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Topic: Praxinoscope

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	EarlyCinema.com
		The combination of moving picture 'toys' and vaudeville exhibition devices such as the magic lantern was inevitable and one of the first successful attempts at such a marriage came in the form of the Praxinoscope.
		In essence the Praxinoscope was an adaptation of Horner’s Zoetrope which at the time had become extremely popular.
		Using a drum design which revolved, as with the Zoetrope, the images were viewed reflected in a prism of mirrors which rose from the centre of the drum.
	www.earlycinema.com /technology/praxinoscope.html (310 words)

	Praxinoscope - Picture - MSN Encarta
		The Praxinoscope was the invention of Charles Émile Reynaud in 1877.
		It was a descendant of the zoetrope and was the first movie machine that could project successive images onto a screen.
		This photograph, taken in 1887, shows the Praxinoscope with a strip of film that was used to project “moving” images.
	encarta.msn.com /media_461532603/Praxinoscope.html (52 words)

	Praxinoscope, Top View
		The praxinoscope, invented in 1877 by the Frenchman Charles Reynaud, was the first device to overcome the picture distortion caused by viewing through moving slots.
		He called this the "Theatre Optique." A standard praxinoscope, like the one above, can only accomodate a second or two of animation because of the limited number of pictures it contains.
		Reynaud's "Theatre Optique" used a long roll of paper to increase the number of pictures, and was therefore able to create a much longer show for an audience.
	courses.ncssm.edu /gallery/collections/toys/html/exhibit11.htm (203 words)

	Babcock - Flandrau Project 3 Proposal
		I propose to re-create a victorian pre-cinema optical device, the Praxinoscope, and compare and contrast its optical animation effects with those of a CRT monitor running a flash animation.
		The praxinoscope theater is significant in that it was the last purely optical effect device before the projected multiple images that became cinema.
		I believe that there is a level of wonder and magic inherit in the display of an image, through the use of mirrors and glass, that the cinema image does not have.
	web.cfa.arizona.edu /art436a/archive/BabFProject.html (819 words)

	praxinoscope - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Both the zoetrope and phenakistiscope provided the break in the images by the fl space between adjacent slits in the disc or drum.
		The Praxinoscope was an animation device, the successor to the zoetrope.
		E mile Reynaud, inventor, artist and showman, devised the important Praxinoscope optical toy, and was...
	uk.encarta.msn.com /praxinoscope.html (159 words)

	You need science to create a cartoon \| csmonitor.com
		The praxinoscope (pronounced praks-EN-o-scope) is an optical device that was invented in France in 1877.It resembles a Lazy Susan that's been covered with small mirrors on the outside.
		The faster the praxinoscope is spun, the more "seamless" or smooth the image reflected in it appears to the viewer.
		In 1889, the praxinoscope was replaced by the photographic film projector, a machine that's still used today in many movie theaters.
	www.csmonitor.com /2007/0313/p18s02-hfks.htm (857 words)

	Miniature_Praxinoscope
		The drum is 12.5 cm or 5" in diameter, overall height 13 cm or 5 1/8".
		The Praxinoscope was an animation device that was a distinct improvement on the then prevalently available zoetrope.
		However the Praxinoscope fundamentally differed from the zoetrope by replacing its narrow viewing slits with an inner circle of mirrors, placed so that the reflections of the pictures appeared more or less stationary in position as the wheel turned.
	www.antiquetoysandgames.com /miniature_praxinoscope.htm (179 words)

	Adventures in CyberSound: Reynaud, Charles-Émile (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Charles-Émile Reynaud, a French inventor achieved importance in the sphere of cinema prehistory for his Praxinoscope, an improvement of the Zoetrope, and especially its development* for use in his Théâtre Optique (optical show), which he presented from 1892 at the Musée Grévin in Paris.
		The Projection Praxinoscope had however one defect, the spools of film had to be manually rotated by a skilled operator and often Reynaud had to be his own projectionist.
		With the introduction of the cinematograph by the Lumiere Brothers, the public interest decreased and in 1900 Reynaud was forced to close his theatre.
	www.acmi.net.au /AIC/REYNAUD_BIO.html (734 words)

	Hola Mola Mola - Praxinoscope
		The praxinoscope was an animation device, the successor to the zoetrope.
		The praxinoscope improved on the zoetrope by replacing its narrow viewing slits with an inner circle of mirrors, placed so that the reflections of the pictures appeared more or less stationary in position as the wheel turned.
		All we had was some articles from the books on the history of cinema and some pictures found from internet, and none of them provided us practical information such as how to determine diameters of inner mirror house and outer drum etc...
	soramimi-works.net /mola/praxi.shtml (483 words)

