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Topic: Precolumbian

	Precolumbian beads pendants, jade beads, carnelian beads, crystal beads, Tairona, Mayan, Mexican, South, North ...
		This is a preColumbian 5.9 gram spiral of rich gold worn as a finger ring by the Muisca people of Colombia 10th to 16th century.
		One could turn this into a pendant by inserting a bead into the top of the piece and then running a beading thread (a strong one which won't be torn by the edge of the gold) across the slits, going through the bead to stablize the piece as a pendant.
		This is a dark, richly coloured preColumbian necklace with stones carved by the Tairona Indians of Colombia.
	www.oldbeads.com /americas.html (12974 words)

	Sacred Cosmology, Precolumbian Mesoamerican Symbolism: Epigraph - Preliminary Note
		The volume itself, is presented as a contribution to the study of the Precolumbian tradition, as it deals with the cosmogony and theogony of the native peoples as revealed through their cultural symbols.
		No sooner had the author begun to conceive the notion of a work on Precolumbian symbolism, than he noticed that its perspective would scarcely be grasped without a preliminary exposition of certain ideas (symbol, myth, rite, traditional society, and so on)—that is, without the theoretical framework within which his work is comprised.
		Finally, the author wishes to go on record as believing in the activating capacity of symbols, in their transformatory virtue, just as he maintains that these symbols are present today, only waiting to be recalled to life.
	www.geocities.com /indoamerica/sacred00.htm (575 words)

	The Metropolitan Museum of Art - Works of Art: Arts of Africa, Oceania, and the Americas
		Strengths of the collection include decorative and ceremonial objects from the Court of Benin in Nigeria; sculpture from West and Central Africa; sculpture in wood from New Guinea and the island groups of Melanesia and Polynesia; and objects of gold, ceramic, and stone from the Precolumbian cultures of Mexico and Central and South America.
		While the earliest examples of Oceanic art—the rock paintings of the Australian Aboriginals—are thought to be over 40,000 years old, the majority of surviving works date from the eighteenth through the twentieth century.
		The Jan Mitchell Treasury for Precolumbian Works of Art in Gold, which opened in the South American Gallery in 1993, houses the most comprehensive display of American gold objects in the world.
	www.metmuseum.org /Works_of_Art/introduction.asp?dep=5 (816 words)

	RETANET \| Precolumbian Myths and Legends
		The students explore precolumbian cultures, mainly the Mayas and the Aztecs, including the conquest, through history lectures, information from various videos, guest speakers, myths and legends.
		Discuss the precolumbian cultures up to the Mayas leaving the Aztecs and the conquest for the second part of the unit.
		A written and oral test can be given after reading the myths of the creation and lecturing on the Olmecs, Toltecs, Teotihuacanos, the 3 periods of the Maya, and the reasons for the abandonment of their great cities.
	retanet.unm.edu /article.pl?sid=03/05/18/1910811 (2267 words)

	Precolumbian Art - eMuseumStore.com Art Reproductions
		Precolumbian Aztec Double-Headed Serpent Relief (15th century) now in the collection of the British Museum, London.
		Precolumbian Quetzalcoatl Head Wall Hanging, Pyramid of Quetzalcoaltl, Teotihuacan, Mexico.
		Precolumbian Aztec Moon Goddess Relief, Temple Mayor Museum, Mexico City.
	www.emuseumstore.com /category/134 (235 words)

	WFU \| Museum of Anthropology \| Recent Acquisition-Mexican Precolumbian Artifacts
		Hundreds of earthenware pots and other Precolumbian artifacts from ancient West Mexico are now part of the collections of Wake Forest University’s Museum of Anthropology.
		The objects, most dating from 300 B.C. to 400 A.D., were donated to the museum in May. The collection of 1,040 pieces includes 162 complete ceramic vessels, ceramic figurines, greenstone beads and necklaces, obsidian spear and arrow points, knives, and grinding stones.
		Precolumbian peoples of this region buried their dead in tomb chambers reached by a narrow vertical shaft.
	www.wfu.edu /moa/recentacquisition_mexican.html (451 words)

	ICONOMANIA - MODERN HIGHLAND MAYAN CEREMONIALISMAllen J. Christenson
		Of the numerous highland Maya hieroglyphic codices which once existed, not a single one is known to have survived these purges, prompting some scholars to question whether any significant remnants of Precolumbian art or ritual survived the first shock of conquest.
		Traditionalist Maya scribes and shamans actively sought to preserve the basic tenets of Precolumbian cosmology while grafting onto them those aspects of Christian worship which were consistent with their own indigenous world view.
		Such foliated crosses are common in highland Maya villages, and are traceable to similar verdant cross-shaped World Trees which are prevalent in Precolumbian Maya art, such as those depicted in the sanctuary panels of the Group of the Cross and the sarcophagus lid of Hanab Pakal at Palenque (Fig.
	www.humnet.ucla.edu /humnet/arthist/icono/christenson/maya.htm (3851 words)

