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Topic: Precipitation reaction

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	Precipitation (chemistry) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Precipitation is the formation of a solid in a solution during a chemical reaction, such as evaporation.
		Precipitation from a solid solution is also a useful way to strengthen alloys.
		Precipitate formation is useful in the detection of the type of cation in an unknown salt.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Precipitation_(chemistry) (363 words)

	Serum Antibody Tests: Precipitation
		A precipitation reaction occurs as a result of the combination of antibodies in solution with soluble substances with which the antibodies react.
		In a serum precipitin test, dilutions of antigen and antibody in aqueous solution are combined until a precipitation reaction occurs and visible particles accumulate.
		Precipitation occurs within the agar matrix at the point where the diffusing anti-human globulin sera meet with their corresponding serum proteins.
	web.indstate.edu /thcme/PSP/labtests/precip.htm (875 words)

	Exchange reactions: Chem 101-C0C
		O (which is formed in an acid/base reaction) or CO (formed by reaction of a carbonate or bicarbonate salt with an acid).
		Precipitation reactions occur when one of the products of the exchange reaction is insoluble (this is called a precipitate).
		Neutralization reactions occur when an acid (a compound that dissociates to produce H+ ions) reacts with a base (a compound that dissociates to produce OH ions) to produce an ionic compound and water.
	www.uwec.edu /halfenja/newlabs/exchange.html (808 words)

	Precipitation and Co-Precipitation
		Precipitation from soil solution is common for abundant elements in soil such as Al, Fe, Si, Mn, Ca, and Mg.
		Surface precipitation, is the three dimensional growth of a solid on the surface of a soil particle.
		Precipitation reactions in soils have the ability to reduce the toxicity and mobility of harmful trace elements that may be present in the soil system.
	ewr.cee.vt.edu /environmental/teach/gwprimer/group01/Precip.html (701 words)

	Classes of Chemical Reactions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The first classification of reactions is the precipitation reaction.
		Precipitation reactions are a type of double displacement reactions.
		This reaction is similar to the previous precipitation reaction in that the reactants are two ionic compounds.
	www.pitt.edu /~n3lsk/classeschemrxnproc.html (799 words)

	Madrid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		After the Mutiny of Aranjuez, which was led by his own son Fernando VII against him, Carlos IV resigned, but Fernando VII's reign would be short: in May of 1808 Napoleon's troops entered the city.
		Precipitation levels are low, but precipitation can be observed all throughout the year.
		Within Spain, reaction against the dictatorial bureaucracy centered in Madrid and a history of centralism that predated Franco by centuries has resulted in the successful modern movement towards increased autonomy for the regions of Spain, considered as autonomous regions, under the umbrella of Spain.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Madrid (4620 words)

	Chemistry : Chapter 5 : Overview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		When the half reactions are combined, the same number of electrons must be lost and gained; the electrons then cancel from the equation.
		An acid–base neutralization reaction is the reaction of an acid with a base.
		It is possible for a reaction to be both an acid–base reaction and a precipitation reaction.
	www.wwnorton.com /chemistry/overview/ch5.htm (1615 words)

	AUFBAU1 [METALS: PRECIPITATION REACTIONS]
		The precipitation reaction between aqueous solutions of potassium iodide and lead(II) nitrate was investigated quantitatively.
		The reaction mixture was shaken thoroughly, and then, in the absence of a centrifuge, allowed to stand for 1 hour before the height of the yellow precipitate was measured (to within 0.5 mm).
		Nevertheless, the accidental ingestion of aqueous lead(II) nitrate is rarely fatal, in humans at least, because insoluble lead(II) ions are precipitated from the reaction between this solution and the hydrochloric acid present in gastric juice.
	www.wissensdrang.com /auf1pp.htm (669 words)

	1805 Effect of Polypyrophosphate on the Spontaneous Precipitation of DCPD
		The decrease in pH associated with spontaneous precipitation of DCPD was compensated for by the automatic addition of 0.025 M NaOH as titrant to maintain the pH at 5.3.
		In the present study the influence of pyrophosphate and polypyrophosphate on the spontaneous precipitation of DCPD was investigate.
		To determine the effects of inhibitors on DCPD precipitation, varying amounts of sodium acid pyrophosphate and sodium hexametaphosphate were added into the reaction media prior to the addition of calcium solution.
	www.dentalcare.com /soap/products/research/aadr01/pp1805.htm (806 words)

