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	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pragmatic Sanction
		Pragmatic sanction meant in the latter period of the Roman Empire an edict formally issued by the emperor.
		This pragmatic sanction was accepted by the estates of the Austrian lands in 1720-4; then in the course of time it was also recognized and guaranteed by the Powers of Europe, so that after the death of Charles VI his daughter Maria Theresa could succeed.
		The Pragmatic Sanction of Charles III of Spain
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/12333a.htm (1061 words)

	Pragmatic sanction - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		When used as a proper noun, not otherwise qualified, it refers to the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713, a legal mechanism designed to ensure that the Austrian throne and Habsburg lands would be inherited by Emperor Karl VI's daughter, Maria Theresa.
		The Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges, issued by King Charles VIII of France, on 7 July 1438, limiting the authority of the pope over the Church within France.
		The Pragmatic Sanction of 1549, issued by Charles V, established the Seventeen Provinces as an entity separate from the Empire and from France.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pragmatic_sanction (343 words)

	pragmatic sanction on Encyclopedia.com
		The Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges, issued by Charles VII of France in 1438, sharply limited the papal authority over the church in France and established the liberty of the Gallican Church (see Gallicanism).
		Charles labored throughout his reign to obtain the adherence to the Pragmatic Sanction of the European sovereigns and of the diets and estates of the various Hapsburg lands.
		The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle of 1748 confirmed the Pragmatic Sanction.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/p1/pragsanc.asp (681 words)

	PRAGMATIC SANCTION - LoveToKnow Article on PRAGMATIC SANCTION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In more recent times it was adopted by those countries which followed the Roman law, and in particular by despotically governed countries where the rulers had a natural tendency to approve of the maxims and to adopt the language of the imperial Roman lawyers.
		A pragmatic sanction, as the term was used by them, was an expression of the will of the sovereign or the prince, defining the limits of his own power, or regulating the succession.
		In after ages the king of France, Charles VII., imposed limits on the claims of the popes to exercise jurisdiction in his dominions by the pragmatic sanction.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /P/PR/PRAGMATIC_SANCTION.htm (340 words)

	Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges,issued by King Charles VIII of France, on 7 July 1438, required a General Church Council, withauthority superior to that of the pope, to be held every ten years, required election rather than appointment to ecclesiasticaloffices, prohibited the pope from bestowing, and profiting from, benefices, and limited appeals to Rome.
		The Pragmatic Sanction of 1548, issued by Charles V, established the Seventeen Provinces as an entity separate from the Empire and fromFrance.
		The Pragmatic Sanction of 1830, issued 29 March 1830 by King Ferdinand VII of Spain, ratified a Decree of 1789 by Charles IV of Spain, which had replaced the semi-Salic systemestablished by Philip V with the mixed succession system that predated the Bourbon monarchy.
	www.therfcc.org /pragmatic-sanction-of-bourges-222199.html (348 words)

	PRAGMATISM - LoveToKnow Article on PRAGMATISM
		In its logical aspect pragmatism originates in a criticisn of fundamental conceptions like truth, error, fact ones are all more or less obsolescent, and their very number show that the meaning of the word was very vague.
		Pragmatism has very distinctly a connection with religion, because it explains, and to some extent justifies, the faithattitude or will to believe, and those who study the psychology of religion cannot but be impiessed with the pragmatic nature of this attitude.
		By applying the pragmatic test on the other hand, it is possible to describe how truths are developed and errors corrected, and how in general old truths are adjusted to new situations.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /P/PR/PRAGMATISM.htm (3758 words)

	Encyclopedia: The Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The "Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges", as it came to be known, strengthened the already existing "nationalistic" tendency of the French Church as over against the centralization of the Papal Monarchy system which had been trying to rule, and rule absolutely, all of Western Christendom since its birth in the
		For the remainder of the fifteenth century the Pragmatic Sanction would be a thorn in the sides of the absolute papalists, helping to keep alive the main principles of the Conciliar program even after the great councils themselves had ceased.
		The king declares that, according to the oath taken at their coronation, kings are bound to defend and protect the holy church, its ministers and its sacred offices, and zealously to guard in their kingdoms the decrees of the holy fathers.
	www.societaschristiana.com /Encyclopedia/P/PragmaticSanctionOfBourges.html (827 words)

	The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge, Vol. IX: Petri - Reuchlin (pragmatic_sanction)
		PRAGMATIC SANCTION: in the period of the later Roman Empire, a solemn rescript of the emperor, especially one issued on matters of public law upon motion of a city, province, or church.
		The pragmatic sanction of Bourges by Charles VII.
		Pragmatic sanction is the name given also to the document by which Emperor Charles VI.
	www.ccel.org /ccel/schaff/encyc09.pragmatic_sanction.html (801 words)

	Pragmatic Sanction Information - TextSheet.com
		When used as a proper noun, it usually refers to the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713, a legal mechanism designed to ensure that the Austrian throne and Habsburg lands would be inherited by Emperor Karl IV's daughter, Maria Theresia.
		3 The Failure of the Pragmatic Sanction to be honored
		The office of Holy Roman Emperor was filled by Joseph I's son-in-law Karl Albrecht of Bavaria (this was an elective office, not a hereditary one, and the Pragmatic Sanction in no case would have effected it).
	www.medbuster.com /encyclopedia/p/pr/pragmatic_sanction.html (880 words)

