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Topic: Prague uprising

	Prague Spring - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Prague Spring (Czech: Pražské jaro) was a period of political liberalization in Czechoslovakia starting January 5, 1968, and running until August 20 of that year when the Soviet Union and its Warsaw Pact allies (except for Romania) invaded the country.
		The events of the Prague Spring deepened the disillusion of many Western leftists with Leninist views, and contributed to the growth of Eurocommunist ideas in Western communist parties — leading to the eventual dissolution or break-up of many of these groups.
		A decade later, the Prague Spring lent its name to an analogous period of Chinese political liberalization known as the Beijing Spring.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Prague_Spring (1027 words)

	Prague Offensive - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		During the battle Prague was liberated, and the troops of Army Group Center that did not surrender after the capitulation of Germany were captured (~850,000).
		The assault crushed the last sizeable pocket of German resistance which did not comply with the unconditional surrender of German forces on May 8, and it relieved the Czech partisans fighting in the Prague Uprising started on May 5, 1945 who were aided briefly by the Russian Liberation Army (Vlasov).
		To honor the participants of the operation, the Soviet Union instituted the Medal for the Liberation of Prague.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Prague_Offensive (384 words)

	THINK MAGAZINE • A Condensed History of Prague
		After the defeat in the major uprising of the Bohemian Estates at the Battle of the White Mountain (1620) Prague lost the rest of its political privileges, landed property and the leading members of the intelligentsia, who were forced to emigrate to avoid the harsh re-introduction of Catholicism.
		The Prague bishopric was upgraded to an archbishopric and when the king was crowned the Holy Roman Emperor in 1355, Prague's status increased to the capital of the Holy Roman Empire.
		Prague became the capital of the country and the Prague Castle became the seat of the first president of Czechoslovakia, Tomá‰ Garrigue Masaryk.
	www.think.cz /history_prague.html (3884 words)

	Praha 2003 - 42nd International Session of the European Youth Parliament
		In 1230 Prague became a town during 13th century the Old Town and the Lesser Town were founded by colonization.
		In Prague in the Josephine era the most diverse influences came to bear, giving rise to favourable conditions for the advance of the Czech National Reawakening.
		The anti-fascist resistance of the people of Prague lasted more than six years, and, after the closure of the Czech universities on 17 November 1939 (International Student's Day) and the assassination of the "Reichsprotektor" R. Heydrich (27 May 1942), reached its culmination in the Prague Uprising (5-9 May 1945).
	www.eyp.cz /praha/index.php?name=prague_hst (667 words)

	Studentske.sk - študentské stránky
		Prague is the capital city of the Czech Republic, the seat of the President, government and parliament and the political, cultural and economic center of the country.
		After the Prague Uprising against the fascists the town was liberated by the Russian on 9th May. The August occupation of Prague in 1968 stopped the democratic reforms in the country and began hte process of normalisation.
		Prague became the capital city of the Czech Republic.
	www.studentske.sk /text?sk=../anglictina/Prague.htm (601 words)

	Living Prague - Czech History (concise)
		The village of Lidice 9 km west of Prague is annihilated as is the village of Lezáky, 100km east of Prague.
		The forcible suppression of the Prague Spring movement is followed by the period of "Normalisation" under the Communist Party Chairman Gustav Husák.
		September 25th sees running street battles in Prague at the meeting of the IMF and World Bank but, despite the violence and damage, most agree that the demonstrations were not as bad as had been feared.
	www.livingprague.com /history.htm (1885 words)