	Chapter 9: Animations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The first reaction shown is a precipitation reaction in which two substances in solution react to form a new substance that is insoluble.
		The second reaction shown is a decomposition reaction in which one substance breaks apart into two or more others.
		The third reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction in which one substance (often oxygen) is transferred to another substance with an exchange of electrons.
	www.dac.neu.edu /physics/b.maheswaran/phy1121/data/ch09/anim/anim0901.htm (131 words)

	English Works! Writing: Sample Biology Lab Report
		The Nutall Precipitation is a technique used to test and compare the relationship of the blood proteins between one species and another to see how they are similar or different.
		In our experiment using the Nutall Precipitation, our hypothesis that the chimpanzee is the animal most closely related to humans was tested to determine whether or not the chimpanzee's agglutination with the human blood is greater than with the other species-the cow, frog, and the monkey.
		The Nutall Precipitation technique tested the hypothesis-five dishes were set up, each one with a different serum from a chimpanzee, cow, frog, monkey, and a human.
	depts.gallaudet.edu /englishworks/writing/main/samplebiologylabreport.htm (794 words)

	Features of Chemical Reactions
		Chemical reaction equations are the basis for reaction stoichiometry, but when the reactants are not stoichiometric mixtures, some reactants will be in excess whereas others will be in limited supply.
		Before the realization of electron transfers, reactions with oxygen were called oxidation reaction, and reactions with hydrogen or with base-forming elements such as metals were called reduction reactions.
		Precipitation reactions take place in solutions, and ions exchange in these reactions.
	www.science.uwaterloo.ca /~cchieh/cact/c120/reactnfeature.html (980 words)

	020425114j - Quiz - General Chemistry 1140 - February 25, 2004 - Dr. Sundin - UWP (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		If the reaction is neither redox or acid-base, check to see if a different combination of the cations and anions would produce an insoluble substance.
		If it is not a precipitation reaction, then maybe you missed the redox or acid-base characteristics of the reaction.
		This is an example or an acid-base reaction in which a salt and water are not formed.
	www.uwplatt.edu /~sundin/114-s4/1440225j.htm (192 words)

	Lab6
		Agglutination is a serological reaction and is very similar to the precipitation reaction we learnt last week.
		To make the detection of soluble antigen and antibody reaction more sensitive, a precipitation reaction can be transformed into an agglutination reaction by attaching soluble antigens to large, inert carriers, such as erythrocytes or latex beads.
		Agglutination reactions can be used to type blood cells for transfusion, to identify bacterial cultures, and to detect the presence and relative amount of specific antibody in a patient’s serum.
	www.life.umd.edu /classroom/bsci423/song/Lab6.html (1136 words)

	Essay: The effects of temperature and concentration on the rate of a precipitation reaction. - Coursework.Info
		Essay: The effects of temperature and concentration on the rate of a precipitation reaction.
		The effects of temperature and concentration on the rate of a precipitation reaction This investigation is about rates of reaction and what affects them.
		In this case I am going to look at hydrochloric acid and sodium thiosulphate which is a precipitation reaction.
	www.coursework.info /GCSE/Chemistry/Patterns_of_Behaviour/The_effects_of_temperature_and_concentration_on_the_rate_of_L32217.html (291 words)

	Lab5
		The precipitation reaction is a highly specific serological reaction involving the binding of antigen by antibody.
		The precipitation reaction is inhibited when either antigen or antibody is present in great excess.
		Distinct precipitation line patterns are formed against the same anti-sera depending on whether two antigens share all antigenic epitopes or partially share their antigenic epitopes or do not share their antigenic epitopes at all.
	www.life.umd.edu /classroom/bsci423/song/Lab5.html (677 words)

	Precipitation Reactions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		If a reaction taking place in aqueous solution produces an insoluble product, that product will precipitate, forming a solid product at the bottom of the reaction vessel.
		Precipitation often happens with double replacement reactions, and one of the most dramatic of such reactions is the reaction between lead nitrate and potassium iodide:
		Both of the reactants are ionic compounds and if it were not for the precipitation, the reaction would not proceed - you would just get the four ions in equilibrium.
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/chemical/precip.html (127 words)

	Chemistry : Chapter 5 : Chemical Reactions
		Precipitates are solids that form from a chemical reaction.
		Therefore such reactions are normally classified only as redox reactions and not as precipitation reactions.
		The one for manganese is the reduction reaction and MnO
	www.wwnorton.com /internal/chem/concepts/chapter5/ch5_6.htm (2594 words)

