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Topic: Pozzolanic

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	LAVA S.A. - POZZOLANIC ROCK (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Pozzolanic rock is one of the industrial ores in which the island of Milos is abundant.
		Its main attribute is the pozzolanic properties, because of which it is used by the cement industry and for the manufacture of structural products.
		The pozzolanic rock quarry is located at Xylokeratia, on the island of Milos.
	www.lava.gr /uk/text-5.html (121 words)

	pozzolan
		A Pozzolan is a finely-divided material that reacts with calcium hydroxide and alkalies to form compounds possessing cementitious properties.
		Pozzolans are present on earth's surface such as diatomaceous earth, volcanic ash, opaline shale, pumicite, and tuff.
		Natural pozzolans have been used in dams and bridges to lower the heat of hydration and increase resistance of concrete to sulfate attack and control the alkali-silica reaction.
	www.geocities.com /CapeCanaveral/Launchpad/2095/pozzolan.htm (365 words)

	Pozzolans for Lime Mortars by Pat Gibbons
		Pozzolanic materials can combine with uncarbonated lime (calcium hydroxide) to form stable compounds, thus reducing the risk of early leaching or frost damage and increasing the potential durability of the mortar.
		Pozzolanic additives derived from lightly fired and finely crushed clay products, such as clay tile or brick, were used by the Romans and combinations of non-hydraulic lime and low temperature brick dusts have been used over a long period of time.
		The choice of type and quantity of pozzolan to be used with a modern lime mortar will be determined partly by performance requirements and conditions of use, and partly by availability of materials and (especially in the case of modern manufactured pozzolans) of information and experience.
	www.buildingconservation.com /articles/lime/pozzo.htm (2500 words)

	Coal Fly Ash - User Guideline - Stabilized Base
		Pozzolanic Activity: One of the most important properties of fly ash, related to its use in PSB mixtures, is pozzolanic activity or reactivity.
		The pozzolanic reactivity is an indicator of the ability of a given source of fly ash to combine with calcium to form cementitious compounds.
		Besides the gradation of the aggregate used, the pozzolanic reactivity of the fly ash is the major contributor to the strength of the base mix.
	www.rmrc.unh.edu /Partners/Userguide/cfa55.htm (5436 words)

	Gauging Lime Mortar by Peter Ellis
		Pozzolanic materials in the form of crushed brick and tile were deliberately added in large quantity in mortars of Minoan Crete of c 1000 BC, ancient Greece, and the Roman period.
		A pozzolan is defined as a material that is capable of reacting with lime in the presence of water at ordinary temperatures to produce cementitious compounds.
		Pozzolans are added to lime putty mortars where there is doubt about durability and the reduced porosity is not disadvantageous.
	www.buildingconservation.com /articles/limegauging/limegauging.htm (2424 words)

	ConGlassCrete Press Release - New Civil Engineer 20/02/2003 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The trick is producing a glass ground fine enough, with a specific surface of at least 250m 2/kg, to allow the pozzolanic reaction to occur at a useful rate and produce additional strength enhancing calcium silicate hydrates in the cementitous matrix.
		Our tests show that, at current finenesses tested, glass is not quite as pozzolanic as PFA but a concrete mix made with glass replacing 25-30% of the Portland cement has a lower water demand than one with ground granulated blastfurnace slag as a cement replacement.
		Pozzolanic glass and glass aggregates have been used, separately or together, in trial products ranging from dense blocks through readymix concrete to architectural quality bespoke panels.
	www.shef.ac.uk /cmru/research/conglasscrete/releases/nce_news_20_02_03.html (744 words)

	Supplementary Cementitious Materials - MC Magazine September/October 2004 - Concrete Publications - NPCA
		Pozzolanic SCMs can be used either as an addition to the cement or as a replacement for a portion of the cement.
		ACI defines natural pozzolans as “either a raw or calcined natural material that has pozzolanic properties.” Calcining is the process of altering the composition or physical state by heating a material below the temperature of fusion.
		Pozzolans tend to flow fairly easily, so consider installing a positive shut-off value to prevent additional material from flowing through the slide or screw once the device is stopped.
	www.precast.org /publications/mc/2004_sepoct/cementitious_materials.htm (2943 words)

