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	Pramoedya Ananta Toer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Pramoedya was born on February 6, 1925, in the town of Blora in the heartland of Java, then a part of the Dutch East Indies.
		Pramoedya made their acquaintance when he himself was a political prisoner on the Buru island in the 1970s.
		Citra Manusia Indonesia dalam Karya Pramoedya Ananta Toer, by A.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pramoedya_Ananta_Toer (1525 words)

	The My Hero Project - Pramoedya Ananta Toer
		Pramoedya, Indonesian for "first in the fray," was born, the eldest child in his family, on February 6, 1925 in Blora, Java.
		Pramoedya also went to Radio Vakschool, where he was trained to be a Radio Operator, which he finished in entirety, however, due to Japanese occupation he never received the certificate.
		Although Pramoedya was never a member of the Communist Party, he was imprisoned for 15 years for several reasons: first because of his support for Sukarno, second because of his criticism of the pre-Suharto Army, especially it's 1959 decree stating that no Chinese merchants were allowed to conduct businesses in several rural areas.
	myhero.com /myhero/hero.asp?hero=pa_toer (1388 words)

	Pramoedya Ananta Toer, novelist of the colonial oppressed, dead at 81
		Pramoedya Ananta Toer is the chronicler of the experience of the Indonesian people under the rule of imperialism.
		Pramoedya was born in 1925 in East Java, the son of a principal at a nationalist school.
		Pramoedya’s girl experiences an especially severe betrayal, but the simplicity of its telling and the way in which the author contrasts its consequences with the more tranquil life in the village further emphasize the catastrophe of her loss.
	wsws.org /articles/2006/may2006/toer-m05.shtml (2614 words)

	Obituary: Pramoedya Ananta Toer, Indonesian novelist - Asia - Pacific - International Herald Tribune
		Pramoedya Ananta Toer, who chronicled Indonesia's battle for independence against the Dutch in a quartet of sharply drawn novels composed in prison, died Sunday at the family home here.
		Pramoedya, who was known by his first name, had been suffering from complications of diabetes and heart disease, and asked to leave the hospital Saturday, his daughter, Astuti Ananta, said.
		In all, Pramoedya, a small, slender man who was frail much of his life, wrote more than 30 works: novels, short stories, long articles, short nonfiction pieces and a memoir of his hellish years as a political prisoner on the arid Indonesian island of Buru.
	www.iht.com /articles/2006/05/01/asia/web.0501obit.php (832 words)

	Pramoedya Ananta Toer Dies - Military Photos
		Pramoedya is best known for his "Buru Quartet" series written during 14 years of political detention on Buru island in Maluku province under then president Suharto.
		While Pramoedya never openly declared his political allegiances, he was accused of being a communist by Suharto, who in 1965 banned the then powerful Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) after a failed coup attempt and launched a campaign against sympathisers that left at least 500,000 dead and saw over one million arbitrarily arrested and jailed.
		Pramoedya -- jailed under successive regimes, including 14 years under ex-dictator Suharto -- was nominated several times for a Nobel Prize in literature and his 34 books and essays have been translated into 37 languages.
	www.militaryphotos.net /forums/showthread.php?t=80602 (993 words)

	theCICAK » An obituary, Pramoedya Ananta Toer
		Pramoedya, in short was a giant among insects, a great and good man. I know the last sentence is over-used these days, but that is probably the only description that can do justice (and only a poor one at that) to such a remarkable life.
		Pramoedya was born on 6 February 1925 in the Indonesian town of Blora.
		2 Responses to “An obituary, Pramoedya Ananta Toer”
	www.thecicak.com /?p=106 (1150 words)

	Guardian \| Pramoedya Ananta Toer
		The level of Suharto's hatred of Pramoedya was demonstrated by the fact that he not only banned the quartet but that he also engineered the removal of the Australian diplomat, Max Lane, who had translated the first two parts into English.
		Pramoedya was born in Blora, central Java, the eldest son of a local headmaster and activist.
		Pramoedya, or Pram as he was more usually known, had just completed his education at the Radio Vocational school in Indonesia's second city, Surabaya, in 1942 when the Japanese invaded.
	www.guardian.co.uk /print/0,,329470283-103547,00.html (891 words)

