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	Pragmatic Sanction
		Pragmatic sanction meant in the latter period of the Roman Empire an edict formally issued by the emperor.
		The Pragmatic Sanction of the Emperor Charles VI This edict, issued by the last German male member of the House of Hapsburg regulating the succession to his hereditary lands, was read 19 April, 1713, before the ministers and councillors, but was temporarily kept secret.
		This pragmatic sanction was accepted by the estates of the Austrian lands in 1720-4; then in the course of time it was also recognized and guaranteed by the Powers of Europe, so that after the death of Charles VI his daughter Maria Theresa could succeed.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/s/sanction,pragmatic.html (1016 words)

	Pragmatic Sanction - LoveToKnow 1911
		In more recent times it was adopted by those countries which followed the Roman law, and in particular by despotically governed countries where the rulers had a natural tendency to approve of the maxims and to adopt the language of the imperial Roman lawyers.
		A pragmatic sanction, as the term was used by them, was an expression of the will of the sovereign or "the prince," defining the limits of his own power, or regulating the succession.
		on the claims of the popes to exercise jurisdiction in his dominions by the pragmatic sanction of Bourges in 1438.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Pragmatic_Sanction (356 words)

	Pragmatic sanction Information
		The so-called Pragmatic Sanction of Louis IX, purporting to have been issued in March 1269, regarding various clerical reforms, was a forgery fabricated in the 15th century.
		The Pragmatic Sanction of 1549, issued by Charles V, established the Seventeen Provinces as an entity separate from the Empire and from France.
		The Pragmatic Sanction of Naples, issued October 6 1759, by King Charles III of Spain, governed the succession to the thrones of Naples, Sicily, and Spain, and forbade the union of Naples and the Two Sicilies.
	www.bookrags.com /Pragmatic_Sanction (314 words)

	Pragmatic Sanction of 1548 Encyclopedia Information @ ArtQuilt.com (Art Quilt) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The so-called Pragmatic Sanction of Louis IX, purporting to have been issued in March 1269, regarding various clerical reforms, was a forgery fabricated in the 15th century.
		The Pragmatic Sanction of 1549, issued by Charles V, established the Seventeen Provinces as an entity separate from the Empire and from France.
		The Pragmatic Sanction of Naples, issued October 6, 1759, by King Charles III of Spain, governed the succession to the thrones of Naples, Sicily, and Spain, and forbade the union of Naples and the Two Sicilies.
	www.artquilt.com /encyclopedia/Pragmatic_Sanction_of_1548 (677 words)

	Pragmatic sanction - InformationBlast
		The so-called Pragmatic Sanction of St. Louis X, King of France, purporting to have been issued in March 1269, regarding various clerical reforms, was a forgery fabricated in the fourteenth century.
		The Pragmatic Sanction of 1548, issued by Charles V, established the Seventeen Provinces as an entity separate from the Empire and from France.
		The Pragmatic Sanction of Naples, issued 6 October 1759, by King Charles III of Spain, governed the succesion to the thrones of Naples, Sicily, and Spain, and forbade the union of Naples and the Two Sicilies.
	www.informationblast.com /Pragmatic_Sanction_of_1548.html (303 words)

	Medieval Sourcebook: The Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges, 1438
		Medieval Sourcebook: The Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges, 1438
		Among the decrees of that synod was the "Pragmatic Sanction," which placed significant restrictions on the powers of the pope.
		The king declares that, according to the oath taken at their coronation, kings are bound to defend and protect the holy church, its ministers and its sacred offices, and zealously to guard in their kingdoms the decrees of the holy fathers.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/source/1438pragmatic.html (483 words)

	Pragmatic Sanction: Free Encyclopedia Articles at Questia.com Online Library
		The Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges, issued by Charles VII of France in 1438, sharply limited the papal authority over the church in France and established the liberty of the Gallican Church (see Gallicanism).
		There have been many other pragmatic sanctions, but the term, if unqualified, always refers to the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713, issued by Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI to alter the law of succession of the Hapsburg family.
		Charles labored throughout his reign to obtain the adherence to the Pragmatic Sanction of the European sovereigns and of the diets and estates of the various Hapsburg lands.
	www.questia.com /library/encyclopedia/101265740 (2001 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for pragmatic
		Pragmatic Sanction An imperial or royal ordinance issued as a fundamental law.
		The Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges, issued by Charles VII of France in...
		The principle of pragmatic detachability in borrowing: English-origin discourse markers in Pennsylvania German(1).
	www.encyclopedia.com /searchpool.asp?target=pragmatic (1356 words)

	New Catholic Dictionary: pragmatic sanction
		The Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges, 1438, issued by Charles VII of France, accepting much of the reforming decrees of the pseudo-council of Basel.
		It was somewhat similar to the Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges.
		The Pragmatic Sanction of the Emperor Charles VI, 1719, reserving the Austrian hereditary lands to the female descendants, in case of the failure of male heirs.
	www.catholic-forum.com /saints/ncd06711.htm (175 words)

