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Topic: Prague Spring

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Socialism with a human face

Warsaw Pact

Alexander Dubcek

Croatian Social Liberal Party

History of Czechoslovakia

Communist Party of Czechoslovakia

Prague Spring International Music Festival

List of political parties in Croatia

Czechoslovakia

Communist Party of the USSR

Brezhnev Doctrine

Soviet bloc

Leonid Ilych Brezhnev

Occupation of Czechoslovakia

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	Prague Spring - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Prague Spring (Czech: Pražské jaro, Slovak: Pražská jar, Russian: пражская весна) was a period of political liberalization in Czechoslovakia starting January 5, 1968 when Alexander Dubček came to power, and running until August 20 of that year when the Soviet Union and its Warsaw Pact allies (except for Romania) invaded the country.
		The events of the Prague Spring deepened the disillusion of many Western leftists with Leninist views, and contributed to the growth of Eurocommunist ideas in Western communist parties — leading to the eventual dissolution or break-up of many of these groups.
		A decade later, the Prague Spring lent its name to an analogous period of Chinese political liberalization known as the Beijing Spring.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Prague_Spring (1955 words)

	Prague - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Under Charles Prague was the capital of the Holy Roman Empire, and its rank was elevated to that of archbishopric.
		The expulsion of Jews from Prague by Maria Theresa of Austria in 1745 based on their alleged collaboration with the Prussian army was a severe blow to the flourishing Jewish community.
		Prague was thenceforth the capital of a Communist Republic under the military and political control of Soviet Union, and in 1955 it entered the Warsaw Pact.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Prague (3044 words)

	Prague - MSN Encarta
		Prague (Czech Praha), capital and largest city of the Czech Republic, located in the west central part of the country, in the region of Bohemia.
		Prague flourished during the Czech national awakening in the l9th century and as the capital of the Czechoslovak Republic in the period between World War I and World War II.
		The Czech Philharmonic and Prague Symphony are world-renowned.
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?refid=761556417 (1174 words)

	ipedia.com: Prague Spring Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Prague Spring is either an international music festival, or an important period of history of Czechoslovakia in 1968.
		The Prague Spring is one of the few festivals in the world to show an interest in young performers.
		The Prague Spring Competition was established just one year after the festival itself, and is held each year in various instrumental sections.
	www.ipedia.com /prague_spring.html (629 words)

	Prague Spring - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Prague Spring
		His reforms, which were known as the Prague Spring or ‘socialism with a human face’, were for the most part reversed by new leaders installed by Soviet Russia.
		In August 1968 Soviet tanks invaded Czechoslovakia and entered the capital Prague to put down the liberalization movement initiated by the prime minister Alexander Dubček, who had earlier sought to assure the Soviets that his planned reforms would not threaten socialism.
		Most of the Prague Spring reforms were reversed.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Prague%20Spring (220 words)

	No Prague Spring for Catholic church
		PRAGUE -- Like Krakow, the center of this city is a gorgeous Catholic theme park -- Romanesque, Gothic, Baroque, even some Rococo churches, monasteries, convents, schools, art treasures, bells, music.
		In the Battle of White Mountain near Prague at the beginning of the Thirty Years War (which devastated much of Europe), the empire drove the Swedish occupying force and the Protestants out and they never really returned.
		But for the next few hundred years, Prague was a subject province of the empire, regaining its independence in 1918.
	www.suntimes.com /output/greeley/cst-edt-greel26.html (721 words)

	Prague Spring: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The prague spring international music festival is a permanent showcase for outstanding performing artists, symphony orchestras and chamber music ensembles of the world....
		Leninism is a political and economicseconomic theory which builds upon marxism (a form of communism); it is a branch of marxism (and it has been the dominant...
		The beijing spring was a brief period of political liberalization in the peoples republic of china which occurred in 1977 and 1978....
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/p/pr/prague_spring.htm (1616 words)

	Czech Republic: Prague, Celebrating with Music.
		The chief patrons are the City of Prague, Capital of the Czech Republic, and its mayor, Pavel Bém, together with the President of the Czech Republic Václav Klaus.
		It was at the Prague Spring that most of the Czech premières of his wartime and post-war symphonies – often in the presence of the Shostakovich himself–, were heard.
		The Prague Spring performance of this work, will be given by the American conductor Murry Sidlin and an ensemble of roughly 200 members, including soloists, local choirs, and the orchestra of the Catholic University of America (from Washington, D.C.).
	www.thefamilytravelfiles.com /ezine/Articles/305.asp (1275 words)

	The Prague Post Online
		He was apparently one of those who believed the Prague Spring might eventually lead to significant changes to the totalitarian system or at least give the citizens of Czechoslovakia the feeling that they are once more able to determine their country's destiny.
		The Prague Spring of 1968 began a year earlier with the launch of nonpolitical reforms addressing the deteriorating economic situation.
		Today people who lived through the Prague Spring see it as a dream that was brutally destroyed by the Soviet empire, while the true motivations of the reformers are not questioned.
	www.praguepost.com /P03/2004/Art/0819/opin1.php (1143 words)