	Pramoedya Anata Toer
		Pramoedya Anata Toer was born in the village of Blora, in East Java.
		Pramoedya's short story, 'Inem', written in the style of social realism, was a critique of the traditional institutions of child marriage.
		Pramoedya synthesized a wide variety of literary traditions, from the pioneers of the literature of Indonesian revolution (Chairil Anwar) to the Javanese storytelling, and from historical chronicles to various European and American writers.
	www.kirjasto.sci.fi /pram.htm (1590 words)

	Pramoedya Ananta Toer dies at 81
		PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER: [translated] The situation in East Timor today is the result of mistaken and idiotic policy on the part of the government.
		Pramoedya was born in Blora, central Java, the eldest son of a headmaster and activist.
		Pramoedya was jailed for a year in 1960 for writing a book defending the Chinese community against discrimination.
	www.etan.org /et2006/may/01/00artcle.htm (2975 words)

	Tales from Djakarta - Pramoedya Ananta Toer - Equinox Publishing
		As a writer, Pramoedya is committed to exposing the inner working of a human being in his social interaction.
		Pramoedya lashes out at servility and explores the basic facts of human existence: "How simple life is. It's as simple as this: you're hungry and you eat, you're full and you shit.
		With the observant eyes of a writer, Pramoedya captures different types of people in different situations but all of them share something in common: losing their "milk of human kindness", to borrow from Shakespeare's Macbeth, in the face of a tough life in the capital city.
	www.equinoxpublishing.com /tales/default.htm (1049 words)

	Obituary: Renowned Indonesian author Pramoedya Ananta Toer dies - Asia - Pacific - International Herald Tribune
		JAKARTA Indonesian author Pramoedya Ananta Toer, an outspoken democracy advocate who overcame imprisonment and censorship to publish dozens of stories and novels about his country, died Sunday.
		Pramoedya - jailed under successive regimes, including 14 years under ex-dictator Suharto - was nominated several times for a Nobel Prize in literature and his 34 books and essays have been translated into 37 languages.
		Pramoedya advocated the removal of bureaucrats and politicians "tainted" by Suharto-era abuses, but corruption remains rampant and some of the old dictator's cronies remain in office.
	www.iht.com /articles/2006/04/30/asia/web.0430toer.php (595 words)

	Penguin Reading Guides \| This Earth of Mankind \| Pramoedya Ananta Toer
		Pramoedya Ananta Toer wrote This Earth of Mankind while confined on the prison island of Buru, where prisoners did hard labor, clearing jungle with the crudest tools, and suffered starvation diets, beatings, and torture.
		Pramoedya Ananta Toer (whose name means "first in the fray") was born on the island of Java in 1925, the eldest child of a prominent headmaster.
		Pramoedya is the author of thirty works of fiction and nonfiction and has been translated into twenty languages.
	us.penguingroup.com /static/rguides/us/this_earth_of_mankind.html (1930 words)

	Pramoedya Ananta Toer : All That is Gone : The Girl from the Coast : Book Review
		A major literary force in Indonesia, Pramoedya Ananta Toer, often referred to simply as "Pram," is old enough to distinctly remember his country's struggles against oppression first at the hands of the Dutch and subsequently, the Japanese.
		Toer masterfully invokes the sense of bewilderment the girl feels when she first encounters things like mattresses, electric lights, and chocolate sprinkles for cereal.
		Toer evokes a sense of sharp pain at the story's conclusion, but leaves us with the idea that although she will never be free; the Girl From The Coast will eventually benefit from her nascent, yet fierce, independence.
	www.mostlyfiction.com /world/toer.htm (1579 words)