	Praxinoscope_Theatre
		A superb Praxinoscope Theatre in its original mahogany box complete with all scenery and strips of animation including the rare second series which is rarely found as it was sold separately.
		The best toy theatre, animation, optical toy invented in the nineteenth century, The Praxinoscope was an animation device that was a distinct improvement on the then prevalently available zoetrope.
		The Theatre had the added attraction of showing the figures animated within a scene which was reflected in a framed proscenium.
	www.antiquetoysandgames.com /praxinoscope_theatre-a.htm (191 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The praxinoscope was an animation device, the successor to the zoetrope.
		The praxinoscope improved on the zoetrope by replacing its narrow viewing slits with an inner circle of mirrors, placed so that the reflections of the pictures appeared more or less stationary in position as the wheel turned.
		This allowed him to show hand-drawn animated cartoons to larger audiences, but it was soon eclipsed in popularity by the photographic film projector of the LumiÃ¨re brothers.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=praxinoscope (194 words)

	BAA @ PlayOrbit - students
		This is an attempt to explore the potential of the praxinoscope and to investigate the principle of persistence of vision related to colour as well as movement.
		During the time spent on the project we became increasingly interested in the relationship of the images seen in the mirrors to the effect of the strip itself as it became a fast-moving blur at the edges of the drum, and these investigations were a new development.
		Consequently, the nine strips now made for use with the praxinoscope are a selection from the various experiments made.
	www.baacorsham.co.uk /SFsubweb/PlayOrbitStudents.htm (303 words)

	Magic lanterns - Discs and drums
		From the 1830s onward, optical toys - such as the phenakistoscope, the zoëtrope and the praxinoscope - were designed to demonstrate or exploit the physical phenomenon of "persistence of vision." John Paris used his thaumatrope as early as 1824 to demonstrate this effect to the Royal College of Physicians.
		The mirror surfaces were equidistant between the axis and the picture strip so that they reflected each picture for a brief moment as the toy revolved, giving a bright and clear impression of movement without flicker.
		The next development was the 'Praxinoscope à Projection', a projection praxinoscope for domestic use.
	www.luikerwaal.com /precinema_uk.htm (816 words)

	MOVING IMAGES WORKSHOP :: BY vICKY bETSOU (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Praxinoscope is based on the function of the zoetrope but instead of the small slots it had mirrors that reflected the sequential images.
		Emile Reynaud (1882) expands the Praxinoscope to a bigger and more complex construction he named Optical theater.
		In 1882 Reynaud developed the Optical Theater, an improved version of Praxinoscope, capable of projecting images on a screen from a longer roll of pictures.
	www.elearning-art.net /art-net_courses/Moving_Images_Workshop_(Eng)/1SHORTHISTORY/1Praxinoscope.htm (101 words)

	Discovernet: Australian Tales - Moving pictures
		These include the study of motion, the science of optics and lens making, the development of photography, the refinement of techniques for projecting images, developments in sound recording and the inventions of new materials like celluloid.
		Examples of machines which demonstrate the persistence of vision include the Phenakistiscope, the Zoetrope, the Kineograph, the Praxinoscope, the Zoöpraxiscope and the Thaumatrope.
		The Praxinoscope is an example of the type of moving-picture device developed around 1860.
	archive.amol.org.au /discovernet/tales/movies.asp (1056 words)

	Praxinoscopes
		The Praxinoscope, invented in 1877 by the Frenchman, Emile Reynaud (1844-1918), is a precursor of the moving picture.
		Here, a band of pictures, each slightly different from its neighbor, is placed inside a rotating drum, quite similar to the arrangement of pictures in the Zoetrope.
		In each of the eight examples some repetitive motion is followed, such as the clown in the bottom strip juggling three balls.
	physics.kenyon.edu /EarlyApparatus/Optical_Recreations/Praxinoscopes/Praxinoscopes.html (183 words)

	Magic lanterns - Discs and drums -part 2
		Praxinoscope Theatre, optical toy invented in 1877 by the Frenchman Emile Reynaud.
		The Zoetrope was a great toy showing the illusion of movement, but the loss of light was high as one could only see through the narrow slots on the drum.
		Emile Reynaud solved that problem with his Praxinoscope as the movement is shown via mirrors at the centre of the apparatus, a great improvement!
	www.luikerwaal.com /precinema2_uk.htm (513 words)

	Praxinoscope \| Single Item \| Thing of the Month
		This inspiring optical science kit allows budding animators to build a replica of the 100-year-old optical toy.
		The praxinoscope "plays" animated motion lit by the included LED light.
		Then, break out on your own to create your own animated images on the provided blank disks.Contains praxinoscope to assemble, light bulb, ready-to-view animation movie disc and a blank movie disc for your own creations.
	www.thingofthemonth.com /index.php/store/subscription/praxinoscope (83 words)

	fusetronsound
		"Praxinoscope is a new project which sees the duo Roberto Opalio (one-half of My Cat Is An Alien) and Ramona Ponzini (close collaborator of the Italian space-brothers).
		While in the debut album as Painting Petals On Planet Ghost (out in early September 2005 on Time-Lag Records) Ramona will focus on her Japanese vocals alongside both brothers acoustic tunes, here she plays little Japanese percussions and wind chimes, creating a resonant texture over Robertos alien wordless vocals and space electronics.
		This work is even more lyrical and ecstatic than the debut; here Robertos use of a mini-keyboard and astral effects collides with Ramonas hypnotic use of several handmade wood percussions and her Japanese wind chimes and bells, creating such an infinite and intimate space so that you cannot but loose yourself inside.
	www.fusetronsound.com /label.php?whomart=PRAXINOSCOPE (567 words)