	PRAGMATIC SANCTION OF 1830 - ABOLITION OF SEMI-SALIC LAW (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The reaction to the promulgation of the Pragmatic Sanction of 1830 was immediate, since the Queen's pregnancy was announced officially at the same time.
		Saint-Priest himself, replying on 17 May 1830 to Polignac, stated that it was the common belief that the earlier Pragmatic Decree of 1789 was in fact a forgery (and it exists only in copies, the original having disappeared), and that this was a liberal manoeuvre to prevent the succession of Don Carlos.
		When the King recovered she persuaded him to reinstate his Pragmatic Sanction which he did by a royal decree of 31 Dec 1832.
	www.chivalricorders.org /royalty/bourbon/france/success/sucprt4.htm (2707 words)

	ninemsn Encarta - Search Results - Pragmatic Sanction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Pragmatic Sanction, 1713, measure designed to ensure that the Habsburg empire in Italy and central Europe passed intact from the emperor Charles VI...
		In accordance with the Pragmatic Sanction, Charles’s eldest daughter, Maria Theresa, who in 1736 had married Francis, Duke of Lorraine, ascended the...
		By the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713, Charles secured the recognition of the...
	au.encarta.msn.com /Pragmatic_Sanction.html (95 words)

	Pragmatic sanction -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The German Pragmatic Sanction of 1439, issued by German ruling princes 26 March 1439, accepted some of the decrees of the (Click link for more info and facts about Council of Basel) Council of Basel with modifications.
		The (Click link for more info and facts about Pragmatic Sanction of 1549) Pragmatic Sanction of 1549, issued by (Click link for more info and facts about Charles V) Charles V, established the (Click link for more info and facts about Seventeen Provinces) Seventeen Provinces as an entity separate from the Empire and from France.
		The Pragmatic Sanction of Naples, issued 6 October 1759, by King (Click link for more info and facts about Charles III of Spain) Charles III of Spain, governed the succession to the thrones of Naples, Sicily, and Spain, and forbade the union of Naples and the Two Sicilies.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/p/pr/pragmatic_sanction.htm (312 words)

	Brewer, E. Cobham. Dictionary of Phrase & Fable. Pragmat’ic Sanction.
		By this ordinance the authority of a general council was declared superior to the dictum of the Pope; the clergy were forbidden to appeal to Rome on any point affecting the secular condition of the nation; and the Roman pontiff was forbidden to appropriate a vacant benefice, or to appoint either bishop or parish priest.
		Pragmatic Sanction of St. Louis, 1268, forbade the court of Rome to levy taxes or collect subscriptions in France without the express sanction of the king.
		This is emphatically the Pragmatic Sanction, unless some qualifying word or date is added, to restrict it to some other instrument.
	www.bartleby.com /81/13582.html (320 words)

	Chapter Pot-boilers <i>to</i> Pragmatic Sanction of P by Brewer's Phrase & Fable
		Chapter Pot-boilers to Pragmatic Sanction of P by Brewer's Phrase and Fable
		Pragmatic Sanction of St. Louis, 1268, forbade the court of Rome to levy taxes or collect subsciptions in France without the express sanction of the king.
		Whereby the succession of the empire was made hereditary in the female line, in order to transmit the crown to Maria Theresa, the daughter of Charles VI.
	www.bibliomania.com /2/3/255/1181/23750/3.html (198 words)

	E. Europe Events
		PRAGMATIC SANCTION -- Royal decree an issue of major importance to the state.
		Long before his death, Charles had issued the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713, naming his daughter, Maria Theresa, as heir to the Hapsburg lands (but not the imperial title).
		The most famous of these sanctions was that issued by the Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI in 1713.
	www.coldwater.k12.mi.us /apeuro/e__europe_events.htm (921 words)

	Information on Pragmatic sanction
		[1913 Webster] Pragmatic sanction, a solemn ordinance or decree issued by the head or legislature of a state upon weighty matters; -- a term derived from the Byzantine empire.
		pragmatic sanction n : an imperial decree that becomes part of the fundamental law of the land
		In the civil law, the answer given by the emperors on questions of law, when consulted by a corporation or the citizens of a province, or of a, municipality, was called a pragmatic sanction.
	www.wkonline.com /d/Pragmatic_sanction.html (298 words)

	Austria - The Pragmatic Sanction and the War of the Austrian Succession, 1740-48 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Although the Habsburg Empire continued to expand in the east at Turkish expense, Charles VI recognized that defense of Austria's position in Europe required greater economic and political centralization to foster the development of a stronger economic base.
		In 1713 Charles promulgated the Pragmatic Sanction to establish the legal basis for transmission of the Habsburg lands to his daughter Maria Theresa (r.
		This reversal of alliances was sealed by the marriage of Maria Theresa's youngest daughter, Marie Antoinette, to the future Louis XVI of France.
	countrystudies.us /austria/16.htm (393 words)