	ABC News: Famed Author Pramoedya Ananta Toer Dies
		Pramoedya was hospitalized Thursday in the intensive care unit of Jakarta's Catholic St. Carolus Hospital to receive treatment for heart trouble and diabetes, but was taken home Saturday at his family's request.
		Born in 1925 to a rice farmer during Dutch colonial rule, Pramoedya was an outspoken champion of democracy even in his last frail years.
		Pramoedya advocated the removal of bureaucrats and politicians "tainted" by Suharto-era abuses, but many of the old dictator's cronies remain in office.
	abcnews.go.com /Entertainment/wireStory?id=1906099 (371 words)

	1995 Ramon Magsaysay Awardee for Journalism, Literature, and the Creative Communication Arts - Pramoedya Ananta Toer
		Pramoedya was arrested in the immediate wake of the September coup attempt of 1965, which ushered in Indonesia's New Order.
		Pramoedya was released in 1979 to the custody of military authorities in Jakarta, where he has lived under "town arrest" ever since.
		In electing Pramoedya Ananta Toer to receive the 1995 Ramon Magsaysay Award for Journalism, Literature, and Creative Communication Arts, the board of trustees recognizes his illuminating with brilliant stories the historical awakening and modern experience of the Indonesian people.
	www.rmaf.org.ph /Awardees/Citation/CitationPramoedyaAna.htm (615 words)

	Culture Shock: Flashpoints: Literature: Pramoedya Ananta Toer's Buru Quartet
		III of the Buru Quartet, Pramoedya Ananta Toer, 1985, novel.
		As a boost to morale, Pramoedya recites the work in daily doses to his fellow inmates, and later, when he is allowed to write, the others shoulder his labor duties so he can put his words onto paper.
		Pramoedya is frequently mentioned as Asia's most likely candidate for the Nobel Prize, but the status of his works under the latest Indonesian government remains uncertain.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/cultureshock/flashpoints/literature/pramoedya_a.html (396 words)

	Internet Archive: Details: Pramoedya Ananta Toer interview
		Toer was forced to hide the letters from his captors, and they were never posted.
		Toer was 74 years old at the time of this interview.
		Pramoedya Ananta Toer was an Indonesian author of novels, short stories, essays, polemics, and histories of his homeland and its people.
	www.archive.org /details/Pramoedya_Ananta_Toer (250 words)

	Pramoedya Ananta Toer 1925-2006
		Indonesian author Pramoedya Toer, or Pram, may be a new name to some, and he is certainly overlooked outside Indonesia, where his novels mirrored the coming of age of Indonesia as an independent nation.
		Pramoedya, affectionately called Pak Pram, was born in Blora, Central Java, on Feb. 6, 1925, the son of a teacher and a rice seller.
		In public events, Pramoedya, whose father was an ardent nationalist, always reminded the younger generation that the most important event in Indonesian history was Sumpah Pemuda (Youth Oath) in 1928, the foundation of Indonesia from a divided, far-flung archipelago into one nation.
	www.gnn.tv /threads/15350/Pramoedya_Ananta_Toer_1925_2006 (975 words)

	Independent Online Edition > Obituaries
		The death of the writer Pramoedya Ananta Toer is an enormous loss to world literature.
		Toer, born in 1925 in Blora in central Java, was the country's most distinguished novelist and, significantly, published in the United States.
		Toer was writing about the past, but much of what he wrote resonated with the present.
	news.independent.co.uk /people/obituaries/article361344.ece (1381 words)

	Interview with Pramoedya Anata Toer
		PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER: [translated] When we fought the revolution of independence, we had always hoped for a free democratic and modern Indonesian society, but it seems, as time goes on, it becomes less free, less democratic, and not at all modern.
		PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER: [translated] I see my departure from Indonesia and my arrival in the United States as a victory over the fascistic authorities that control the Indonesian government, and though I might be in the heart of capitalism in the home of the multinational, I'm a free man, and I do feel free here.
		PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER: [translated] The only way I figure it, it can be that the weapons are supplied, number one, to help the U.S. multinational corporations, and also, two, to keep the Indonesian people in place so that they can pay low wages.
	www.democracynow.org /toer.shtml (3731 words)

