGuire, assistant professor of integrative biology at UC Berkeley.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2004-12/uoc--hlp121604.php (1327 words)

	Strategies -- The power investor's guide to margin - MSN Money (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Margin is merely a fancy Wall Street term for borrowing money from your broker to buy more shares of stock than your cash would normally cover.
		Of course, in most years, that amount is lower than the market's typical return of 10.5%, so some margin is generally a good strategy for the long-term stock investor with a sound investing plan.
		If you leverage that $100,000 with 20% margin, borrowing an additional $25,000 and investing it in precisely the same portfolio, your gross profit would be $18,750.
	moneycentral.msn.com /articles/invest/strat/2843.asp (1331 words)

	Information Notice No. 97-85: Effects of Crud Buildup and Boron Deposition on Power Distribution and Shutdown Margin
		On September 6, 1997, with the unit at 70 percent power and with AO at approximately 0 percent, the licensee, in consultation with Westinghouse, reduced reactor power to 30 percent in the hope of releasing the lithium borate from the crud, thereby creating a more positive AO when power was returned to 70 percent.
		When power was increased to 70 percent, approximately 70 percent of the lithium borate that had been released during the power reduction was reabsorbed into the crud.
		Westinghouse and the licensee surmised that the cause of the worsening AO was the release of depleted boron during the power reduction, followed by absorption of fresh boron into the crud during the return to 70 percent power.
	www.nrc.gov /reading-rm/doc-collections/gen-comm/info-notices/1997/in97085.html (1134 words)

	INTRODUCTION
		One of the main reasons for this is that transient stability limits of power flows have increased, consequently to the improvements of protections as well as static var compensators and generator speed and voltage regulators.
		In power system operation a useful concept is the load power margin (LPM); this is a security margin expressed in terms of the amount of additional load (P and Q) which may be supplied by the system under acceptable conditions.
		For a given power system, the available LPM depends on its topology, load level, and available reactive generation and compensation resources, while the amount of margin required depends on the actual load trend.
	www.montefiore.ulg.ac.be /~lwh/Papers/WM1995/node1.html (662 words)

	Invest-FAQ: Five Minute Investing: Chapter 8
		When using margin, the need to have an airtight plan and the discipline to follow that plan is doubly important.
		The other thing to keep in mind with the use of margin is that while current regulations allow us to finance up to 50% of the value of the stocks we own, such a level of leverage is almost never a wise move.
		This use of the maximum allowable amount of margin leverage also means that if the position moves against you, you are likely to lose a huge amount of your account equity, in other words the part of the account you actually own.
	invest-faq.com /fiveminute/chapter8.html (3043 words)

	Professional Trading Solutions - Buying Power FAQs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Buying Power is additional marginable securities that a customer may purchase against the existing marginable securities in an account.
		If you are in a margin account, and you purchase a stock that is unmarginable (for example, a stock that is trading under $5), you will see that the buying power used up is twice what it would be if the stock were marginable.
		In a Day Trading Margin Account with an outstanding Day Trading Call, the DTBP is limited to two times maintenance excess, based on the previous days close, until the call is met or five business days, whichever is first.
	www.protradesol.com /client_resources/Trading/Buying_Power_Faqs.html (2050 words)

	Augusta Securities LTD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		The reason for this is that it is against NASD regulations to calculate buying power in a margin account more than once per day.
		The buying power is calculated first thing in the morning, and any subsequent sales of overnight positions will not release buying power back to you until the next day in a margin account.
		In general, RegT Buying Power is calculated by adding the value of your long positions with your short positions and dividing the total value by two (2) to figure out what your equity requirement at full 50% margin would be.
	www.gbsch.com /client/buyingpower.html (1868 words)

	Margin-Related Balances (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		There are two available to withdraw numbers, cash available to withdraw – funds available that will not create a cash debit, and margin available to withdraw – funds available for withdrawal using margin without creating a margin call.
		The Buying Power amount updates during the day reflecting executed trades or account activity in your account, such as the movement of money and securities.
		If you continue to purchase equities, eventually you will run out of margin excess (buying power) and will no longer be able to meet the margin requirements necessary to acquire additional margin loans.
	personal.fidelity.com /products/stocksbonds/content/margin5.shtml (1004 words)