	Bourges - MSN Encarta
		Bourges, city in central France, capital of Cher Department.
		By the 14th century Bourges was the capital of the duchy of Berry; when other parts of France were occupied by the English in the early 15th century, Charles VII of France made the city his capital.
		Louis XI, who was born here, founded (1463) the University of Bourges, which was abolished during the French Revolution (1789-1799); the noted jurist Jacques Cujas was on its faculty in the 16th century.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761568655/Bourges.html (188 words)

	AllRefer.com - pragmatic sanction (Political Science: Terms And Concepts) - Encyclopedia
		pragmatic sanction, decision of state dealing with a matter of great importance to a community or a whole state and having the force of fundamental law.
		The Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges, issued by Charles VII of France in 1438, sharply limited the papal authority over the church in France and established the liberty of the Gallican Church (see Gallicanism).
		Charles labored throughout his reign to obtain the adherence to the Pragmatic Sanction of the European sovereigns and of the diets and estates of the various Hapsburg lands.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/P/pragsanc.html (589 words)

	Pragmatic sanction at AllExperts
		A pragmatic sanction is a sovereign's solemn decree on a matter of primary importance and has the force of fundamental law.
		When used as a proper noun, not otherwise qualified, it refers to the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713, a legal mechanism designed to ensure that the Austrian throne and Habsburg lands would be inherited by Emperor Charles VI's daughter, Maria Theresa.
		It has been argued that the name Pragmatic Sanction is not properly applied to this document, as this pragma was issued by princes subordinate to the emperor without the emperor's endorsement.
	en.allexperts.com /e/p/pr/pragmatic_sanction.htm (432 words)

	Bourges, Pragmatic Sanction of - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Bourges, Pragmatic Sanction of
		It was terminated in 1516 by the Concord(at) of Bologna.
		The Sanction was drawn up in response to a resolution of an assembly of prelates and delegates, named by the king, to regulate the affairs of the church in France.
		This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Bourges%2c+Pragmatic+Sanction+of (138 words)

	Jean de Jouffroy
		at the priory of Rulli, in the Diocese of Bourges, 24 November, 1473.
		The Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges (1438), besides asserting the superiority of councils over the Roman pontiff, had lessened the freedom and independence of the Church in France, and had, to a great extent, withdrawn it from the pope's control.
		The consequence was that, without directly re-establishing the Pragmatic Sanction, the king issued many decrees which practically did away with the concessions made by its revocation.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/j/jouffroy,jean_de.html (541 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pragmatic Sanction
		sanction meant in the latter period of the Roman Empire an edict formally issued by the emperor.
		Pragmatic Sanction, in which he accepted the decisions and ordered the observance of them.
		Austrian lands in 1720-4; then in the course of time it was also recognized and guaranteed by the Powers of Europe, so that after the death of Charles VI his daughter Maria Theresa could succeed.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/12333a.htm (987 words)

	Bourges Online, World Encyclopedia, India encyclopedia, Featured Articles, Cover Stories, World wide Informations @ ...
		Bourges is a town and commune in central France that is located on the YÃ¨vre river.
		During the Middle Ages, Bourges was the capital of a Viscounty until the fourteenth century.
		In 1438, Charles decreed the Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges.
	www.chennaivision.com /windex.php?title=Bourges (579 words)

	AllRefer.com - Bourges, France (French Political Geography) - Encyclopedia
		Known as Avaricum, Bourges was the Roman capital of Aquitania N of the Garonne River (see Gaul).
		In 1438 he promulgated the pragmatic sanction of bourges, which was revoked in 1461 by his son Louis XI, who was born in Bourges.
		Louis XI founded (1463) the Univ. of Bourges, where Jacques Cujas later taught; it was abolished in the French Revolution.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/B/Bourges.html (249 words)

	France - Bourges Cathedral
		The Cathedral of St Etienne of Bourges, built between the late 12th and late 13th centuries, is one of the great masterpieces of Gothic art and is admired for its proportions and the unity of its design.
		Bourges is a city in central France, capital of Cher Department.
		By the 14th century Bourges was the capital of the duchy of Berry; when other parts of France were occupied by the English in the early 15th century, Charles VII of France made the city his capital.
	worldheritage.heindorffhus.dk /frame-FranceBourges.htm (329 words)

	[No title]
		A pragmatic sanction, as the term was used by them, was an expression of the will of the sovereign or " the prince," defining the limits of his own power, or regulating the succession.
		In after ages the king of France, Charles VII., imposed limits on the claims of the popes to exercise jurisdiction in his dominions by the pragmatic sanction of Bourges in 1438.
		Philip V., the first of the Bourbon kings of Spain, introduced the Salic law by a pragmatic sanction, and his descendant, Ferdinand VII., revoked it by another.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /correction/edit?locale=en&content_id=54127 (380 words)

	Bourges — FactMonster.com
		of bourges, which was revoked in 1461 by his son Louis XI, who was born in Bourges.
		Louis XI founded (1463) the Univ. of Bourges, where Jacques Cujas later taught; it was abolished in the French Revolution.
		pragmatic sanction - pragmatic sanction pragmatic sanction, decision of state dealing with a matter of great importance...
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/world/A0808529.html (212 words)