	Encyclopedia: Pragmatic Sanction of 1549 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Charles VIII of France (June 30, 1470–April 7, 1498; French: Charles VIII de France), nicknamed the Affable (lAffable), was King of France from 1483 to his death.
		A decree of the Council of Constance (9 October 1417), sanctioned by Pope Martin V obliged the papacy to summon general councils periodically.
		Charles V Holy Roman Emperor and King of Spain Charles V (Spanish: Carlos V) (24 February 1500–21 September 1558) was effectively (the first) King of Spain from 1516 to 1556 (in principle, he was from 1516 king of Aragon and from 1516 guardian of his insane mother, queen of...
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Pragmatic-Sanction-of-1549 (1025 words)

	Kolbe's Greatest Books: Church Councils, Fifth Lateran Council (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In the fourth session the advocate of the council demanded the revocation of the Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges.
		For it is only in those regions that the sanction, carried out by those lacking all lawful power for that end and without the authority of popes or legitimate general councils, has been introduced and observed by way of an abuse.
		For these reasons we decree and ordain that henceforth those who attempt such things, even if (as mentioned) they are qualified, in addition to the aforesaid penalties which we renew and wish them to incur by the very fact of their contravention, are to be regarded as incapable of all legal acts and as intestable.
	www.greatestbooks.org /visitorlibrary/gbooks/churchcouncils/lateran5/lateran5.htm (8581 words)

	Pragmatic Sanction of Emperor Charles VI -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Pragmatic Sanction of Emperor Charles VI -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Pragmatic Sanction of Emperor Charles VI Print this Table of Contents
		He created the political system that was based upon the Pragmatic Sanction; it was intended to guarantee the peaceful accession of Charles VI's daughter Maria Theresa to the entire Habsburg inheritance.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9061169?tocId=9061169 (863 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Maria Theresa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		As early as 1713 he had promulgated a family law, the Pragmatic Sanction, by virtue of which the possessions of the Hapsburgs were to remain undivided and, in default of a male heir, fall to his eldest daughter.
		The Elector Charles Albert of Bavaria, who had never recognized the Pragmatic Sanction, laid claim to Austria as the descendant of a daughter of Emperor Ferdinand I (1556-1564), and referred to a testament of 1547, in which mention was made however not of the failure of "male" but of "legitimate" issue.
		Her ally, King George II of England, marched forward with the "pragmatic army" and defeated the French at Dettingen (27 June, 1743).
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/09662d.htm (3433 words)

	Literary Encyclopedia: War of the Austrian Succession
		The Pragmatic Sanction was issued by Charles in 1713 –; two years after he succeeded his elder brother, Joseph – and altered the laws of the succession of the Hapsburg family.
		The purpose of the Sanction was to guarantee the integrity of the Hapsburg lands and to avoid a power struggle upon Charles’s death.
		Charles laboured throughout his reign to obtain adherence to the Sanction: the diet of the Holy Roman Emperor had ratified it in 1732, France pledged its support in 1738, and it was endorsed by all the diets of the Hapsburg domains (including those of the Austrian Netherlands, Bohemia and Hungary).
	www.litencyc.com /php/stopics.php?rec=true&UID=1177 (1916 words)

	Pragmatic Sanction (1713) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		A son was born to Charles in 1716 but died in the same year, and Charles's subsequent children were both daughters (Maria Theresa (1717-1780), born in 1717, and Maria Anna, born in 1718).
		Accordingly, in 1720, the Pragmatic Sanction was published, embodying Charles's decision of 1713.
		in October 1740, however, the Pragmatic Sanction was promptly contested by two of the powers that had guaranteed it: Charles Albert of Bavaria and Frederick the Great of Prussia.
	www.hfac.uh.edu /gbrown/philosophers/leibniz/BritannicaPages/PragmaticSanction/Pragmatic%20Sanction.html (278 words)

	Selected Speeches of Kossuth: Appendices to Kossuth's Speeches (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Pragmatic Sanction was still considered as good as law; and the many precedents of our history, when the nation and its kings went to war with each other, and ultimately settled their disputes by solemn pacts confirming the constitution of the land, conveyed the notion that a reconciliation was even then not impossible.
		This was done by the imposition of the constitution of the 4th of March, 1849, by which the House of Austria itself annihilated the Pragmatic Sanction, treating free and independent Hungary with the arrogance of a conqueror.
		The eyes of the too credulous natives were now opened, and still more when the King refused to sanction the acts for the levying of troops and raising of funds for the suppression of the rebellion, although the Diet had been convened chiefly for this purpose.
	www.hrfa.org /kossuth/kosappend.html (3758 words)

	PRAGMATIC - Definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		[adj] of or concerning the theory of pragmatism
		We can not always be contemplative, diligent, or pragmatical, abroad; but have need of some delightful intermissions.
		The fellow grew so pragmatical that he took upon him the government of my whole family.
	www.hyperdictionary.com /dictionary/pragmatic (231 words)

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