	Fool.com: Fool FAQ - Margin
		It's important to remember, though, that not all stocks are marginable (that is, able to be purchases on margin).
		For example, suppose you maintain investment at 50% margin (that is, you own $2 in stocks for every $1 in capital).
		In a margin account, margin interest is paid on the amount of money the short positions are in the red.
	www.fool.com /FoolFAQ/FoolFAQ0025.htm (1394 words)

	New Performance Standards for RF Power Generators in Plasma Applications
		A generator with a higher RF Power Margin offers improved performance during the crucial chamber ignition and matching network tuning phases of the plasma process.
		Although power output is rated into a 50 Ohm resistive load at 1.1:1 or less VSWR, plasma applications often involve significant load mismatches with VSWRs of 3.0:1 and higher.
		For maximum plasma repeatability, it is critical that the generator be able to maintain consistent RF forward power during the high VSWR, plasma ignition portion of the process cycle.
	www.mksinst.com /eni-WATTS-TN.html (1864 words)

	How to calculate the link margin(Recever power) please help?
		At the receiving end of the receiver the minimum power required is 100 milliwatt.
		How to calculate whehther the transmitter output power is sufficient to establish the link or not.
		Kindly provide some useful tips about how to calculate the power at the receiving side of the antenna and also what other losses to be considered.
	www.edaboard.com /ftopic91607.html (153 words)

	Power reserve margin cut - BusinessNews - www.theage.com.au
		The reserve margin is the amount of generation capacity above maximum demand that must be provided to ensure power supplies survive generator breakdown.
		Now both states will need a reserve margin equal to the largest generator in the region, a 530 megawatt unit at Loy Yang A, as long as 265 megawatts of that is in South Australia.
		If the private sector does not provide capacity to meet reserve margins, NEMMCo is able to contract itself for the construction of power stations.
	www.theage.com.au /articles/2004/04/14/1081838798379.html (282 words)

	Power Control by Kalman Filter With Error Margin for Wireless IP Networks - Leung (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Abstract: A power-control method based on tracking of interference power by use of a Kalman filter, proposed earlier for packet-switched TDMA wireless networks, does not yield performance gain in case of short message length and/or moderate control delay.
		That is, the transmission power for time slot n is set to be p(n) g d(n) i (n) g(n)...
		K.K. Leung, "Power Control by Kalman Filter with Error Margin for Wireless IP Networks," to be presented at IEEE WCNC'00, Chicago, IL, Sept. 2000.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /leung00power.html (572 words)

	initial margin requirement - Power Search - Your Business Tracker (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		When buying securities on margin, the proportion of the total market value of the securities that the investor must pay for in cash.
		The Security Exchange Act of 1934 gives the board of governors of the Federal Reserve the responsibility to set initial margin requirements, but individual brokerage firms are free to set higher requirements.
		In futures contracts, initial margin requirements are set by the exchange.
	www.psybt.co.uk /business_glossary/initial+margin+requirement.html (216 words)

	Over-write capable magnetooptical recording method with widened power margin, and magnetooptical recording apparatus ...
		It is an object of the present invention to widen the power margin.
		The window margins of Embodiments 6-1, 6-2, and 6-3 (Table 2) waveform-shaped according to the present invention exhibit larger values than Comparative Examples 1, 2, and 3, and the ease of discrimination of data is very good in these embodiments.
		At this time, in the prior art, since the power margin (hatched portion) is close to the vertical line of P.sub.Hmax, the P.sub.H margin is decreased.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5339298.html (13486 words)

	switching power supply phase margin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Frequency Converter, 400Hz AC power source, ruggedized, AC power...
		The state-plane is a very powerful way to look at switching-mode power supplies.
		of the front-end of a power supply, generally by a type of switching regulator; this is followed by output...
	power-supply.blind9.com /switching-power-supply-phase-margin.html (282 words)

	Power Margin Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
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	www.karr.net /search/encyclopedia/Power_margin (281 words)

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