	Mingei International Museum - PRECOLUMBIAN FLORA AND FAUNA - Mesoamerican Art. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The fleet-footed deer, a primary source of meat in Mesoamerica, was an animal metaphor for the hunter and warrior The fl, blood-sucking bat was symbolic for death and sacrifice.
		Precolumbian man used animals to understand and order natural phenomena.
		Lost to us today are the many Precolumbian artifacts originally created in ephemeral media, such as featherwork, wood, paper, and cloth.
	www.mingei.org /brprecol.html (800 words)

	Books: Precolumbian Odyssey
		Written by the late Pál Keleman, an art historian of Hungarian extraction, and his wife, Elizabeth, an opera singer by training, the journals chronicle the couple's extensive travels throughout the Americas, an odyssey that began with a visit to Harvard's Peabody Museum in the fall of 1932.
		At that time, only a few of the sites the Kelemens would visit had been excavated, much less opened to mass tourism, and literature on the subject of Precolumbian archaeology was all but nonexistent.
		Encouraged by the Peabody's Alfred Tozzer, a prominent Mesoamerian archaeologist, the Kelemens set out not only to document a broad array of Precolumbian material both in museum collections and in the field, but to comment on and interpret it as art historians.
	www.archaeology.org /0505/reviews/precolumbian.html (366 words)

	Biblio M-Z (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		1976 Methodological guidelines for the study of the decoration of the precolumbian ceramics of Martinique.
		Rotenberg, Charles S. 1974 Introducing the precolumbian cultures of the Virgin Islands to the present day inhabitants.
		1991 Precolumbian human skeletal remains from Curacao, Aruba and Bonaire.
	www.flmnh.ufl.edu /caribarch/bibliomz.htm (8296 words)

	MAXclips Precolumbian Clipart created by an archaeologist and anthropologist
		Dr. Tim McGuinness™, MAXclips™, Precolumbian Clipart™, Precolumbian Clipart Collection™, McGuinnessDesigns™ and McGuinnessDesigns.com™ are ALL Trademarks of Tim McGuinness.
		For the would be Archaeologist and anthropologist, and lovers of Precolumbian cultures comes the new MAXclips Precolumbian Clipart.
		MAXclips Precolumbian collection from McGuinnessDesigns is perfect for the student of: Archaeology, Anthropology, History, Ancient Civilizations and Cultures, including the: Aztec, Inca, Maya, Toltec, Totonac, Tenochtitlan.
	www.mcguinnessdesigns.com /maxclips/index.htm (321 words)

	PreColumbian Jewelry
		Where you can get exact reproductions of PreColumbian Jewelry pieces that have the same characteristics and finish achieved by the PreColumbian artists centuries ago.
		If you are interested in buying, or just browsing some of our pieces, then be sure to visit our products page where you can buy our jewelry in the comfort of your own home.
		The Cano Family has mastered the ancient "lost wax" process - the same one used by the native Indians in the reproduction of PreColumbian Jewelry for many generations.
	www.joyasprecolombinas.com (196 words)

	PRECOLUMBIAN ART AND ARCHAEOLOGY SCAVENGER HUNTS
		Find a current exhibit of Precolumbian Mesoamerican art, describe the focus of the exhibit and how it relates to this semester's course of study.
		Find a current exhibit of Precolumbian Central or South American art, describe the focus of the exhibit and how it relates to this semester's course of study.
		After reading the previous questions and answering them by using the resources available in the Learning Center/Library, there have undoubtedly been several items of art historical or anthropological interest that have caught your attention.
	infinity.cos.edu /art/strong/scav.html (526 words)

	XANTHOS ANTIQUITIES FINE ART PRECOLUMBIAN
		Antiquities in these pages are divided into thematic catalogues or collections and come solely from a large important private european collection of Precolumbian And other artifacts.
		The Precolumbian Collections (more than 2000 pieces) focuses especially on the human figure: from the so-called "Pretty lady of Tatlilco" from Mexico, through the Maya and Chorotegas of MesoAmerica, to the splendid Mochica portraits of Perù...There are also hundreds of painted vases, musical instruments, carved stones, jade and gold artifacts....a wealth of Art and History!
		The aim of the company is to promote the private collecting of objects normally intended for Museums and historical institutions, in compliance with international regulations governing the trade of relics of cultural importance.
	www.trocadero.com /xanthos (226 words)

	precolumbian peruvian pots pottery arrowheads (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Precolumbian Peruvian Pottery, South American artifacts, and North American Indian artifacts
		Over the next few weeks we will be adding a tremendous amount of extremely nice Precolumbian Peruvian and American Indian artifacts.
		We will be listing some very fine items from our own personal collections, and will be taking some select consignments from other highly respected artifact collectors.
	www.trocadero.com /llamamama (213 words)

	LostWorlds.org \| Georgia Precolumbian Native American History
		eorgia's precolumbian Native American Indians had been living in Georgia for at least 12,000 years when the first Europeans, Spanish and French, showed up in the 1500s.
		Over the course of this great expanse of time these Amerindians developed from simple hunter-gatherers chasing Georgia's megafauna (such as mammoths and giant ground sloths) into complex political societies with one of the world's most sophisticated agricultural systems ever developed that has since completely transformed the world's food supply.
		The Indian mounds, precolumbian pottery and artifacts all reveal civilizations more advanced than anything else in the United States.
	www.lostworlds.org /ga_before_columbus.html (312 words)