	Ceramic Bulletin
		The most common pozzolanic materials are volcanic ash (the original pozzolan), pumicite, opaline shales and cherts, calcined diatomaceous earth, burnt clay, fly ash, silica fume, slag, etc. Pulverized fuel ash is probably the most common artificial pozzolan.
		In considering pozzolans in general, the silica component must be amorphous, because the reactivity of crystalline silica is low.
		Pozzolans are often cheaper than the portland cement that they replace, but their main advantage lies in their slow hydration and, therefore, low rate of heat development, a important factor in mass construction, where portland—pozzolan cement or a partial replacement of portland cement by pozzolan is mostly applied.
	www.ceramicbulletin.org /abstracts/dec04/coimbra.asp (481 words)

	CHEMFIX TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
		In this solidification and stabilization process, pozzolanic materials react with polyvalent metal ions and other waste components to produce a chemically and physically stable solid material.
		Pozzolanic accelerators and metal precipi-tating agents can be added before or after the dry binder is initially mixed with the waste.
		The entire pozzolanic matrix, when physically cured, decreases toxic metal mobility by reducing the incursion of leaching liquids into and out of the stabilized matrices.
	www.p2pays.org /ref/21/20637.htm (557 words)

	Pozzolans ...Trash to Treasure (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Given the relatively small total surface area of the aggregate or big pozzolanic particles, as well as the slow reaction between lime and silica, most of the gels will be produced after the hardening of the cement, resulting in possible disastrous pressure build-up and a slow destruction of the concrete.
		Pozzolan concrete is also more resistant to attack by sulfate, mild acid, soft (lime-hungry) water, and seawater.
		When using pozzolans in mortars, the softer pozzolanic materials (like brick dust from clay bricks fired at less than 950°C) will normally make them more permeable and flexible, while the hard-burned materials, for example PFA (pulverized fuel ash, like fly ash), will tend to produce a harder mortar, closer in its characteristics to cement.
	www.cyclopsdisplays.com /greg/Pozzolan.html (4170 words)

	Quantification of pozzolanic activity of natural clay minerals
		This might explain the scarcity of publications on the pozzolanic activity of natural clays which however is essential for numerous geotechnical applications (e.g.
		Based on knowledge on the extent of pozzolanic reaction, it is possible to compare and estimate mechanical and sorptive behaviour of geotechnical composites of known CH and clay mineral content.
		The C-S-H phases are the strength given minerals, the aluminate phases the ones with a high anion sorption behaviour in contrast to the remaining clay minerals with a high cation sorption behaviour.
	www.igt.ethz.ch /dynDBpages/PublicationDisplay733.htm (554 words)

	United States Patent Application: 0020117090
		The effect of the Pozzolanic reaction produced by mixing cement with silica fume is better than that with fly ash or slag powder.
		Thus, when zeolites are used as Pozzolan, they will shorten the time needed for hydration of the cement, and also increase the extent of hydration, so that the initial strength of the concrete is higher.
		Since the Pozzolanic reaction can produce low-density C-S-H gel to fill up the pores of concrete, and to combine cement, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, and some additives, the strength of concrete can be increased strongly and uniformly.
	appft1.uspto.gov /netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=/netahtml/PTO/srchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1='20020117090'.PGNR.&OS=DN/20020117090&RS= (2299 words)

	Pozzolanic activity of natural clay minerals with respect to environmental and civil engineering applications
		The pozzolanic reaction is a CH consuming process in contrast to the CH producing process of cement hydration.
		In contrast, the pozzolanic reaction usually leads to a more durable material as a result of the consumption of CH and its substitution by hydrated phases with higher molar volumes which fill up capillary space.
		The general goal of the present project is to determine the time-dependent extent of pozzolanic reaction of three different clay minerals and their resulting reaction products.
	www.igt.ethz.ch /dynDBpages/PublicationDisplay732.htm (611 words)

	Rose of Jericho - Product Data Sheet RJ7.03 P.B.D.(Pozzolanic Brick Dust) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		RJ7.03 P.B.D. P.B.D (Pozzolanic Brick Dust) is a reactive pozzolanic additive.
		Pozzolans improve the strength and durability of lime mortars, and reduce porosity and permeability.
		Pozzolans are defined as materials which, though not cementitious in themselves, contain constituents which will combine with lime at ordinary temperatures in the presence of water to form stable insoluble compounds possessing hydraulic properties.
	www.rose-of-jericho.demon.co.uk /products/rj7_03.htm (190 words)

