Pragmatic maxim - Factbites

Pragmatic maxim - Factbites
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Topic: Pragmatic maxim

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	p-prabur.htm
		If the pragmatic maxim should someday be deemed inadequate or unacceptable as the cornerstone of a theory of meaning, it will not be because it could not be used to formulate a robust and commendable conception of rationality.
		But it says nothing of the acceptability of a concept that one is able to clarify that concept using the pragmatic maxim.
		This brings us to the alleged dilemma that the pragmatic maxim was specifically intended to address.
	www.digitalpeirce.fee.unicamp.br /p-prabur.htm (5431 words)

	C.S. Peirce's Pragmatism [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		Peirce felt that this austerity towards meaning was an upshot of his early formulations of the pragmatic maxim, ruling out all metaphysics, including the kind that he felt might be respectable enough to count as meaningful.
		Peirce’s unwillingness to say that the diamond is hard is, in part, a consequence of the way he ties his pragmatic maxim to his account of inquiry.
		Peirce’s pragmatic maxim is often compared with the logical positivist’s verification principle of meaning.
	www.iep.utm.edu /p/PeircePr.htm (5436 words)

	C.S. Peirce's Pragmatism [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		Peirce introduces this principle, which we shall discuss in detail below as the third grade of clarity, as a development of the rationalist notion of “clear and distinct ideas.” Combining his pragmatic maxim with notions of clarity from Descartes and Leibniz, Peirce identifies three grades of clarity or understanding.
		Peirce’s pragmatic maxim is often compared with the logical positivist’s verification principle of meaning.
		It is this use of the pragmatic maxim as a filter against empty metaphysical statements that ultimately leads to a comparison between Peirce’s maxim and the verification principles of the logical positivists.
	www.iep.utm.edu /p/PeircePr.htm (5436 words)

	Commentary Magazine - American Pragmatism Reconsidered: III. John Dewey
		...In fact, by his own standards, even his celebrated pragmatic maxim, not to mention the metaphysical corollaries he appended to it, are devoid of sense...
		...what is clear is that he has forced a fundamental reconstruction of the conceptual scheme of the pragmatic theory of interpretation and criticism as well as that of aesthetics itself...
		...Accordingly, he was forced to enlarge the pragmatic study of meaning-or use-of ideas so as to include concepts whose function is not to designate the observable characters of things, but to guide our actions and to articulate our ideals...
	www.commentarymagazine.com /Summaries/V34I4P64-1.htm (5436 words)

	Pragmatics and time
		More generally, Grice seems to have assumed that any aspect of utterance interpretation governed by the Co-operative Principle and maxims must be analysed as an implicature, and Gricean pragmatists have invariably followed him on this.
		For example, (1b) would be compatible with Grice's maxim of orderliness if ten years had elapsed between the dropping and the breaking of the glass, yet this is not normally an appropriate interval for the interpretation of (1b).
		Grice's solution to the sequencing problem was based on his maxim 'Be orderly', which instructs speakers to recount events in the order in which they happened.
	www.dan.sperber.com /time.htm (5436 words)

	LasCasas2
		Las Casas used Quod omnes tangit in a manner which was reconcilable with the way it had been used in the past, but he adroitly applied the maxim to a novel situation.
		Las Casas began this section of De thesauris by quoting the legal maxim which had originated in the private law of the Romans: Quod omnes tangit debet ab omnibus approbari; what touches all must be approved by all.
		Las Casas was not a pragmatic activist or a Thomist, but essentially a jurist whose ideas were based on medieval juridical theory.
	www.maxwell.syr.edu /maxpages/classes/His381/LasCasas2.html (6400 words)

	Descriptions
		If the application of Gricean or other pragmatic principles can give rise to definite uses of indefinite descriptions, then one might speculate that the distinction between definite and indefinite descriptions can be collapsed altogether — that is, perhaps ‘the’ and ‘a’ have the same literal meaning and the only relevant distinction between them is pragmatic.
		On the assumption that S is adhering to the Maxim of Quality, he must have adequate evidence for thinking that the F is G.
		For example, one of the advantages of employing the Gricean distinction between the proposition literally communicated and the proposition meant is that it offers an account for our being ambivalent about Donnellan's (1966) misdescription cases.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/descriptions (6400 words)

	Markus Guhe & Frank Schilder
		According to the Gricean maxim of quantity no unnecessary information is to be uttered: if an extension by a VP ellipsis is possible this way is chosen and the double information is left implicit.
		We see our proposal as a contribution to the goal that `pragmatic principles should be derivable from the way how the information to be verbalised is selected and processed' (cf.
		(The utterance is not over-informative.) The self-correction also complies with this maxim, because only the differing information is replaced.
	www.linguistics.ruhr-uni-bochum.de /dgfs-2003/guhe-schilder.htm (6400 words)

