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Topic: Precipitation

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	Research Starters: Weather Watch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Precipitation in meteorology refers to all forms of liquid or solid water particles that form in the atmosphere and then fall to the earth's surface.
		Precipitation is produced whenever moist air rises sufficiently to produce saturation, condensation, and the growth of the precipitation particles.
		Because the annual distribution of precipitation depends on small-scale factors such as orographic variability as well as the vertical branches of the average global circulations (the general circulation), the geographic distribution of precipitation is not simple.
	teacher.scholastic.com /researchtools/researchstarters/weather/article6.htm (1070 words)

	Precipitation - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In meteorology, precipitation is rain, snow and other material falling from the sky.
		In chemistry, precipitation is the condensation of a solid from a solution during a chemical reaction.
		In geology, precipitation is the sum of runoff, infiltration, and evapotranspiration.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /precipitation.htm (134 words)

	MSN Encarta - Precipitation
		Precipitation, in physics and chemistry, process or phenomenon of formation of a second, visible phase or state of matter, within a first phase (see Phase Rule).
		If a solution becomes supersaturated in some component that is a solid at the temperature involved, that substance tends to nucleate and crystallize out, or precipitate spontaneously; it may settle as a sediment or may be separated from the liquid phase by the process of filtration or centrifugation.
		A precipitate of one solid phase may be also found within a second solid phase, as in the case of some metal alloys, where the precipitate results in a pronounced increase in hardness and tensile strength of the metal.
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?refid=761572814 (165 words)

	Climate of North Dakota (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Precipitation is any or all of the forms of water particles, whether liquid or solid, that fall from the atmosphere and reach the ground.
		Precipitation is usually light in North Dakota during winter because nearly all of the moisture-laden low pressure systems that result in large amounts of snow follow tracks well to the south of the state.
		Since air mass thunderstorms generally move from the southwest to the northeast, heavier precipitation is frequently found on the southwestern slopes or near the tops of rises because of the lifting and cooling of the air as it moves upslope.
	www.npwrc.usgs.gov /resource/othrdata/climate/precip.htm (3623 words)

	precipitation on Encyclopedia.com
		In a sol the particles are precipitated by coagulation.
		The term precipitation is also applied to the separation of particles of a solid or liquid suspended in a gas.
		Estimating the fate of precipitation from stream discharge: a case study in New Jersey.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/p1/precipit1.asp (511 words)

	Why causes precipitation (rain and snow)?
		Precipitation forms when cloud droplets (or ice particles) in clouds grow and combine to become so large that the updrafts in the clouds can no longer support them, and they fall to the ground.
		A cloudy day with no precipitation indicates that there is either not enough water vapor available to the cloud, or that the rising motion creating the cloud is not enough to cause precipitation (or both).
		All of the precipitation that falls originated as water vapor that was evaporated from the surface of the Earth.
	www.weatherquestions.com /What_causes_precipitation.htm (227 words)

	THE HORSE MAGAZINE
		He is perhaps the most influential sire of all, and while his influence on jumping horses has long been recognised, some of the most exciting dressage horses in the world today trace their ancestry to this great sire.
		She had eight foals, the second of which was the chestnut colt, Precipitation, born in 1933.
		Precipitation's sire, Hurry On, was coming to the end of his life, but in the 1920s he had sired three English Derby winners.
	www.horsemagazine.com /BREEDINGBARN/GREAT_STALLIONS/PRECIPITATION/precipitation.htm (561 words)

	4-49 Precipitation/Coagulation/Flocculation
		As a result of the success of metals precipitation in such applications, the technology is being considered and selected for use in remediating ground water containing heavy metals, including their radioactive isotopes.
		Precipitation of heavy metals as the metal hydroxides or sulfides has been practiced as the prime method of treatment for heavy metals in industrial wastewater for many years.
		Precipitation (combined with sedimentation, and/or flocculation and filtration) is becoming the most widely selected means for heavy metals removal from ground water in pump and treat operations.
	www.frtr.gov /matrix2/section4/4-50.html (1298 words)

	The Water Cycle: Precipitation, from USGS Water Science Basics
		Precipitation is water released from clouds in the form of rain, freezing rain, sleet, snow, or hail.
		Most of the condensed water in clouds does not fall as precipitation because their fall speed is not large enough to overcome updrafts which support the clouds.
		Precipitation does not fall in the same amounts throughout the world, in a country, or even in a city.
	ga.water.usgs.gov /edu/watercycleprecipitation.html (892 words)