	Flickr: Photos tagged with precolumbian
		The goldwork created by the Precolumbian cultures that inhabit Colombia has become notable in...
		You can assign up to 70 tags to each photo.
		Feed – Subscribe to photos tagged with precolumbian
	www.flickr.com /photos/tags/precolumbian (106 words)

	Talaria Enterprises Precolumbian Art Wall Hangings, Kukulcan (Quetzalcoatl), Aztec Solar Calendar, snake serpent, ...
		Talaria Enterprises Precolumbian Art Wall Hangings, Kukulcan (Quetzalcoatl), Aztec Solar Calendar, snake serpent, Toltec Atlantean Warrior
		It drew the blood of the King and brought on the trance that opened the portal to Shivalva (the Maya underworld) and brought forth the Gods.
		Copyright © 1997-2006 Talaria Enterprises No part of this catalog may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission.
	www.talariaenterprises.com /product_lists/precolumbian.html (1130 words)

	Precolumbian - Maya Tablet of the Sun Art - eMuseumStore.com Art Reproductions
		Precolumbian - Maya Tablet of the Sun Art - eMuseumStore.com Art Reproductions
		Home > CULTURES / ERAS > Precolumbian > Maya Tablet of the Sun
		The Maya Tablet of the Sun is made from compound stone and measures 16"H x 20.5"W. Product Review:
	www.emuseumstore.com /product/134/134 (291 words)

	Precolumbian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
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		Antique Ancient 2000 Year Old Precolumbian Stone B...
		The preColumbian discovery of America by the North...
	www.buzznet.com /tags/precolumbian (53 words)

	PRECOLUMBIAN ART AND ARCHAEOLOGY PAGE
		You will find here pertinent information about Art 4/5 and Anthropology 4/5, including descriptions of the course content and links to important reference materials and visuals.
		Precolumbian art and anthropology is the subject of two semester courses at College of the Sequoias, Art 4/Anthro 4 and Art 5/Anthro 5: the first covers material from Mesoamerica (from the Olmec to the Aztec and Maya), the second material from Central America and South America (Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia).
		Both courses view art and anthropology as complementary and interlocking fields of inquiry that help us understand the peoples of the Precolumbian past, their religion, world view, subsistance patterns, and mode of thinking.
	infinity.cos.edu /art/strong/precol.html (214 words)

	Religious Movements in the United States (Miller)
		It was revealed to him, he said, that he would refound the true church (which had been lost through centuries of institutionalized, decadent Christianity) and publish newly found scriptures.
		The Book of Mormon, the central text, purports to present a history of precolumbian America populated by biblical peoples.
		The Mormons were controversial from their earliest days and soon were bitterly attacked, often violently, so much so that they were forced to move from New York state to Kirtland, Ohio, then to Independence and other places in Missouri, then to Nauvoo, Illinois, and finally (most of them) to Utah.
	religiousmovements.lib.virginia.edu /essays/miller2003.htm (5149 words)

	eBay Store - Past Presence - Precolumbian Reproductions: Handmade Ceramic Replicas, South American Masks, Pre-Columbian ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		GALERIA CANO 24K GOLD P PreColumbian Frog Earrings
		GALERIA CANO 24K GP PreColumbian Jade Bracelet COLOMBIA
		GALERIA CANO 24K GOLD PreColumbian Armadillo Earring 22
	stores.ebay.com /Past-Presence (331 words)

	Angular Chronology: The Precolumbian Dating of Ancient America - FARMS Review
		Angular Chronology: The Precolumbian Dating of Ancient America - FARMS Review
		Angular Chronology: The Precolumbian Dating of Ancient America
		Review of Angular Chronology: The Precolumbian Dating of Ancient America by Michael M. Hobby, June M. Hobby, and Troy J. Smith
	farms.byu.edu /display.php?table=review&id=209 (1409 words)

	Sacred Cosmology: Precolumbian Mesoamerican Symbolism
		The rediscovery of America five hundred years after the voyage of Admiral Columbus
		synthetic and fundamental work, which not only deals with the Precolumbian, its cosmogony and theogony, but constitutes an introduction to symbology, and sacred cosmology.
		Federico González offers us the opportunity to understand, in their essentials, the ancient American cultures, as well as the "primitive," archaic, and traditional cultures in general.
	www.geocities.com /indoamerica/sacrcosm.htm (144 words)

	ART 347L--Precolumbian Art and Art History Department--The University of Texas at Austin
		Also includes an Introduction to Maya Hieroglyphs, an exhaustive Mesoamerican bibliography, and original research articles, as well as links to many other Precolumbian websites.
		Includes an easy-to-navigate tour of an outstanding collection of Precolumbian art.
		This site provides an overview of Precolumbian codices and annotated links to other sites.
	www.utexas.edu /cofa/a_ah/dir/precol/resources.htm (604 words)

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