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	PRAGMATIC SANCTION OF 1830 - ABOLITION OF SEMI-SALIC LAW
		The reaction to the promulgation of the Pragmatic Sanction of 1830 was immediate, since the Queen's pregnancy was announced officially at the same time.
		Saint-Priest himself, replying on 17 May 1830 to Polignac, stated that it was the common belief that the earlier Pragmatic Decree of 1789 was in fact a forgery (and it exists only in copies, the original having disappeared), and that this was a liberal manoeuvre to prevent the succession of Don Carlos.
		In a protest letter directed personally to King Ferdinand and dated 10 September 1830 (exactly one month before the birth of the future Isabel II, whose sex was of course as yet unknown), the King complained that the rights of his descendants conferred by the law of Philip V had been annulled.
	www.chivalricorders.org /royalty/bourbon/france/success/sucprt4.htm (2707 words)

	Pragmatic sanction - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Pragmatic Sanction of 1549, issued by Charles V, established the Seventeen Provinces as an entity separate from the Empire and from France.
		The Pragmatic Sanction of 1713 issued by Emperor Charles VI on April 19, 1713.
		The Pragmatic Sanction of Naples, issued October 6, 1759, by King Charles III of Spain, governed the succession to the thrones of Naples, Sicily, and Spain, and forbade the union of Naples and the Two Sicilies.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pragmatic_sanction (359 words)

	SPECIAL DOCUMENTS - The Royal House of Bourbon - Two Sicilies
		Letter of Protest from the Prince of Cassaro, Neapolitan Ambassador in Madrid, to the Spanish Secretary of State, against the Promulgation of the Pragmatic Sanction of 1830
		Formal Protest Made By Ferdinand II Of The Two Sicilies Against The Re-Promulgation Of The Pragmatic Sanction Of 1830
		Letter Of Protest From The Neapolitan Chargé D'affaires In Madrid To The Spanish Secretary Of State Against The Promulgation Of The Pragmatic Sanction Of 1830, Dated 26 Sep 1830
	www.borbone-due-sicilie.org /english/specialdocuments.html (204 words)

	pragmatism - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about pragmatism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Philosophical tradition that interprets truth in terms of the practical effects of what is believed and, in particular, the usefulness of these effects.
		The US philosopher Charles Peirce is often accounted the founder of pragmatism; it was further advanced by William James.
		Dollop, the spirited landlady of the Tankard in Slaughter Lane, who had often to resist the shallow pragmatism of customers disposed to think that their reports from the outer world were of equal force with what had "come up" in her mind.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /pragmatism (155 words)

	Age of Enlightenment - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		The Enlightenment was a time when the solar system was truly discovered: with the accurate calculation of orbits, such as Halley's comet, the discovery of the first planet since antiquity, Uranus by William Herschel, and the calculation of the mass of the Sun using Newton's theory of universal gravitation.
		From this point on, thinkers and writers were held to be free to pursue the truth in whatever form, without the threat of sanction for violating established ideas.
		Philosophers such as Michel Foucault are often understood as arguing that the age of reason had to construct a vision of unreason as being demonic and subhuman, and therefore evil and befouling, whence by analogy to argue that rationalism in the modern period is, likewise, a construction.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Age_of_Enlightenment (3103 words)

	CHAPTER IV
		The period between 1830 and 1848 may be defined as one in which the Principalities, nominally tied to the two powers, are placed within the framework of Russian influence.
		The stipulations of the Convention made use again of the laconic manner of presentation of ministerial political responsibility, as it was framed in the 1814 and 1830 French constitutional Charts, and in the Belgian Constitution of 1831.
		The Romanian monarchy that arose was of a dualist parliamentarism, being defined by a relative equilibrium between the Chambers and the Monarch.
	www.crvp.org /book/Series04/IVA-22/chapter_iv.htm (8236 words)

	pragmatic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Related phrases: pragmatism hardheaded matter-of-fact hard-nosed practical pragmatical pragmatically realistic pragmatist realist pragmatic sanction bottom-line dewey expedient instrumentalism james john dewey neoliberal open source movement william james august palm ephemeral film jean monnet neoliberalism nonviolence peronism rule of three everett dirksen impractical
		The fellow grew so pragmatical that he took upon him the government of my whole family.
		Pragmatic sanction, a solemn ordinance or decree issued by the head or legislature of a state upon weighty matters; -- a term derived from the Byzantine empire.
	www.vocamania.com /pragmatic.aspx (416 words)