	Academic Research Papers WESTERN PHILOSOPHY TO 1900
		A comarison of the pragmatic maxim of William James, and Charles Pierce with the verification principle of the Logical Positivists Bertrand Russell and A. Ayers.
		Pragmatism's emphasis on results is compared with Positivism's emphasis on linguistic verification of meaning.
	www.academicresearchpapers.com /catpages/catl18c.html (6400 words)

	THE PRAGMATIC MAXIM AND THE VERIFICATION PRINCIPLE.
		A comarison of the pragmatic maxim of William James, and Charles Pierce with the verification principle of the Logical Positivists Bertrand Russell and A. Ayers.
		Pragmatism's emphasis on results is compared with Positivism's emphasis on linguistic verification of meaning.
		PAGE LENGTHS, FOOTNOTES AND BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES: The title of the paper, usually typed in capital letters, is followed by a brief description of the paper and a specification of text page length (NOT including the bibliography or endnote pages), number of footnotes or citations, and number of bibliographic references.
	www.academictermpapers.com /abstracts/10000/10182.html (6400 words)

	Social sciences - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Theodore Porter argued in "The Rise of Statistical Thinking" that the effort to provide a synthetic social science is a matter of both administration and discovery combined, and that the rise of social science was, therefore, marked by both pragmatic needs as much as by theoretical purity.
		Lord Rutherford 's famous maxim that any knowledge that one cannot measure numerically "is a poor sort of knowledge", the stage was set for the conception of the humanities as being precursors to "social science" was set.
		International Institute of Social History and departments of "social research" at prestigious universities was meant to fill the growing demand for individuals who could quantify human interactions and produce models for decision making on this basis.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Social_sciences (6400 words)

	Pragmatics
		Given an inferential system rich enough to disambiguate, assign reference and compute implicatures, it is more natural (and parsimonious) to treat the output of semantics as a highly schematic logical form, which is fleshed out into fully propositional form by pragmatic inferences that go well beyond what is envisaged on a literalist approach.
		They treat sentences as encoding something as close as possible to full propositions, and explicit communication as governed by a maxim or convention of truthfulness, so that the inference from sentence meaning to speaker’s meaning is simply a matter of assigning referents to referring expressions, and perhaps of deriving implicatures.
		Such implicitly communicated propositions, or implicatures, are widely seen (along with presuppositions and illocutionary force) as the main subject matter of pragmatics.
	www.dan.sperber.com /pragmatics.htm (10867 words)

	Pragmatics
		Given an inferential system rich enough to disambiguate, assign reference and compute implicatures, it is more natural (and parsimonious) to treat the output of semantics as a highly schematic logical form, which is fleshed out into fully propositional form by pragmatic inferences that go well beyond what is envisaged on a literalist approach.
		They treat sentences as encoding something as close as possible to full propositions, and explicit communication as governed by a maxim or convention of truthfulness, so that the inference from sentence meaning to speaker’s meaning is simply a matter of assigning referents to referring expressions, and perhaps of deriving implicatures.
		A considerable body of work in semantics and pragmatics over the last thirty years suggests strongly that the gap between sentence meaning and proposition expressed is considerably wider than Grice thought, and is unlikely to be bridged simply by assigning values to referential expressions.
	www.dan.sperber.com /pragmatics.htm (10867 words)

	Pragmatics
		Given an inferential system rich enough to disambiguate, assign reference and compute implicatures, it is more natural (and parsimonious) to treat the output of semantics as a highly schematic logical form, which is fleshed out into fully propositional form by pragmatic inferences that go well beyond what is envisaged on a literalist approach.
		They treat sentences as encoding something as close as possible to full propositions, and explicit communication as governed by a maxim or convention of truthfulness, so that the inference from sentence meaning to speaker’s meaning is simply a matter of assigning referents to referring expressions, and perhaps of deriving implicatures.
		A considerable body of work in semantics and pragmatics over the last thirty years suggests strongly that the gap between sentence meaning and proposition expressed is considerably wider than Grice thought, and is unlikely to be bridged simply by assigning values to referential expressions.
	www.dan.sperber.com /pragmatics.htm (10867 words)

	Pragmatics
		Given an inferential system rich enough to disambiguate, assign reference and compute implicatures, it is more natural (and parsimonious) to treat the output of semantics as a highly schematic logical form, which is fleshed out into fully propositional form by pragmatic inferences that go well beyond what is envisaged on a literalist approach.
		They treat sentences as encoding something as close as possible to full propositions, and explicit communication as governed by a maxim or convention of truthfulness, so that the inference from sentence meaning to speaker’s meaning is simply a matter of assigning referents to referring expressions, and perhaps of deriving implicatures.
		A considerable body of work in semantics and pragmatics over the last thirty years suggests strongly that the gap between sentence meaning and proposition expressed is considerably wider than Grice thought, and is unlikely to be bridged simply by assigning values to referential expressions.
	www.dan.sperber.com /pragmatics.htm (10867 words)