	Coal Fly Ash - Material Description
		Fly ash is useful in many applications because it is a pozzolan, meaning it is a siliceous or alumino-siliceous material that, when in a finely divided form and in the presence of water, will combine with calcium hydroxide (from lime, Portland cement, or kiln dust) to form cementitious compounds.
		Fly ash that is produced from the burning of anthracite or bituminous coal is typically pozzolanic and is referred to as a Class F fly ash if it meets the chemical composition and physical requirements specified in ASTM C618.
		Materials with pozzolanic properties contain glassy silica and alumina that will, in the presence of water and free lime, react with the calcium in the lime to produce calcium silicate hydrates (cementitious compounds).
	www.tfhrc.gov /hnr20/recycle/waste/cfa51.htm (2541 words)

	EBNet - Pozzolan Links
		Some pozzolans, for various reasons, are also expensive, but the most abundant and widely available, fly ash, is not, and typically costs about half as much by weight as cement.
		But there now exists an overwhelming body of laboratory research and field experience showing that a careful use of pozzolans is enormously useful in countering all of these problems (and others); the pozzolan is not just a "filler", as many engineers think, but a strength and performance-improving additive.
		High-volume use of pozzolans is (or can be) not just an effective use of "waste" material, and not just an economic savings, but makes possible a noticeable reduction in greenhouse gas buildup.
	www.ecobuildnetwork.org /pozzo.htm (1201 words)

	Fritz- Installation Products
		Poz-Patch 1 - is a polymer modified pozzolanic formula which requires only the addition of clean water to produce a fast-setting, non-shrinking, non-cracking underlayment.
		Poz-Patch 2 - is a two-component system consisting of a pozzolanic, cementitious powder and co-polymer latex emulsion which are mixed prior to use to produce a highly resilient, freezthaw stable, fast-setting underlayment.
		Poz-Patch 3 - is a polymer modified pozzolanic formula that requires only the addition of clean water to produce a fast-setting, skim coating patch.
	www.fritztile.com /installation (475 words)

	Development of Bottom Ash as Pozzolanic Material (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Bottom ash, which was rarely used in concrete due to its inactive pozzolanic reaction, improved its quality by grinding until the particle size retained on Sieve 325 was less than 5% by weight.
		With the cement content in ground bottom ash concrete of 440 and 260 kg/m³, the concrete needed 14 and 60 days, respectively, to develop higher compressive strength than that of the concrete without bottom ash.
		As a result of the compressive strengths, it was concluded that ground bottom ash could be used as a good pozzolanic material.
	www.pubs.asce.org /WWWdisplay.cgi?0300484 (266 words)

	ATO Legal Database - Federal Commissioner of Taxation v. Peabody - (28 September 1994) (9-10 November 1993, 28 ...
		The shares in the Pozzolanic Group which were owned by the Peabody interests were held in the name of TEP Holdings Pty Ltd (TEP Holdings).
		Each of the four companies in the Pozzolanic Group, with the consent of Loftway, passed special resolutions converting the shares which Loftway had purchased in them into "Z" class preference shares which carried restricted rights reducing their value from some $8.6 million to something less than $500.
		As a consequence, the shares in the Pozzolanic Group held by TEP Holdings, which previously represented only 62% of the equity in the group, came to represent virtually 100% of that equity.
	law.ato.gov.au /atolaw/view.htm?docid=jud/28atr344/00001 (4063 words)

	Coal Fly Ash - User Guideline - Portland Cement Concrete
		A 1992 survey of all 50 state transportation agencies indicated that 40 states have had experience in the use of fly ash as a mineral admixture in concrete, usually as a partial replacement for Portland cement, although a number of states have also used blended Portland-pozzolan cement.
		Prequalification of fly ashes from different sources provides an agency with a certain level of confidence in the event fly ashes from different sources are to be used in the same project.
		Pozzolanic Activity (Chemical Composition and Mineralogy):Pozzolanic activity refers to the ability of the silica and alumina components of fly ash to react with available calcium and/or magnesium from the hydration products of Portland cement.
	www.tfhrc.gov /hnr20/recycle/waste/cfa53.htm (4064 words)