	History of Spain - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		Spain initially sided against France in the Napoleonic Wars, but the defeat of her army early in the war led to Charles IV of Spain's pragmatic decision to align with the revolutionary French.
		The Spanish fleet was annihilated, along with the French, at the decisive Battle of Trafalgar in 1805, prompting the vacillating king of Spain to reconsider his alliance with France.
		Ferdinand - resisting the wishes of his brother - decreed the Pragmatic Sanction of 1830, enabling his daughter Isabella to become Queen.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/h/i/s/History_of_Spain_033d.html (6190 words)

	History - Baden
		By the treaty of the 16th of April 1816, by which the territorial disputes between Austria and Bavaria were settled, the succession to the Baden Palatinate was guaranteed to Maximilian I, king of Bavaria, in the expected event of the extinction of the line of ZÃ¤hringen.
		As a counterblast to this the grand-duke Charles issued in 1817 a pragmatic sanction (Hausgesetz) declaring the counts of HÃ¶chberg, the issue of a morganatic marriage between the grand-duke Charles Frederick and Luise Geyer von Geyersberg (created countess HÃ¶chberg), capable of succeeding to the crown.
		The people had during the revolutionary period fallen completely under the influence of French ideas, and this was sufficiently illustrated by the temper of the new chambers, which tended to model their activity on the proceedings of the National Convention (1792 - 1795) in the earlier days of the French Revolution.
	www.larkcom.us /ancestry/misc/history_baden.cfm (731 words)

	joms Will~nj Hilr;c
		To compel respondent to respond in damages would be for the State to punish her for her failure to perform her covenant to continue to discriminate against non-Caucasians in the use of her property.
		The result of that sanction by the State would be to encourage the use of restrictive covenants.
		It the State may thus punish respondent for her failure to carry out her covenant, she is coerced to continue to use her property in a discriminatory manner, which in essence is the purpose of the covenant.
	homepages.udayton.edu /~alexanrs/Hurst.html (10929 words)

	Research Guide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Hume set the tone in the early eighteenth century and was carried on by “positivists” in the nineteenth century.
		Comte published in 1830 his Positive Philosophie which is a historical analysis reminiscent of the dialectical methods of Hegel, and showed that the mind developed in three stages: the religious, the metaphysics and the positive.
		The consequence of this position was to render all philosophical speculation about ethics, religion and aesthetics meaningless since none of these areas had propositions that could be verified by experience.
	www.d.umn.edu /~nhassan/research/philresearch.html (8954 words)

	[No title]
		But he refused to affirm the abstinence pledge for three reasons: 1) drinking could not be said to be sinful in all cases; 2) while the original temperance pledge was acceptable, the total elimination of wine, beer and cider went too far; 3) the ultra pledge would logically remove wine from the Lord’s Supper.
		In reply “Eliab” pointed out that the tithing of wine in the Old Testament indicated that it was a common beverage, and noted that the priests were given wine regularly and only forbidden to drink it when they were serving in the tabernacle.
		Lord argued that since “public opinion would not sustain the conduct of church members in retailing intoxicating liquor,” the church had to be clear in its condemnation of retailing alcohol.
	www.peterwallace.org /dissertation/4conscience.htm (7724 words)

	Daily Excelsior... Editorial
		In a ruling that would have far-reaching implications, the Supreme Court has ruled that the sanction of Government for trial of public servants under anti-corruption or criminal laws can be obtained after the actual prosecution of the official under the relevant laws.
		An appeal had been filed by a former rural development secretary of Sikkim seeking to prevent his prosecution by CBI in an anti-corruption case because the trial had been started without the sanction from the Government whose head the Chief Minister himself was a co-accused in the case.
		The condition of the prior sanction is a relic of old-times when the Government servant serving alien interests was sought to be protected in the discharge of those 'duties'.
	www.dailyexcelsior.com /01july29/edit.htm (5954 words)

