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Topic: Praesepe

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	Praesepe Cluster (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Praesepe is called after the open cluster of the same name (also known as NGC 2632 and M 44).
		It is also refered to as the "beehive", to reflect the round fuzzy appearence of the cluster, similar to that of a swarm of bees, when viewed with the naked eye.
		You might be interested in downloading a 5-megabyte WAV file, with the first 115 seconds of Praesepe, a choral work written in 1952 Villa Lobos and based on a medieval poem.
	www.praesepe.com /praesepe_name.html (102 words)

	Messier 44
		The small cluster of stars Praesepe in Cancer is represented in the 16th plate in the upper part, to the right, by 12 of the principle stars after Flamsteed and T. Mayer.
		Praesepe Cancri (M44) is so very loose and straggling that it would only be noticed as a region rich in L [large; bright] stars; - so also described in Sweeps 59 and 63.
		Whereas the Praesepe in Cancer engaged very early speculation; incomuch that both Aratus and Theophrastus tell us, that its dimness and disappearance during the progressive condensation of the atmosphere, were regarded as the first sign of approaching rain.
	www.seds.org /messier/Mdes/dm044.html (761 words)

	Praesepe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Schwarzschild (1913) published the first radial velocities of six stars in Praesepe, obtaining a mean velocity of +36 km/s.
		Most of the data at present available on stars in Praesepe were obtained by Wilson around 1923, but their analysis has never been published.
		The mean velocities are compiled in Wilson and Joy's (1950) catalogue and the individual data are to be found in Abt's (1970) compilation.
	obswww.unige.ch /~mermio/bda/review/node18.html (307 words)

	African Wildlife Foundation: News and Headlines
		On Dec. 5 Praesepe was approached by Boot, a member of the wild Sahabefoza group, who took an instant shine to the newcomer.
		Praesepe's reproductive cycle is still on "Duke time," says Duke University spokesman Dennis Meredith, and will have to adapt to Madagascar time to be in sync with Boot.
		Praesepe has fought several times with a wild female, and Sarph and Zuben-Ubi are suspected of clashing with Boot.
	www.awf.org /news/112 (691 words)

	The Lunar Planner
		Praesepe embodies the essence of the Scarab / Cancer theme: emergence out of darkness, dogma, and delusion, out of the antiquated entrapments we had been living in, and our transmutation from darkness into light.
		Praesepe can bring our attention to the possibility of being lost in our own mental obscurations--in the reasons "why not" to go forward, why not to change--in the frenetic buzz of collective mass consciousness--in the dogmas of life, whether personal or collective.
		Together, Praesepe and Azmidiske ask us to trust and have faith in the subtle currents at work in our lives, currents that are leading us on the next legs of our journeys in life and toward our highest fulfillment.
	www.lunarplanner.com /LunarMonths2003/lunarmonth.03.07.28.html (1924 words)

	M-44, Open Star Cluster, Praesepe or the Beehive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		"Praesepe" or the “Beehive” star cluster, is sometimes called the Manger.
		It is one of the largest, nearest, and brightest of the galactic star clusters.
		M-44 consists of at least 200 stars, and it’s estimated distance is 600 light years.
	www.kopernik.org /images/archive/m44.htm (211 words)

	Observations
		We chose cluster stars because it is an efficient use of the multi-object spectrometer used in our pre-main sequence star program; we could obtain spectra for a large number of stars having a substantial range of spectral types simultaneously.
		Likewise, since Praesepe is believed to be similar to the Hyades in composition and M67 is thought to have solar metallicity, this spectral sequence may not be appropriate for the classification of very metal-poor stars.
		In Praesepe, 74% of our sample Table 1 [Postscript] [HTML: Netscape 1.1 or above, only] have a 90% or higher probability of membership (Jones and Stauffer 1991; hereafter JS), and in M67, 71% of our sample Table 2 [Postscript] [HTML] are members at or above the 90% probability level (Girard et al.
	donald.phast.umass.edu /preprints/starform/hystds/node2.html (455 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Plots of a selected set of spectra, as above, for dwarf stars with spectral types A through G, dwarf stars with K spectral types, dwarf stars with M spectral types, subgiants and giants.
		Tables of the stars found in the data set, as well as their positions and photometry are also available: for the Praesepe stars, for the M67 stars, and for the giants.
		The data set for the star in Praesepe is now available as fits files in multispec format.
	donald.phast.umass.edu /data/ASsp.html (249 words)