	Hydraulic lime was the principal cementitious material available for concrete, mortar and stucco until the development ...
		Pozzolanic limes develop their properties through a combination of hydration, pozzolanic reaction and carbonation.
		This suggests that pozzolanicity is also going to be lime dependant as well as clay dependant.
		The key to understanding the performance of a material is to relate it to the developing microstructure and forms the heart of the approach to the work.
	www.brad.ac.uk /staff/dchughes/limefur.htm (1405 words)

	Computational Materials Science of Cement-Based Materials: An Education Module - Exercise no. 1 Interfacial Zone ...
		The colors for the non-diffusing phases are also indicated by color bars placed on the left side of the PC monitor screen during hydration and measurement of phase fractions.
		If reactive filler particles are selected, the user must also specify the pozzolanic reactivity factor to be used for the pozzolanic reaction between the filler and calcium hydroxide.
		In all cases, when prompted by the program, the user should set the mineral admixture pozzolanic reactivity factor at 2.08 (this parameter could be varied to model less reactive mineral admixtures such as fly ash).
	ciks.cbt.nist.gov /~garbocz/educmod/node12.html (3622 words)

	Influence of silica fume on diffusivity in cement-based materials I. Experimental and computer modeling studies on ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		To correctly model the influence of silica fume on cement paste diffusivity, one must begin with the nanostructure of the C-S-H. Only when an appropriate value(s) is used for the diffusivity of the gel can the cement paste diffusivity be predicted accurately.
		It has been known for many years that the pozzolanic C-S-H formed from the reaction of silica fume and calcium hydroxide (CH) has a different Ca/Si molar ratio and a different water content than the gel formed from conventional cement hydration [9,10,
		A more direct and quantitative elucidation of the differences in nanostructure between pozzolanic and conventional C-S-H may be possible in the future using either NMR spectroscopy [18,
	ciks.cbt.nist.gov /bentz/csfdiff/node2.html (321 words)

	Segregated Dry Fly Ash Handling at Thermal Power Station
		Dry fly ash is good for pozzolanic and ceramic applications, where as bottom ash is good for use as fine aggregate.
		Due to its pozzolanic nature, when used in cement, mortar or concrete, it reacts with alkalies, primarily calcium hydroxide, released during hydration of cement, forming calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) bond that adds to the strength of the concrete.
		However, the pozzolanic property of flyash gets reduced once it is mixed with bottom ash and / or water for disposal in ash pond.
	www.tifac.org.in /news/flybag.htm (1606 words)

	Roman Concrete Resources by David Moore
		Unfortunately, from what we've seen of the show, it appears that they failed to use pozzolan instead of sand in the plaster that was used to seal the walls of the bath, so they did not have a hydraulic cement, and all the water leaked out!
		Pozzolan material was a key component of ancient concrete.
		This valuable work describes a firm fl pozzolan and lime mortar dating back to the late third century BC which is the first discovery of ancient concrete materials.
	www.romanconcrete.com /resources.htm (4073 words)

	Supplementary Cementitious Materials - MC Magazine January/February 2005 - Concrete Publications - NPCA
		In addition to meeting government requirements, supplementary cementitious materials are often used to reduce cement contents and improve the workability of fresh concrete, increase strength and enhance durability of hardened concrete.
		Other pozzolanic SCMs include Class F fly ash and raw or processed natural pozzolans such as shale, clay, metakaolin and rice husk ash (RHA).
		Natural pozzolans are either ground and used in their natural state or require calcining.
	www.precast.org /publications/mc/2005_janfeb/scm_part2.htm (2927 words)

	Rose of Jericho
		Volumetric lime/aggregate ratios vary and pozzolanic additives may be present.
		Pozzolanic additives in the form of crushed brick and tile were first deliberately added during the Minoan civilisation in Crete of 1000BC.
		The Englsih Heritage Smeaton Project at Hadrian's Wall concluded that the addition of pozzolanic brick dust greatly improves the durability of lime mortars whilst the addition of a small amount of cement has a detrimental effect.
	www.rose-of-jericho.demon.co.uk /main/_faq.htm (1131 words)

	Matrex Pozzolanic 45
		POZZOLANIC 45® All Weather Concrete Repair is a pre-mixed, one component, chemical action product for patching holes, and deep cracks in concrete.
		POZZOLANIC 45® All Weather Concrete Repair hardens to over 10,000 psi (70 MPa) in compressive strength.
		Use it to patch concrete bridges, roads, ramps, sidewalks, driveways and industrial floors.
	www.matrexstar.com /pozzolanic.html (160 words)

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