	Precipitation: hail, rain, freezing rain, sleet and snow
		Precipitation: hail, rain, freezing rain, sleet and snow
		Precipitation occurs in a variety of forms; hail, rain, freezing rain, sleet or snow.
		The navigation menu (left) for this section is called "Precipitation" and the menu items are arranged in a recommended sequence, beginning with this introduction.
	ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu /(Gh)/guides/mtr/cld/prcp/home.rxml (191 words)

	Global Climate Change
		The effects of carbon dioxide (CO) on precipitation patterns are a result of the effects of CO on average air temperature.
		This may lead to declines in the amount of precipitation at lower latitudes and increases in the amount of precipitation at higher latitudes.
		Precipitation trends across the United States for the past 100 years can be seen in the figure above.
	www.cotf.edu /ete/modules/climate/GCcarbon3.html (332 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		55.9n 3.2w 134m precipitation in tenths of mm jan feb mar apr may jun jul aug sep oct nov dec djf mam jja son ann # yrs 176.
		37750 1941-1980 KEW 51.5n 0.3w 5m precipitation in tenths of mm jan feb mar apr may jun jul aug sep oct nov dec djf mam jja son ann # yrs 40.
		SWITZERLAND 46.8n 7.0e 489m precipitation in tenths of mm jan feb mar apr may jun jul aug sep oct nov dec djf mam jja son ann # yrs 20.
	tao.atmos.washington.edu /data_sets/wmssc/lt_mean_total_precip (7434 words)

	Global Climate Change
		Precipitation is the solid, liquid, or gaseous water that falls from the atmosphere to Earth's surface.
		However, the increase in precipitation predicted in these models is not as great as the increase predicted in the "business as usual" models.
		Scientists predict that most precipitation in the future will fall during a smaller number of storms that are heavier in intensity.
	www.cotf.edu /ete/modules/climate/GCremote4.html (571 words)

	Precipitation Encyclopedia Article, Description, History and Biography @ ArtisticNudity.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		All liquid or solid phase aqueous particles that originate in the atmosphere and fall to the earth's surface.
		As this is usually measured in a fixed rain gauge, small amounts of dew, frost, rime, etc., may be included in the total.
		For obvious reasons, precipitation is the preferred general term.
	artisticnudity.com /encyclopedia/Precipitation (361 words)

	A Comprehensive Heavy Precipitation Climatology for Middle Tennessee
		Climatologically, precipitation is somewhat uniform throughout the year, although the five-month period from June through October (summer into autumn) is considered the dry season, with only a third of the total annual rainfall occurring.
		The precipitation categories described in section 2 are depicted in sample histograms shown in Figures 4, 5, 6, and 7.
		The heaviest precipitation usually occurs near the 500 mb ridge, and on the cool side of the surface boundary, usually to the south or southwest of the meso-high center.
	www.srh.noaa.gov /bna/research/precip.htm (4113 words)

	About Grants Pass, Oregon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		East of the Cascades the differences are not as pronounced with slightly more precipitation in winter than in spring and fall, while only about 10 percent falls during the summer.
		On the western slopes of the Cascades there is again a marked increase in precipitation with elevation as annual averages range up to 75 inches.
		The annual average precipitation for the great plateau of the State is often less than eight inches.
	www.visitgrantspass.org /precipitation.html (313 words)

	Precipitation: transfer of water from the atmosphere back to earth
		There are several forms of precipitation, the most common of which for the United States is rain.
		A well developed extra-tropical cyclone could be responsible for the generation of any or all of these forms of precipitation.
		The high precipitation totals are located on the western side of the Cascade mountains, while the extremely low precipitation totals are on the eastern, or lee side of the mountain range.
	ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu /(Gh)/guides/mtr/hyd/prcp.rxml (284 words)

	EPA : Global Warming : Climate : Trends : Precipitation
		During the 20th century, precipitation increased by about 0.5-1 percent per decade over most middle and high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere's continents.
		Precipitation in the United States has increased by an average of 5-10 percent in the last century.
		At the beginning of the 20th century, only 9 percent of the nation experienced a storm each year in which more than two inches of precipitation fell in a 24-hour period.
	yosemite.epa.gov /oar/globalwarming.nsf/content/ClimateTrendsPrecipitation.html?OpenDocument (198 words)

	Precipitation Types
		Precipitation is nothing but cloud droplets falling to the ground.
		Most precipitation starts off as snow as the temperature at which the cloud exists is usually below freezing.
		The precipitation falls from the cloud as snow and does not melt at all while falling to the ground.
	www.angelfire.com /ny5/weather/precipitation.htm (645 words)