	Prague Communist Walking Tour
		On the Prague Communist Walking Tour we visit the key places where the dramatic events of the 20th century unfolded and hear some fascinating accounts of the communist era, discovering along the way the rather tragic history of the Czechoslovakian state.
		One of the most important areas in the revolutions and invasions of Prague was Wenceslas Square.
		Onto 1950 and the political executions, and inevitably to 1968 - the year of the Prague spring uprising and the subsequent Russian invasion.
	www.pragueexperience.com /places.asp?PlaceID=1135 (318 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Europe \| Czechs commemorate Prague revolt
		The centrepiece of the commemorations was a partial re-enactment of the battle for Czech Radio, where the call to arms was broadcast on 5 May 1945.
		The Prague Uprising finally came to an end with the arrival of the Red Army on the morning of 9 May.
		Prague was the last European capital to be liberated after six years of terror at the hands of the Nazis.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/europe/4517943.stm (270 words)

	The truth behind the Red Army’s liberation of Prague: the real hero was a pro-Nazi turncoat - [Sunday Herald] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In the run-up to the 60th anniversary celebrations of the liberation of Prague from Nazi occupation, the Czech government is facing the daunting task of explaining that, actually, Prague was not freed by the Red Army, as history books authoritatively assert, but by a forgotten army of Russian quislings.
		Prague was liberated by General Andrei Andreyevich Vlasov’s forces of former Soviet POWs who had switched to the German side with the avowed intent of “liberating Russia from the Bolsheviks”.
		For the American top brass, Prague was without geopolitical significance, and so Prague, like the rest of the neighbouring capitals, was set to fall into Stalin’s hands and with them the whole of Central Europe.
	www.sundayherald.com /46234 (737 words)

	Prague : In Depth : Czech Tradition of Defenestration \| Frommers.com
		About 600 years before Prague's popular uprising brought down Communism, the Czech people began a long tradition of what might be considered a unique form of political protest.
		In 1402, Jan Hus, a lecturer from Prague University, became the leading voice in a growing condemnation of the Catholic Church.
		Though Prague's 1989 overthrow of the totalitarian Communist regime gained the name the Velvet Revolution for its nonviolent nature, scattered calls for another defenestration (some serious, some joking) were heard.
	www.frommers.com /destinations/prague/0063027111.html (480 words)

	Prague Czech Republic - Prague Uprising 1945 - In Your Pocket (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The oft-repeated story that Prague came out of the war unscathed is not true (not even mentioning the 152 tons of bombs accidentally dropped onto the city by American Air Force planes, mistaking Prague for Dresden).
		But the largest cost of the Prague Uprising was human; over 3000 people died liberating the city, of which 79 in the Czech Radio building.
		To commemorate the 60th anniversary of the Prague Uprising, the street battles around the Czech Radio building will be reenacted; complete with 60 actors, historical uniforms, tanks, weapons and barricades along Vinohradska and Balbinova (J-5).
	www.inyourpocket.com /cr/prague/en/feature?id=55700 (442 words)

	Prague June Uprising (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The June uprising in Prague from June 12 to 17, 1848, also called the Pentecostal uprising, was one of the most involved uprisings caused by popular rage in the year of the storm.
		Together with this uprising the 1848/49 revolution reached its culmination point in the Bohemian lands, but with its defeat--and it was the first of an urban popular movement after March--began the buildup of the counter-revolution in the Hapsburg Monarchy.
		Irrespective of the uprising, railway traffic was normal and the wagons with corpses were able to pass the town gates guarded by soldiers and the national guard.
	www.ohiou.edu /~Chastain/ip/pragupr.htm (803 words)

	Cosmos Tourama : Prague Holidays & Holidays in Prague
		Prague is a city with a glorious skyline of gleaming spires and historic monuments, that hardly appears to have altered in hundreds of years.
		The Prague uprising, "liberation" of Prague by the Soviet army.
		It's hard to escape Dvorák in Prague, he is one of the cities most celebrated sons (actually born in Nelahozeves in 1841 though died in Prague, 1 May 1904).
	www.cosmostourama.co.uk /prague_holidays.php (1221 words)