	eNature: Articles: Detail
		Another favorite of sky-watchers is the Praesepe Cluster, or Beehive Cluster, in the constellation Cancer.
		At a distance of 550 light-years, the Praesepe Cluster looks to the naked eye like a fuzzy cloud.
		With an age of approximately 800 million years, the Praesepe Cluster will probably dissipate into the Milky Way’s disk within the next ten solar orbits of our galaxy -- that is, within the next two to two and a half billion years.
	www.enature.com /articles/detail.asp?storyID=262 (715 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Praesepe
		Praesepe PRAESEPE [Praesepe] [Latmanger], open star cluster in the constellation Cancer; cataloged as M44 or NGC 2632.
		Cancer CANCER [Cancer] [Latthe crab], in astronomy, constellation lying on the ecliptic (the sun's apparent path through the heavens) between Gemini and Leo; it is a constellation of the zodiac.
		Find newspaper and magazine articles plus images and maps related to "Praesepe" at HighBeam.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Praesepe (297 words)

	2 Observations and data analysis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The sample was primarily drawn from the proper motion study of Praesepe candidate members by Jones and Stauffer (1991, hereafter JS91).
		A total of 149 Praesepe G and K dwarfs were thus observed in 1997 and 1998 at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope with the adaptive optics system PUEO (Rigaut et al.
		The PSF was provided by unresolved Praesepe stars that were observed just before and/or just after the exposure on the binary.
	aanda.u-strasbg.fr:2002 /papers/aa/full/2001/33/aa1345/node2.html (592 words)

	Beehive Cluster - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Beehive Cluster is an open cluster in Cancer just visible to the naked eye.
		The Beehive Cluster (also known as Praesepe (Latin for "manger"), M44 or NGC 2632) is an open cluster in the constellation Cancer.
		It looks like a nebulous object to the naked eye under dark skies, and thus has been known since ancient times--Ptolemy called it "The nebulous mass in the breast" of Cancer.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Praesepe (442 words)

	SPACE.com -- Spacewatch Friday - Swarm of Stars: Peer into the Beehive Cluster
		Some astronomy texts speak of "Praesepe, the Manger," while others simply call it the "Beehive." A manger is defined as "a trough in which feed for donkeys is placed." The cluster was apparently first called Praesepe 20 centuries ago.
		Interestingly, Praesepe was also used in medieval times as a weather forecaster.
		But thanks to precession -- the "wobble" that the Earths axis describes over an interval of 25,700 years -- the solstice point has shifted out of Cancer and is now located in the adjacent constellation of Gemini, having apparently slid backward toward the west over the last three millennia.
	www.space.com /spacewatch/spacewatch_cancer_020329.html (747 words)

	Praesepe (M 44, NGC 2632) (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.virginia.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Praesepe (M 44, NGC 2632) (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.virginia.edu)
		Probably these two clusters, though now separated by hundreds of light-years, have a common origin in some great diffuse gaseous nebula which existed 400 million years ago.
		This would also explain the similarity of the stellar populations – both clusters containing red giants (Praesepe at least five of them) and some white dwarfs.
	www.daviddarling.info.cob-web.org:8888 /encyclopedia/P/Praesepe.html (200 words)