	United States Climate Mapping \| NRCS NCGC
		PRISM is not a static system of equations; rather, it is a coordinated set of rules, decisions, and calculations designed to mimic the decision-making process an expert climatologist would invoke when creating a climate map.
		PRISM was originally developed in 1991 for precipitation estimation, but more recently it has been generalized and successfully applied to other climate elements and derived variables, including temperature, snowfall, degree-days (heat units), and frost dates.
		An irony of climate measurement is that most observations are made in lower elevations where people live, while the greatest precipitation falls in higher elevations.
	www.ncgc.nrcs.usda.gov /products/datasets/climate (289 words)

	NCRS rwu4401 - Precipitation
		Observed daily precipitation data at each observation site across the North-central and Northeastern US over the period 1950-1993 were analyzed to determine the total number of these extreme events that occurred in each month over the 44-year period.
		As with the monthly average precipitation maps, a kriging interpolation scheme was used to generate the maps of extreme precipitation occurrence over the entire North-central and Northeastern US.
		The extreme precipitation maps should only be used to provide a broad, regional-scale indication of where extreme precipitation events tend to occur in each month.
	www.ncrs.fs.fed.us /4401/focus/climatology/precipitation (303 words)

	BBC - GCSE Bitesize - Geography \| Weather and climate \| Precipitation
		Well, yes, but rain is only one type of precipitation.
		Precipitation is any moisture that falls from the air to the ground and includes snow, sleet, hail, drizzle, fog and mist as well as rain.
		However, especially in Britain, the major form of precipitation is rain.
	www.bbc.co.uk /schools/gcsebitesize/geography/weather/1elementsofweatherrev2.shtml (299 words)

	Precipitation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Precipitation is the primary mechanism for transporting water from the atmosphere to the surface of the earth.
		A good example of the geographical variability of precipitation is shown here in a plot of average annual precipitation for the state of Washington.
		This distribution is a direct result of the topography of the land.
	www.cartage.org.lb /en/themes/Sciences/Earthscience/Geology/WaterCycles/Hydrologicwater/HydrologicCycleModule/Precipitation/Precipitation.htm (293 words)

	Geography 327-- Precipitation
		precipitation requires cooling of air to the dew point temperature, condensation on nuclei, coalescence of droplets to form rain drops, and a continuous source of vapour to sustain the process
		a trace of precipitation is a fraction of a mm, that is, not perceptible in a gauge
		precipitation on each component polygon is the product of the depth of precipitation measured at the gauge and the ratio of the area of the polygon (or portion in the basin) to the basin area
	uregina.ca /~sauchyn/geog327/precip.html (2385 words)

	Precipitation (meteorology) - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Inevitably cooling will result, and water vapour will condense out of the air to form droplets, and eventually clouds, if there is enough vapour.
		Frontal rainfall occurs when a warm front meets a cold front.
		The warm air, being lighter, will be forced over the cold air.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Precipitation_(meteorology) (376 words)

	Clouds and Precipitation: online meteorology guide
		A cloud is a visible aggregate of tiny water droplets and/or ice crystals suspended in the atmosphere and can exist in a variety of shapes and sizes.
		The purpose of this module is to introduce a number of cloud classifications, different types of precipitation, and the mechanisms responsible for producing them.
		The navigation menu (left) for this module is called "Clouds, Precipitation" and the menu items are arranged in a recommended sequence, beginning with this introduction.
	ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu /(Gh)/guides/mtr/cld/home.rxml (186 words)

	Precipitation
		When this happens they fall to the ground as precipitation.
		There are a number of different types of precipitation including hail, dew, frost and fog.
		The two main types, however, are rain and snow and these form the biggest inputs in the water cycle.
	www.rcn27.dial.pipex.com /cloudsrus/precipitation.html (92 words)

	EO Observation Deck: Precipitation Dataset View (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Researchers estimate precipitation across the entire globe by considering many different kinds of input data.
		Second, the mix of available data is constantly changing in space and time, forcing researchers to cope with the particular reliabilities and biases at each time/space grid box.
		The precipitation data set displayed in this loop is computed in the NASA/GSFC Laboratory for Atmospheres as a contribution to the GPCP, an international research project of the World Meteorological Organization's Global Energy and Water Exchange program.
	earthobservatory.nasa.gov /Observatory/Datasets/rainfall.gpcp.html (246 words)

	Precipitation
		Precipitation (pre-sip-uh-tay-shun) is any form of water that falls to the Earth's surface.
		Precipitation is important because it helps maintain the
		Without precipitation, all of the land on the planet would be desert.
	www.windows.ucar.edu /tour/link=/earth/Atmosphere/precipitation.html (110 words)

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