	Wickham Steed on Emperor Franz Joseph
		"The Pragmatic Sanction," or Statute endowed with peculiar solemnity, consists mainly of the provisions of the Pactum mutuae successionis secretly concluded on September 12, 1703, between the Emperor Leopold and his two sons Joseph and Charles.
		Even in the absolutist State, the Family Law was recognized as subject to the Law of the State by the declaration that the Pragmatic Sanction could not be changed by Family legislation.
		(Pragmatic Sanction) Of 1723, in the Lands of the Hungarian Crown, and that the same are excluded from the Order of Succession.
	www.h-net.org /~habsweb/sourcetexts/hwsemp.htm (3003 words)

	The Case For Legitimism
		There is no doubt that the Kings of France before 1792 and between 1814 and 1830 had believed themselves to be the inheritors of the ancient Kingly prerogative and rights invested in Hugh Capet in 987, and passed on to his descendants, successors to the Crown.
		The desire of the allies to prevent the union of the French and Spanish Crowns was supported by the Spanish themselves who had no desire to become a French vassal state, as Naples and Sicily had been vassals of an absentee King of Spain for two centuries.
		In the text of the third Pact of 1761, the phrase "Maison de France" was used in the draft French text (although revised to Maison de Bourbon in the signed and ratified texts) and "Casa de Borb?mp;quot; and "Casa di Borbone" in the Spanish and Italian versions.
	jm_weismiller.tripod.com /stlouisix/id5.html (7272 words)

	History_of_the_Netherlands - The real meaning from Timesharetalk wikipedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		This Pragmatic Sanction of 1548 was not full independence, but it allowed significant autonomy.
		The primary factors that contributed to this feeling were religious (the predominantly Roman Catholic South versus the mostly Protestant North), economic (the South was industrializing, the North had always been a merchants' nation) and linguistic (the French-speaking South was not just Wallonia, but also extended to the French-speaking bourgeoisie in the Flemish cities).
		In 1830 the situation exploded, the Belgians revolted and declared independence from the North.
	www.timesharetalk.co.uk /wiki.asp?k=History_of_the_Netherlands (6464 words)

	Flanders Encyclopedia Article @ ThatTickles.com (That Tickles) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Resentment grew both among the Roman Catholics from the south and the Protestants from the north and among the powerful liberal bourgeoisie from the south and their more moderate coleagues from the North.
		1830 (after the showing of the opera '
		On October 4, 1830, the Provisional Authority (Dutch: Voorlopig Bewind) proclaimed the independence which was later confirmed by the
	www.thattickles.com /encyclopedia/Flanders (3264 words)

	Spain
		Under her influence he abolished (1830) the pragmatic sanction of the Salic Law, which passed succession to the Spanish throne through males of the royal family.
		In 1252 Pope Innocent IV, under the influence of the revival of Roman law, officially sanctioned the use of torture to extract the truth from suspects.
		By the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713, Charles secured the recognition of the indivisibility of the Habsburg lands and the right of succession of his daughter Maria Theresa.
	website.lineone.net /~johnbidmead/Spain.htm (6847 words)

	WINE, WOMEN AND THE LIMITS OF CONSCIENCE
		As late as 1830 they expressed themselves cautiously, refusing to “encroach upon the rights of private judgment,” and merely regretting that any member of “the Church of Christ, should at the present day, and under existing circumstances, feel themselves at liberty to manufacture, vend, or use ardent spirits.”
		A brief repudiation of the attempt to make abstinence a term of communion in the church was published in the BRPR 2.2 (April, 1830) 242-249.
		The Lexington Presbytery (which embraced a large portion of western Virginia) sent out a pastoral letter in the fall of 1835 warning all members that the presbytery viewed the sale and manufacture of ardent spirits as a sin.
	www.peterwallace.org /dissertation/wine.htm (6901 words)

	Asia Times - The Enlightemnent and modernity
		Strictly speaking, the modern world arrived in the 18th and 19th centuries with the transfer of power from the aristocracy and the absolutist kings (Louis XIV in France and James I in England) to the upper middle classes - the elite bourgeoisie.
		The Pragmatic Sanction of 1438 gave the Gallic Church much independence from Rome.
		In 1516, King Francis I reached an agreement with Pope Leo X, the Concordat of Bologna, rescinding the Pragmatic Sanction, by dividing the independence with Rome receiving the "innates" or money income from French ecclesiastics, the king appointed the bishops and abbots.
	www.atimes.com /atimes/Japan/EH12Dh02.html (8084 words)