	Music and Markets Prague Spring Festival
		Prague is a music-lover’s dream, where the sounds of Mozart come drifting from every corner of the city.
		The Prague Spring Festival, which will be devoted to the celebration of Mozart's 250th anniversary in 2006, is one of the most illustrious of European music festivals.
		Prague’s markets and shops offer a marvelous taste of real life in this charming city, and we’ll explore them together, discovering the best of Prague’s famous Bohemian crystal, jewelry set with garnets-deep red as the darkest wine, colorful marionettes, or perhaps a souvenir from a previous century in a favorite antique shop.
	www.musicetc.us /Pragueuniqueness.html (373 words)

	Prague Czech Republic - In Your Pocket (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Yes Prague is a capital city, bustling and asphalt covered but it also has many green spaces, home to numerous variations of flora, fauna and humanity.
		And there is much nature to be enjoyed in Prague – and the Czech Republic if your holiday allows for a jaunt out of the city – so we have listed a selection of activities, even for those less active among us, that Prague and her parks and river have to offer.
		Mozart’s love of Prague and Prague’s love of Mozart has never been more apparent as the city that welcomed his genius with open arms celebrates the 250th anniversary of his birth.
	www.inyourpocket.com /cr/prague/en (1093 words)

	Foreign Affairs - The Prague Spring: 20 Years Later - Milan Svec
		Comparison of 'perestroyka' with the Prague spring suggests that Gorbachev is both much more in charge and more cautious, even "seek(ing) most of the time to have it both ways".
		The 20th anniversary of the 1968 Soviet military intervention that cut short the promising reforms of the "Prague Spring" will be commemorated in an environment unforeseen by political observers then or even just a few years ago.
		The Prague Spring was a necessary outcome of Soviet policy in Eastern Europe under Gorbachev’s predecessors.
	www.foreignaffairs.org /19880601faessay7905/milan-svec/the-prague-spring-20-years-later.html?mode=print (672 words)

	Prague - Spring 1996
		The original intent was to preserve precious art objects from the Prague synagogues that were liquidated during the clearance of the Prague Ghetto at the beginning of the 20 th century.
		One of the must-sees in Prague is the Hradcany Castle.
		Prague Castle has been the seat of supreme temporal and spiritual power since the earliest days of the Czech State, as well as being an important cultural center.
	home.maine.rr.com /cmoreau/Prague.html (7513 words)

	Sara Schwans
		For one to understand the violence in her poems about Prague, one must know the history of Prague during the 1960’s.
		The poem begins in a Prague prison where the speaker tells of the time being winter and "those cold / globes of breath that shape / themselves into bodies." The winter in Prague, according to the speaker, is cold enough that one can see his breath, and he speaks of the breath taking bodily form.
		Prague Spring was strangled by the Russian intervention but it was never buried" (Woodman 3).
	www.bhsu.edu /artssciences/asfaculty/afuqua/english210/sara.htm (1549 words)

	Prague Information Service (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Consequently, the Prague Information Service is forced to restrict the opening hours of the Petrin View Tower and the Mirror Maze.
		Since its beginnings Prague has always played an important role in the history of the nation, the country and Europe...
		What´s On Cultural life in Prague is very rich - world-famous festivals, prestigious exhibitions, theater and film shows, concerts and other events are held here all year round.
	www.pis.cz /a/fgalerie/prague.html (291 words)

	Prague Czech Republic - Prague Spring 2005 - In Your Pocket
		From May 12 - June 4, the Prague Spring International Music Festival is a permanent showcase for outstanding performing artists, symphony orchestras and chamber music ensembles from all over the world.
		Though tradition is important, Prague Spring is one of the few classic music festivals in the world to show an interest in young performers.
		The Prague Spring Competition is held each year in various instrumental sections.
	www.inyourpocket.com /cr/prague/en/feature?id=55441 (273 words)

	Reform and Counterreform in the Bureaucratic Bloc (Prague Spring)
		This was the root of the “Prague Spring” and the adventurous liberalization attempted by the bureaucracy.
		Even if it was limited to the Prague University campus, the student demonstration concerned all the alienated aspects of Czech life, which was denounced as unacceptable in the course of the meeting.
		The first reflex of the people of Prague, however, was to defend not the Palace of the Republic, but the radio station, which was considered the symbol of their main conquest: truth of information against organized falsehood.
	www.bopsecrets.org /SI/12.Czech68.htm (3492 words)

	Prague Spring
		This movement became known as the Prague Spring.
		Prague Spring, "Socialism with a Human Face," as Dubchek ended censorship and instituted liberal economic reforms.
		Radio Prague's home page has a general description of the Prague Spring, and there are some amateur photos of the Warsaw Pact intervention on the www.
	novaonline.nvcc.edu /eli/evans/his135/Events/Czech68.htm (526 words)