	Bohemia Weddings - Civil Ceremonies
		After King John of Luxembourg accorded the citizens of Prague the privilege of having their own district council in 1338, they decided to build a Town Hall, paid for by a duty levied on wine.
		During the 2nd WW, the building was severely damaged when the nazis suppressed the Prague uprising, but it is now thoroughly restored.
		In 1662 the property was bought by the Old Town of Prague, and 220 years later, the chateau became a favourite summer residence of Prague Mayors.
	www.bohemiaweddings.com /services/civil-ceremonies.phtml (1110 words)

	Vasek Polak 1914-1997, Successful Businessman and Benefactor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Polak was wounded in the Prague uprising on May 5, 1945, when a bullet struck him in the shoulder and then penetrated his lung as he attempted to save the life of a wounded friend.
		As a result of the Prague Spring uprising in 1968, his wife and then grown son and daughter came to the United States.
		He was traveling from Prague where he was exploring the idea of establishing a breast diagnostic center in his native Czech Republic.
	www.torrancememorial.org /vp_benefactor.htm (1018 words)

	Prague History - Czech Republic
		Vitus Cathedral rotunda in the Prague Castle grounds.
		Prague becomes the capital of the new state.
		1945: The Prague uprising, "liberation" of Prague by the Soviet army.
	www.pragueexperience.com /information/history.asp (402 words)

	Prague (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Rudolph II becomes the king of Bohemia, and Prague the emperors residence, centre of social and culture life
		The Prague uprising, liberation of Prague by Soviet Union army
		Prague Spring- an attempt to reform socialism, intervation of 5 states of the Warsaw Pact
	www.cloister-inn.com /UNITAS/PraguesHistory.htm (282 words)

	Sazka, a.s. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Prague is the capital of the Czech Republic, and also the country's largest and most important city.
		The 'Prague Spring' of 1968 was an attempt at a partial return to democracy and the creation of so-called 'Socialism with a human face', in other words the reform of the Communist Party and the attenuation of its totalitarian power.
		The town bloomed again, and the free spirit in the air was not to be dampened by the disintegration of the Czechoslovak federation and the emergence of the independent Czech Republic on 1 January 1993.
	www.sazka.cz /en/about_us/about_prague.html (2737 words)

	Il Cardinale Restaurant (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Prague becomes one of the most prosperous cities in Europe and the cultural capital of Central Europe.
		Prague becomes the center of science and alchemy and earns the nickname "Magic Prague".
		Prague becomes the capital of the Czech Republic.
	www.ilcardinale.com /inglese/citta.htm (799 words)

	NRZ: June 18, 1848
		Troops were massed and a sudden attack on the Slavic Congress [15] and the Czechs was being prepared.
		However the uprising may end, a war of attrition between the Germans and Czechs is now the only possible outcome.
		In the great struggle between Western and Eastern Europe, which may begin very soon, perhaps in a few weeks, the Czechs are placed by an unhappy fate on the side of the Russians, the side of despotism opposed to the revolution.
	www.marxists.org /archive/marx/works/1848/06/18.htm (713 words)

	GoPrague.org : History of Prague (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Prague bishopric upgraded to archbishopric, beginning of St. Vitus, St. Wenceslas and St. Adalbert Cathedral (finished 1929)
		Rudolf II becomes the king of Bohemia, and Prague the emperor's residence, centre of social and cultural life
		Prague Spring - an attempt to reform socialism, intervention of 5 states of the Warsaw Pact
	www.goprague.org /basic_prague_info.htm (328 words)

	Graduate Design Studio - Praha Hotel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Prague also has a special poignancy, arising from the contrast between its calm beauty and the turbulence of its past.
		Prague owed its rise to become a major center of international trade to the existence of a bridge over the VItava.
		Prague's best known visual emblem, the 18 spired Gothic church of Tyn was begun under Charles IV in 1365.
	www.njit.edu /v2/njIT/Schools/SOA/faculty/Zdepski/gstudio.htm (4923 words)