	[No title]
		Surveying, mapping, and construction started on the Baltimore and Ohio in 1830, and fourteen miles of track were opened before the year ended.
		Soon joining the B and O as operating lines were the Mohawk and Hudson, opened in September 1830, the Saratoga, opened in July 1832, and the South Carolina Canal and Rail Road Company, whose 136 miles of track, completed to Hamburg, constituted, in 1833, the longest steam railroad in the world.
		Although Congress failed to sanction his plan, Whitney made the Pacific railroad one of the great public issues of the day.
	memory.loc.gov /ammem/gmdhtml/rrhtml/rrintro.html (4835 words)

	Flanders LANGUAGE SCHOOL EXPLORER (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Pragmatic Sanction of 1549, issued by Charles V, established the Low Countries as the Seventeen Provinces (or Spanish Netherlands in its broad sense) as an entity separate from the Holy Roman Empire and from France.
		On August 25, 1830 (after the showing of the opera 'La Muette de Portici' of Daniel Auber in Brussels) the Belgian Revolution sparked off and became a fact.
		On October 4, 1830, the Provisional Authority (Dutch: Voorlopig Bewind) proclaimed the independence which was later confirmed by the National Congress that issued a new Liberal Constitution and declared the new state a Constitutional Monarchy, under the House of Saxe-Coburg.
	www.school-explorer.com /info/Flanders (4036 words)

	Austrian Netherlands (1713-1786)
		In 1814 the Southern and Northern Netherlands were reunited, together with the former Principality-Bishopric of Liège which had been neutral until then, to form the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
		However Charles VI needed the approval of the Northern Netherlands and England (sic!) for the recognition of his daughter Maria-Theresia as his successor (Pragmatic Sanction), so he suspended the Compagnie on 31 May 1727 (Preliminaries of Paris) and revoked the Octroy on 16 March 1731 (Treaty of Vienna).
		The source of this flag is to be traced to the East India fleet of the Austrian Netherlands, sailing from Ostend in West Flanders to Calcutta and Canton.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/be_at.html (583 words)

	EZEH AND CONNORS v. THE UNITED KINGDOM - 39665/98;40086/98 [2003] ECHR 485 (9 October 2003)
		The applicants considered absurd any suggestion that the immediate prospect of a governor's sanction was less of a deterrent than the prospect of serving some time later a number of additional days' detention awarded by an adjudicator.
		The sanction of the loss of early release was not only a necessary and effective incentive, but it was a common sanction of prison disciplinary regimes in many Council of Europe member States.
		Accordingly, and even noting the prison context of the charges, the theoretical possibility of concurrent criminal and disciplinary liability is, at the very least, a relevant point which tends to the classification of the nature of both offences as “mixed” offences.
	www.worldlii.org /eu/cases/ECHR/2003/485.html (17414 words)

	\| Review \| The History Teacher, 34.1 \| The History Cooperative
		He did arrange the Pragmatic Sanction which enabled Maria Theresa to ascend to the throne, though it could not stop Frederick II from stripping Silesia from the Habsburg Domain.
		The Chancellor only began losing his footing after 1830 when liberalism and nationalism began to undermine his conservative world order.
		Bérenger stresses that the events of 1848 were more than a mere series of riots followed by a severe reaction, for the liberal reforms which passed between June and October ultimately allowed moderate bourgeois elements to emerge victorious.
	www.historycooperative.org /journals/ht/34.1/br_4.html (1403 words)

	Isabel II - Archontology.org
		Por la gracia de Dios y la Constitución de la Monarquía Española, Reina de las Españas (By the Grace of God and by the Constitution of the Spanish Monarchy, Queen of the Spains)
		Baptized (11 Oct 1830): María Isabel Luisa de Borbón y de Borbón-Dos Sicilias; was entitled to the honors of Princesa de Asturias (royal decree of 13 Oct 1830), but never proclaimed under this title
		Gaceta de Madrid, del sábado 3 de Abril de 1830.
	www.archontology.org /nations/spain/spain_1814_68s/isabel_ii.php (363 words)

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