	July 7: Pragmatic Sanction of Bourgis; Christian History Institute
		In addition to declaring that the pope was under conciliar authority, the Pragmatic Sanction demanded a reduction in the use of excommunication and interdiction, revised the celebration of the liturgy, called for further councils to be held at regular intervals, and reduced papal income and power.
		If the Pragmatic Sanction had stood, the French church would have become a national church much as the Church of England later did.
		Although superseded by the Concordat of Bologna in 1516, the Sanction was accepted by the French church for almost a century.
	chi.gospelcom.net /DAILYF/2001/07/daily-07-07-2001.shtml (562 words)

	Bourges - ZDNet (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Bourges is a town and commune in central France that is located on the Yèvre river.
		During the Middle Ages, Bourges was the capital of a Viscounty until the fourteenth century.
		The Impressionist painter, Berthe Morisot, was born in Bourges on January 14, 1841.
	www.zdnet.co.za /wiki/Bourges (760 words)

	18th Council, Fifth Lateran Council 1512-17 A.D.
		The most important discussions concerned the "Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges." In 1438 the King of France, Charles VII, had issued this edict, declaring a general council superior to the Pope and denying his right to nominate Bishops in France.
		For it is only in those regions that the sanction, carried out by those lacking all lawful power for that end and without the authority of popes or legitimate general councils, has been introduced and observed by way of an abuse.
		For these reasons we decree and ordain that henceforth those who attempt such things, even if (as mentioned) they are qualified, in addition to the aforesaid penalties which we renew and wish them to incur by the very fact of their contravention, are to be regarded as incapable of all legal acts and as intestable.
	www.catholicbook.com /AgredaCD/Ecumenical_Councils/Lateran5.htm (9335 words)

	pragmatic sanction — FactMonster.com
		pragmatic sanction, decision of state dealing with a matter of great importance to a community or a whole state and having the force of fundamental law.
		Pragmatic Sanction - Pragmatic Sanction Sanctio in Latin means a “decree or ordinance with a penalty...
		War of the Austrian Succession: Causes of the War - Causes of the War The war broke out when, on the strength of the pragmatic sanction of 1713, the...
	www.factmonster.com /id/A0839983 (536 words)

	pragmatic sanction — Infoplease.com
		Toward a pragmatic understanding of status-consciousness: the case of deregulated education.(equal protection doctrine vs. state charter......
		The dawning of the Bush method; a pragmatic approach to foreign policy replaces the Reagan doctrine.
		A pragmatic approach to the problem of portable antiquities: the experience of England and Wales.(Debate)
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/history/A0839983.html (668 words)

	Council of Basel
		The council was convened at a period when the Conciliar movement was strong and the authority of the papacy weak.
		In the pressure for reform within the Church, a decree of the Council of Constance (9 October 1417), sanctioned by Pope Martin V, obliged the papacy to summon general councils periodically.
		Germany remained neutral; Charles VII of France confined himself to securing to his kingdom (by the Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges, which became law on 13 July 1438) the benefit of a great number of the reforms decreed at Basel; England and Italy remained faithful to Eugene IV.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/c/co/council_of_basel.html (1833 words)

	WHKMLA : The Reformation in France
		Ecclesiastically France was divided in the Archbishoprics of Reims, Rouen, Tours, Sens, Bourges, Lyon, Bordeaux, Auch, Toulouse, Narbonne, Arles and Aix-en-Provence.
		The INVESTITURE CONFLICT of the 11th-12th century had been fought between popes and emperors; in France, the king continued to be the decisive influence when it came to the appointment of bishops.
		The PRAGMATIC SANCTION OF BOURGES (1445) meant the Church of France, while remaining Catholic, reduced her dependency on Rome; the sanction was accepted by Pope Leo X. in 1516.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/period/reformation/fraref.html (453 words)

	Chapter Potage <i>to</i> P. R. B of P by Brewer's Readers Handbook
		(1)The Pragmatic Sanction of St. Louis (1268), which forbade the court of Rome to levy taxes or collect subscriptions in France without the express permission of the king.
		The French clergy were forbidden to appeal to Rome on any point affecting the secular condition of the nation; and the Roman pontiff was wholly forbidden to appropriate to himself any vacant living, or to appoint to any bishopric or parish church in France.
		(3) The Pragmatic Sanction of kaiser Karl VI.
	www.bibliomania.com /2/3/174/1126/14928/2.html (560 words)

	concordat. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The earliest agreement to be called a concordat (see Worms, Concordat of, 1122) was a dual proclamation rather than a bilateral act.
		The Concordat of 1516 between Pope Leo X and King Francis I of France, which abolished the Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges (see pragmatic sanction), gave the king the right to nominate bishops, abbots, and priors but reserved to the pope the right of confirmation and special rights of appointment.
		That right was revoked at the States-General of Orléans in 1561, and the struggle between Gallicanism and ultramontanism was resumed, to last until the French Revolution.
	www.bonus.com /contour/bartlettqu/http@@/www.bartleby.com/65/co/concorda.html (473 words)

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