	May 5th marks the 59th anniversary of the Prague Uprising - 05-05-2004 - Radio Prague
		May 5th is the 59th anniversary of the Prague Uprising that saw Czechs engage their German occupiers in deadly battle, in an attempt to take back their city during the final days of the Second World War.
		At 12:33 on May 5th Prague radio called on all Czechs to take up arms in the organised resistance: it was the beginning of five days of fierce fighting that would see thousands lose their lives.
		And these three came to Prague and saw what was going on in the Prague district of Smichov.
	www.radio.cz /en/article/53543 (804 words)

	Prague history - founding of Prague to the present
		The history of Prague from its fouding in the 9th century to the present.
		- The Prague bishopric is upgraded to an archbishopric.
		Prague: A Cultural and Literary History (Cities of the Imagination)
	www.myczechrepublic.com /prague/history/prague_history.html (780 words)

	58th anniversary of the Prague Uprising commemorated - 05-05-2003 - Radio Prague
		With this the Prague Uprising began, and for five days Czechs took up arms against the German troops until the Red Army arrived in the Czech capital on May 9.
		The uprising was organised by the Czech resistance, and around thirty thousand people joined it in the Czech capital.
		The Prague Uprising soon became a fight for the radio station itself, and one of the toughest battles of those days took place here.
	www.radio.cz /en/article/40356 (695 words)

	NRZ: June 25, 1848
		The uprising was so decidedly democratic that the counts Thun, instead of heading it, immediately withdrew from it, and were detained by the people as Austrian hostages.
		The military regarded the storming of Prague simply as a prelude to the storming and burning down of Vienna.
		At the peril of their lives they drove into the city from the last station before Prague by cart, and at the peril of their lives they passed through the lines of soldiers to the castle of Prague.
	www.marxists.org /archive/marx/works/1848/06/25b.htm (706 words)

	Telegraph \| News \| Czech army ends national call-up
		The Czech army, which was responsible for crushing the Prague Spring uprising of 1968, is to end conscription after 140 years.
		The last contingent of drafted soldiers left its barracks in Prague's Castle district yesterday, opening the way for a fully-professional, Nato-style force.
		Military chiefs have been planning the transition for years, encouraged by the country's admission to Nato in 1999 and also in response to the charge that conscription is a relic of the Cold War, which produces poorly-trained and ill-equipped troops.
	news.telegraph.co.uk /news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2004/12/23/wczech23.xml (290 words)

	orloj astronomical clock - prague - orologgio astronomico - praga
		The Orloj, also known as The Prague Astronomical Clock is one of the oldest European clocks of its kind (the first ever originated in Padua in 1344 and a second in Strasbourg in 1354) and continues to hold its exceptional position.
		In 1945 the whole structure - tower, mechanism - was damaged during the final phases of WWII and the Prague uprising.
		He was the rector of the school at St. Nicholas in the Small Town in Prague from 1406, later he was a teacher of mathematics in Wien, where he studied on the Faculty of Medicine.
	www.orloj.com (2570 words)

	Kind Heart, Fast Cars, Vasek Polak (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Born in Prague, Czechoslovakia, he was a member of the Czech antifascist underground during World War II.
		Also, as the occupying Germans were fleeing Prague, Polak and other freedom fighters are credited with deactivating dynamite charges that were placed by the Germans to destroy the famous Charles Bridge.
		As a result of the Prague Spring in 1968, his wife and then grown son and daughter came to the United States.
	www.torrancememorial.org /vasekpolak.htm (1152 words)

	Travel guide - History of Prague. E-travel.cz - accommodation in hotels and apartments in Prague and the Czech Republic.
		carried out the reconstruction of Prague in High Gothic style, adding new, expensive buildings such as the Castle, at Vysehrad and in the town.He founded the oldest university in Central Europe in Prague (1348) (now called Charles University), founded and built the New Town of Prague (1348) and adorned his
		Prague became one of the largest towns in Europe at that time (second only to Rome according to some sources).
		CZ - Prague - phone +420-224 990 990-7, fax +420-224 990 999, e-mail reservations@travel.cz or ICQ 267010033.
	www.travel.cz /prghist.asp (753 words)

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