	Animation :: Image Notes \| Eastmanhouse Education
		The Praxinoscope, patented in Paris in 1877 by Emile Reynaud, was an improvement on the Zoetrope.
		The structure was very similar to the zoetrope but a series of rectangular mirrors was placed in the center of the drum to reflect the images to the viewer.
		The Projecting Praxinoscope combined the magic lantern or projector with a device that relied on Persistence of Vision to create the Illusion of Motion.
	education.eastmanhouse.org /discover/kits/imageNotes.php?id=3 (3492 words)

	volcanic tongue \| underground music & ephemera
		Debut release from a brand new satellite launched from the My Cat Is An Alien mothership, Praxinoscope is the duo of MCIAA’s Roberto Opalio on vocals/sounds and Ramona Ponzini (renowned cineaste and Edwige Fenech authority) on “Japanese percussions”.
		Recorded live on July 27th 2005, this is a beautiful recording, with distressed pre-articulate vocals rising in spooks of tone ala Basil Kirchin’s autistic tape work or Sun City Girls at their most heavily channelled, while plinks of celestial percussion fall like shards of bloodied glass.
		Praxinoscope is the duo of MCIAA's Roberto Opalio on vocals/sounds and Ramona Ponzini (renowned cineaste and Edwige Fenech authority) on "Japanese percussions".
	www.volcanictongue.com /artist.php?art=Praxinoscope (356 words)

	ANTIQUUS: armillary sphere, compass, astrolabe, zoetrope, praxinoscope, phenakistiscope, kaleidoscope and other ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		These instruments constituted a step forward and a landmark in the history of mankind, and without them, many of the elements surrounding our daily life would be today unthinkable.
		Antiquus makes a retort of scientific devices like the sphere armillary, the compass, the astrolabe and of optical toys like the zootrope, the praxinoscope, the phenakistiscope, the taumatrope and the kaleidoscope.
		Their own essence is shown in the raw materials and designs made by antiquus, which first aim is to introduce these products into the market in order to keep them through old time and present.
	www.antiquus.es /index_en.php (140 words)

	The praxinoscope
		Both the zoetrope and phenakistiscope provided the break in the images by the fl space between adjacent slits in the disc or drum.
		However, this design was adapted by Emile Reynaud in Paris in 1877 to form the praxinoscope.
		With the drum now set into a wooden box, the lid of the box carried a hole through which the viewer saw a background scene that set the images on the cartoon strip in context.
	www.ex.ac.uk /bdc/young_bdc/animation/animation5.htm (319 words)

	PRAXINOSCOPE — The Widescreen Centre (Site not responding. Last check: )
		This scientific toy with animated images also relies in retinal persistence to make us believe we are seeing images in motion.
		The praxinoscope was patented by the Frenchman Emile Reynaud in 1877, who was looking to overcome the deficiencies of the zoetrope, the most popular at the time.
		His apparatus was the first to eliminate the distorted view of the images in movement caused by insufficient light passing through the small slots of the zoetrope.
	www.widescreen-centre.co.uk /Products/PRAXINOSCOPE.html (88 words)

	Discovernet: Australian Tales - Moving pictures
		These include the study of motion, the science of optics and lens making, the development of photography, the refinement of techniques for projecting images, developments in sound recording and the inventions of new materials like celluloid.
		When the head is rotated, coloured glass pieces move between mirrors, giving a continuously moving abstract image which can be viewed through the eyepiece on the left.
		The Praxinoscope is an example of the type of moving-picture device developed around 1860.
	amol.org.au /discovernet/tales/movies.asp (1056 words)

	Praxinoscope at AllExperts
		The Praxinoscope was an animation device, the successor to the zoetrope.
		This allowed him to show hand-drawn animated cartoons to larger audiences, but it was soon eclipsed in popularity by the photographic film projector of the LumiÃ¨re brothers.
		The word "praxinoscope" comes from Greek roots meaning "action viewer".
	en.allexperts.com /e/p/pr/praxinoscope.htm (250 words)

	S/T, by Praxinoscope (Robert Opalio/My Cat is an Alien) (LP, £12.75)
		S/T, by Praxinoscope (Robert Opalio/My Cat is an Alien) (LP)
		Give us your opinion on S/T by Praxinoscope (Robert Opalio/My Cat is an Alien).
		Check out what we've had to say in the past about Praxinoscope (Robert Opalio/My Cat is an Alien) in our weekly reviews.
	www.normanrecords.com /records/83027 (127 words)

	Les indépendants du 1er siècle - Biographie de Emile Reynaud
		He used an overhead projector to illustrate what he was saying in a clear and pleasant manner.
		In 1876, he finished his first invention, the "praxinoscope," which he licensed in 1877.
		The subjects, still on a cartoon strip of 12 frames, but set on a fl background, moved on a fixed stage.
	www.lips.org /bio_Reynaud_GB.asp (743 words)

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