	The Herald (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Pramoedya, jailed by the former dictator, Suharto, for 14 years for his perceived links with communism, was nominated several times for a Nobel Prize in literature.
		Pramoedya was first jailed in 1947 by Dutch troops for being "anti-colonialist".
		Pramoedya's left-leaning, outspoken style earned him enemies within Suharto's regime and truckloads of soldiers came to his house and burned his manuscripts.
	www.theherald.co.uk /features/61155.html (655 words)

	Pramoedya Ananta Toer Interview \| The Progressive
		Pramoedya Ananta Toer is the preeminent novelist of Indonesia and is frequently mentioned as a candidate for a Nobel Prize.
		Pramoedya: The spirit is anti-colonial because I was socialized from childhood to be anti-colonial.
		Pramoedya: Every award for me is important because it means a slap against militarism and fascism in Indonesia.
	www.progressive.org /mag_intv1099 (2566 words)

	Salon.com Books \| "The Girl From the Coast," by Pramoedya Ananta Toer
		Pramoedya Ananta Toer is generally regarded as the greatest living Indonesian novelist, a fact I certainly did not know before reading the publicity material for his new book.
		Pramoedya's prose (as rendered here by translator Willem Samuels) is generally straightforward and unadorned, but in these early scenes he proves adept at layering light comedy atop the story's more ominous undertones.
		Pramoedya's Bendoro is not a monster, just an aloof, scholarly and occasionally affectionate man taking advantage of his station in life.
	archive.salon.com /books/review/2002/08/01/toer/index.html (931 words)

	Amazon.fr : The Fugitive: Livres en anglais: Pramoedya Ananta Toer,Willem Samuels (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Indonesian novelist Toer has been a political prisoner in his native land for much of his writing life: All the novels by this winner of the 1988 PEN Freedom Award, including this, his first, have been banned by the Indonesian government.
		Written in 1947 while Toer was imprisoned in a forced labor camp, this is the powerfully told story of Raden Hardo, betrayed by a fellow officer while leading a revolt against the Japanese army.
		Toer's tough, unsentimental style forcefully expresses his view of art as an instrument for political protest and change.
	www.amazon.fr /Fugitive-Pramoedya-Ananta-Toer/dp/0140296522 (514 words)

	Salon Books \| Mute no more (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		On an October night in 1965, soldiers took acclaimed Indonesian novelist Pramoedya Ananta Toer from his home, bound his hands behind his back, tied a noose around his neck and threw him into the back of a truck.
		Published after Pramoedya's release from Buru in 1979, they were banned as Marxist, their editor jailed and the Australian diplomat who translated them into English thrown out of the country.
		I spoke to Pramoedya in Berkeley, Calif., just after he came back from UCSF Medical Center, where he was fitted with hearing aids; his hearing was suddenly better than it had been since 1965.
	www.salon.com /books/feature/1999/06/04/pramoedya (866 words)

	Photo Essay Pramoedya Ananta Toer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Pramoedya Ananta Toer is Indonesia's most famous literary man and is a former political prisoner.
		Rumored for years to be nominated for a Nobel prize for literature, he is the author of such classics as The Mute's Soliloquy and Buru Quartet, created in a penal colony on Buru island.
		But Pramoedya, a political prisoner denied paper and pen, couldn't write it down until his 1979 release from more than a decade in jail.
	www.viiphoto.com /detail-story3.php?news_id=482 (73 words)

	ZNet Commentary: Pramoedya Ananta Toer
		Pramoedya Ananta Toer, the most important Southeast Asian novelist and prominent Indonesian dissident, died in Jakarta in the morning of April 30.
		Pram's (Pram is how he is known and called in his country) Indonesia died more than four decades ago, crushed by the military boot of Suharto's regime, disintegrated under weight of savage, merciless and corrupt capitalist system, squashed by irrational religious zeal.
		"When Pramoedya Ananta Toer goes, the last bridge between Indonesian culture and the rest of the world will collapse", said Dan Simon, editor of the Seven Stories Press in New York, after watching my documentary film "Terlena - Breaking of a Nation", in which Pram plays the role of the main narrator.
	www.zmag.org /sustainers/content/2006-04/30vltchek.cfm (838 words)

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