	[Inquiry] Re: Differential Logic
		Finally, I could not resist taking up the connection between group representations, which constitute a very generic class of logical models, and the all-important pragmatic maxim.
		For one thing, groups, in particular, the special family of groups that have come to be named after the Norwegian mathematician Marius Sophus Lie, turn out to be of critical importance in the solution of differential equations.
		If you think that we have been taking a slight excursion my reply to the charge of a scenic rout would be both "yes and no".
	stderr.org /pipermail/inquiry/2003-April/000391.html (10867 words)

	WJMLL 4-5/99-00
		Haverkate (1984) suggests that the prime motivation is pragmatic in nature and appeals to Grice's maxim of quality, arguing that this is the only principle which is speaker-centred.
		Thus, one of the most complete investigations of this area, Enríquez's (1984) study of the subject personal pronoun in the educated speech of Madrid, is based on an extensive corpus of naturally-occurring data.
		An additional advantage of this kind of situation is that it allows the analyst to minimise potential problems caused by 'the observer's paradox' (Labov, 1972) to the extent that participants rapidly become immersed in their own interactional goals and are increasingly unaware of the fact of being observed.
	wjmll.ncl.ac.uk /issue04-05/stewart.htm (10867 words)

	american.html
		Peirce presented what came to be called 'the pragmatic maxim' to the Metaphysical Club in an 1872 version of his paper 'How to Make Our Ideas Clear'(1878: 132): 'Consider what effects, which might conceivably have practical bearing, we conceive the object of our conception to have.
		Peirce worked at the U. Coast and Geodetic Survey in the 60s and 70s, and was appointed to a lectureship in logic in the new Graduate School at Johns Hopkins in 1879; but he was dismissed in 1884, and, despite occasional lectures at Harvard arranged by William James, never taught regularly again.
		Charles Peirce seemed destined for intellectual achievement from an early age, and he began publishing papers on logic and semiotics in the 1860s.
	www.unm.edu /~rgoodman/american.html (5135 words)

	Stef Slembrouck (1998-2004) - WHAT IS MEANT BY DISCOURSE ANALYSIS?
		In this respect, it is true to say that much work in linguistic anthropology has a discourse analytical and/or a pragmatic orientation.
		For instance, a "white lie" can be described as a linguistic strategy through which a speaker intentionally and covertly violates the maxim of quality so as to "spare the feelings" of the person s/he addresses or in order to save his/her own face.
		Within a linguistic anthropological strand of enquiry, deixis is viewed as a linguistic phenomenon which fundamentally challenges the view that language would be a self-contained, autonomous system.
	bank.rug.ac.be /da/da.htm (13759 words)

	Metaphor and the Space Structuring Model
		On the standard model, metaphor comprehension begins when the listener realizes that the speaker has intentionally violated the Gricean Maxim of Quality, "Be truthful." Upon realizing the literal incongruity of a metaphoric utterance, the listener must then derive a nonliteral interpretation.
		In fact, on traditional accounts, conforming to these maxims is what enables speakers to discern literal language, which is thought to involve compositional parsing mechanisms, from nonliteral language, in which world knowledge and general reasoning processes must be invoked to understand the speakerÂ’s intended meaning.
		Understanding normal language also demands compliance to communicative maxims: Utterances must be truthful, relevant, and maximally informative.
	cogsci.ucsd.edu /~coulson/ssm.htm (13759 words)

	Relevance Theory Online Bibliographic Service
		Wilson, D. (1995) "Is there a maxim of truthfulness?" UCL Working Papers in Linguistics 7: 197-212.
		He, Z. (1995) "Gricean pragmatic theory and the relevance theory." Foreign Languages and Translation 4.
		Wilson, D. (1997) "Linguistic structure and inferential communication." Plenary lecture to the XVI International Congress of Linguists, 25 July, Paris.
	www.ua.es /dfing/rt.htm (13759 words)

	Cognitive Questions in Software Visualisation
		Software visualisations are a context of communication between the designer and user of the visualisation, so these pragmatic principles are just as relevant as the lower-level perceptual elements that have already been assimilated by the HCI community.
		This analysis is derived from Grice's maxims of communication - a convoluted piece of wiring, for example, is expected to mean something because the reader assumes that there must have been a reason why the designer violated the Gricean maxim of brevity.
		He considers the ways in which certain arrangements of graphical elements carry with them further implications.
	www.cl.cam.ac.uk /~afb21/publications/book-chapter.html (13759 words)

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