	Prague Spring - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Prague Spring - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Prague Spring, movement to reform the Communist system in Czechoslovakia that took place between January and August 1968.
		The flowering of liberalism came to an end in August 1968, with the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Prague_Spring.html (115 words)

	Review: Prague Spring (March 7 - March 13, 1996)
		The original Prague Spring unfolded in 1968, when the Czechs' drift toward liberalization was crushed by an invasion of Soviet tanks.
		The Prazak Quartet (Prazak means "residents of Prague") is "one of the greatest quartets in the world," says Jean-Paul Bierny, president of the Arizona Friends of Chamber Music, the festival's sponsor.
		Joining the Prague musicians will be 10 American musicians, who come from all around the country and count cello, violin, viola, clarinet, bassoon, flute, French horn, oboe and piano among their instruments.
	www.tucsonweekly.com /tw/03-07-96/review2.htm (812 words)

	Prague Spring (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		That this was not achieved is indicated by the Wall around East Germany, periodic revolts in Poland, and spring 1968 in Prague.
		The Imre Nagy of the Czech 1968 Spring was Alexander Dubcek.
		He was a Slovak who had replaced Novotny when the increasingly irritable dictator insulted the Slovaks (whom many Czechs regarded as their cultural inferiors) after a visit to their national museum.
	mars.wnec.edu /~grempel/courses/world/lectures/praguespring.html (2493 words)

	Commonweal: Prague spring: Czechs encounter pluralism - Czech Catholicism
		Prague last spring resounded with the sounds of music and the tramp of tourists' feet.
		Among the groups holding forth in churches and salons for a one-hour concert (of which one might choose several of an evening, like a multi-course dinner), you could almost spy an occasional powdered wig among the violins.
		A palpable sense of liberation, prematurely released in the short-lived Spring of '68, finally prevailed in the "Velvet Revolution" of '89, and continues to animate Wenceslas Square.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1252/is_n14_v122/ai_17210229 (428 words)

	Travel, Culture, People of Prague: Prague Spring (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Visiting Prague is to visit one of the most historic and compelling cities in the world.
		Don't miss it, especially at night when the lights of Prague Castle glint off the river, and the tunes of street buskers float in the evening air.
		My Prague Springis an intimate, wry portrait of a country, and one family, grappling with radical change in one of the most beautiful cities in the world.
	www.e-int.com /prague (286 words)

	purevolume™ \| the prague spring
		the prague spring hasn't posted a blog yet.
		the prague spring hasn't posted any shows yet.
		All songs, lyrics and pictures © 2005 the prague spring.
	www.purevolume.com /thepraguespring (58 words)

	All Empires History Forum: August 21 - The End of the "Prague Spring" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In January 1969 the student Jan Palach burned himself in Prague in protest against the occupation and his funeral turned into the last public demonstration against the suppression of the “Prague Spring.”
		Actually, one would think that Czecoslovakian Spring was calling not for a restoration of capitalism but for the instauration of a democratic form of socialism.
		What the velvet revolution achieved was quite different: a purely burgueois country, something that wasn't in schedule in 1968 by any revolutionaries, neither in the east nor in the west.
	www.allempires.com /forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=5132&PN=1 (1168 words)

	Lace and Spring in Prague
		The Czechs possess a great respect for their folk arts and therefore, each town of some size has a museum in which the finest examples of handworked wood, glass, and fibers are preserved and exhibited.
		One subject was the self-immolation of a young student in the "Prague Spring" of about 20 years ago.
		A number of musicians and their instruments were worked in bobbin lace – the conductor as his podium, a duet, a trio, a string quartet, the pianist at a grand piano, plus many soloists.
	www.egausa.org /Articles/lace.htm (1824 words)

	The Plastic People of the Universe
		Prague officials felt Novotny had overreacted and replaced him with an experienced party leader who they believed would lead Czechoslovakia through necessary reforms without upsetting the Kremlin.
		The Beach Boys played an historic concert at Lucerna Hall in Prague in May of 1969 and dedicated their song "Breaking Away" to recently replaced Prague Spring reformer Dubcek who sat in the audience.
		In Prague Castle, Reed presented Havel with a copy of his latest album as Havel unfolded the incredible story of the Plastic People to an awed Lou Reed, explaining how influential the Velvet Underground and rock music had been in the Velvet Revolution.
	www.furious.com /perfect/pulnoc.html (4616 words)

	Remembering Prague Spring [Mackinac Center for Public Policy]
		This spring marks the 35th anniversary of one of the greatest — and most tragic — events in the history of the Cold War: the “Prague Spring” of 1968, in which democratic reforms emerging in the former Czechoslovakia were brutally crushed by Soviet occupation forces.
		Along their way, they distributed leaflets proclaiming they were sent “to come to the aid of the working class and all the people of Czechoslovakia to defend socialist gains.” Economic and political liberalization was cancelled and censorship was reintroduced.
		We should not let the 35th anniversary of Prague Spring pass without reflecting on its meaning, with gratitude for its contribution to the eventual liberation of half a continent.
	www.educationreport.org /article.aspx?ID=5198 (783 words)

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