	Messier Object 44
		Known to Aratos 260 B.C. This famous cluster, M44, is also called Praesepe (Latin for "manger"), or the Beehive cluster.
		The Praesaepe cluster was classified by Trumpler as of class I,2,r (according to Kenneth Glyn Jones), as II,2,m by the Sky Catalog 2000, and as class II,2,r by Götz.
		As mentioned in the description for the Orion Nebula M42, it is a bit unusual that Messier added the Praesepe cluster (together with the Orion Nebula M42/M43 and the Pleiades M45) to his catalog, and will perhaps stay subject to speculation.
	www.seds.org /messier/m/m044.html (405 words)

	1999 Stargazer Columns
		(Praesepe is Latin for "manger.") It is in the faint constellation Cancer the Crab, located mid way between the Gemini Twins and Leo the Lion.
		To the naked eye, Praesepe appears as a soft fuzzy glow.
		By 10 p.m., Praesepe will be easier to see, having risen to 25 degrees, but by then the lower part of the cross will be below the horizon.
	www.stargazerpaul.com /sg-1999.htm (8386 words)

	Skyscript: Star Lore of the Constellations - Cancer the Crab
		It was known as the 'dark sign', its most distinguishing feature being a great cloud-like cluster of stars in the breast of the Crab known as Praesepe, ('a multitude'), though usually termed 'the Beehive' today.
		Ptolemy notes the influence of Praesepe as like Mars and the Moon but adds that the two stars on either side, which are more distinct, are like Mars and the Sun.
		Pliny used this group of stars as an indicator of wet weather, saying that when Praesepe is not visible in a clear sky, there is the likelihood of a violent storm to come.
	www.skyscript.co.uk /cancer_myth.html (883 words)

	APOD: August 3, 1998 - M44: A Beehive of Stars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Explanation: M44 is a prominent open cluster of stars.
		Nicknamed Praesepe and "The Beehive", it is one of the few open clusters
		M44 was thought to be a nebula until Galileo used an early telescope to resolve the cluster's bright blue stars.
	antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov /apod/ap980803.html (121 words)

	M44 - beehive cluster in cancer
		The Greeks and Romans saw this "nebula" as a manger, with "Asselli" (asses) eating from it, Assellus Borealis (the Northern Ass, 43 Gamma Cancri) and Assellus Australis (the Southern Ass, 47 Delta Cancri).
		Galileo was the first to resolve the cluster with the help of his telescope in 1609.
		He reported: "the nebula called Praesepe, which is not one star only, but a mass of more than 40 small stars".
	www.backyard-astro.com /focusonarchive/m44/m44.html (577 words)

	Other open clusters observed by Hipparcos (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The mean distances of all these clusters have been determined from Hipparcos intermediate data of member stars, taking into account the correlations between the abscissae of stars within a few degrees of the sky (such as in clusters) due to the operation mode of the satellite.
		NGC 2516 defines a sequence 0.7 mag below Praesepe, much larger than the difference of 0.25 mag due to metallicity obtained when using usual helium variations (Robichon et al.
		The parameter responsible for these differences has not yet been identified, although they could be accounted for by a significant increase in the Helium abundance.
	astro.u-strasbg.fr /howfar/turon/node6.html (398 words)

	SPACE.com -- NightSky Friday: Top 10 Winter Sky Targets
		Cancer does have one significant attraction: appearing to the eye as merely a misty patch of light, binoculars will quickly reveal it as a beautiful open star cluster, containing hundreds of tiny stars.
		It is known to some as "Praesepe, the Manger." A manger is defined as "a trough in which feed for donkeys is placed." The cluster was apparently first called Praesepe 20 centuries ago.
		Indeed, two nearby stars, Gamma and Delta Cancri are also known as Asellus Borealis and Asellus Australis — the northern and southern ass colts — feeding from a manger.
	www.space.com /spacewatch/top_10_winter_040220-6.html (399 words)

	[No title]
		Brown Dwarf and Low-Mass Star Sequences in the Pleiades and Praesepe, in Brown Dwarfs, Proceedings of IAU Symposium 211, ed.
		Praesepe -- two merged clusters?, K. Holland, R. Jameson, S. Hodgkin, M. Davies, & D. Pinfield, 1999, in Stellar Clusters and Associations: Convection, Rotation and Dynamos, proceedings of the second Three Islands Euroconference, eds.
		Praesepe: IR measurements at the bottom of the main sequence, S. Hodgkin, R. Jameson, D. Pinfield, I. Steele & N. Hambly, 1998, in Brown Dwarfs and Extra Solar Planets, proceedings of a workshop held in Puerto de la Cruz, Tenerife, Spain, eds.
	www.astro.livjm.ac.uk /~dpi/publist.html (1187 words)

	ARCHIVE - RESULTS GALLERY
		A seismological analysis of the oscillation frequencies of eight Delta Scuti type stars in the Praesepe Cluster has resulted in a precise determination of the global parameters of these variable stars, as well as those of the the cluster itself.
		Among these parameters are those of age and distance, which turn out to be in complete agreement with those obtained with Hipparcos.
		Results of the STEPHI VII campaign on the Praesepe cluster", AandA, 337, 198.
	www.iac.es /gabinete/inves/result/98/ir20_86.htm (345 words)

	Messier Object 44
		Galilée fut le premier à résoudre cet objet "nébuleux" en notant : "la nébuleuse appelée Praesepe n'est pas une seule étoile, mais une masse de plus de 40 petites étoiles".
		L'amas Praesepe a été classé par Trumpler comme type I,2,r (selon Kenneth Glyn Jones), II,2,m par le Sky Catalogue 2000.0, et II,2,r par Götz.
		Comme on l'a fait remarquer dans la description de la nébuleuse d'Orion, il est un peu surprenant de la part de Messier d'avoir ajouté à son catalogue l'amas Praesepe (ainsi d'ailleurs que M42/M43 et les Pléiades M45) et cela restera sans doute sujet à spéculation.
	www.obspm.fr /messier/f/m044.html (484 words)

	IngentaConnect New Praesepe white dwarfs and the initial massfinal mass relation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		New Praesepe white dwarfs and the initial mass–final mass relation
		This number is consistent with the high-mass end of the initial mass function of Praesepe being Salpeter in form.
		Furthermore, it suggests that the bulk of Praesepe white dwarfs did not gain a substantial recoil kick velocity from possible asymmetries in their loss of mass during the asymptotic giant branch phase of evolution.
	www.ingentaconnect.com /content/bsc/mnr/2006/00000369/00000001/art00037 (395 words)

	Praesepe BV (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Praesepe was founded in the Netherlands in 1996 initially working in the field of scientific data analysis and reduction.
		This page contains a list of our current projects and also an extensive series of links to other astromical data resources on the internet; particularly those related to satellite mounted observatories, astronomical software, and data analysis methods.
		Praesepe currently provides data-analysis services to the Astrophysics Division of ESA/ESTEC on the following projects:
	www.praesepe.com (170 words)

	Sky Lights - - science news articles online technology magazine articles Sky Lights (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The ancient Romans called it Praesepe, Latin for "manger." Praesepe was ranked as one of the "Seven Nebulae" in Ptolemy's famous star catalog, the Almagest.
		The Greek astronomer Hipparchus alluded to it as "Little Cloud," and Pliny wrote about its popular use as a predictor of weather: If Praesepe was invisible in an otherwise starry sky, a thin atmospheric disturbance was blowing in, and a storm was probably on its way.
		In 1764 French comet hunter Charles Messier listed the Beehive as number 44 on his list of cosmic annoyances that looked like comets but were not.
	www.discover.com /issues/apr-03/departments/featsky (814 words)

	Constellation Cancer
		But, because Cancer failed to defeat Hercules, the gods did not give Cancer bright stars to mark the constellation.
		M44 (NGC 2632) is better known by the name the Beehive Cluster, or the Latin equivalent, Praesepe, which not only means a hive but also a crib, or manger.
		This is a bright open cluster clearly visible to the naked eye on a dark enough night, and best appreciated with binoculars or small scope.
	www.coldwater.k12.mi.us /lms/planetarium/myth/cancer.html (477 words)

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