	Glencoe Online Science Quiz Chapter
		A description of a chemical reaction that includes the names of all reactants and products, but not the formulas, is called a ___________________.
		A solid that forms from a solution during a chemical reaction is called a ______________.
		A reaction between magnesium chloride and silver nitrate yields magnesium nitrate and silver chloride.
	www.glencoe.com /qe/scienceOLC.php?qi=6337 (173 words)

	A hope for AIDS patients (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		These precipitation’s are connected with each other outside the serum trace path and in front of the alpha-2 and beta microglobulines on the electrophoresis plate.
		The two dimensional electrophoresis demonstrates a raise in an intensity of the reaction between TNG and serum proteins.
		These > precipitation’s are connected with each > other outside the serum trace path and in > front of the alpha-2 and beta > microglobulines on the electrophoresis > plate.
	www.rxlist.com /rxboard/general.pl?noframes;read=393 (904 words)

	Chapter 4 - Metathasis Reactions
		A precipitation reaction occurs when two soluble ionic compounds are mixed together, they exchange partners and one of the products is an insoluble compound so it drops out of solution as a solid.
		The key to recognizing precipitation reactions is to examine all combination of anion-cation partners and know which compounds are soluble and which ones are insoluble (solubility rules).
		One example of this type of reaction is one that we have already discussed, the neutralization reaction between an acid and a soluble metal hydroxide to form water and a salt.
	www.chemistry.ohio-state.edu /~woodward/ch121/ch4_metathesis.htm (447 words)

	C&EN: TODAY'S HEADLINES - MODELING BLOOD VESSEL'S BAND-AID
		In normal blood flow, the reactions that induce blood clotting (initiation) are balanced by the reactions that prevent clotting (inhibition).
		An autocatalytic chlorite-thiosulfate reaction produces hydronium ions (initiation) and is balanced by one that consumes hydronium ions (inhibition).
		Ismagilov was excited to see that the precipitation reaction did not spread to the larger vessel--a critical property of normal hemostasis.
	pubs.acs.org /cen/topstory/8210/8210notw6.html (494 words)

	Dr. Boyle's Reaction Control
		Chemical reactions are classified according to what occurs during the reaction.
		One common reaction is the "decomposition" reaction where a single substance is decomposed into other simpler substances or elements.
		Acid-Base reactions involve the mixing of a substance classified as an acid with a substance classified as a base and having the substances in that mixture undergo change.
	www.zianet.com /drbill/chem/rxn.htm (691 words)

	(Streamlined) Ionic Compounds and Precipitation Reactions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		If precipitation of a solid product is observed, a reaction took place and this reaction was "driven" by the relative insolubility of this product compound.
		Then, if a reaction was observed, write a balanced chemical equation describing the precipitation reaction that took place.
		This reaction is "driven" by the insolubility of AgCl in water.
	www.towson.edu /~debye/chem110/experiments/streamlined/110_ionic_compounds_precip_stream.html (272 words)

	Aluminum Effect on Dissolution and Precipitation under Hyperalkaline Conditions: I. Liquid Phase Transformations -- ...
		and hypersalinity on the dissolution and precipitation of soil
		Precipitation rates (normalized per L) based on Si and Fe removal from the soil solution in the Batch 1 study.
		Precipitation reaction order with respect to initial Al concentration in the soil solution based on the amount of Si and Fe removed from the soil solution in the time periods from 3 to 7 d (Si), and 2 to 3 d (Fe).
	jeq.scijournals.org /cgi/content/full/32/6/2354 (4903 words)

	PH@School: Addison-Wesley Chemistry: Chapter 21 Internet Activity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		A precipitate is a solid that separates from solution as the result of a chemical reaction.
		The chemical reaction that produces a precipitate is called a precipitation reaction.
		Precipitation reactions are also widely used in industry.
	www.phschool.com /atschool/chemistry/AW/Student_Area/AWCHEM_SC21_ACT.html (227 words)

	stoichiometry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Purpose: To confirm the stoichiometry of a precipitation reaction and to use the reaction to determine the concentration of an unknown.
		Thus in these mixtures, the amount of precipitate can be used to determine the concentration of the original barium chloride solution.
		When the digestion is completed, allow the precipitates to settle for a few minute and the transfer each one completely to one of the filter funnels.
	wwwchem.csustan.edu /chem1102/stoichio.htm (1191 words)

	Precipitation Reactions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		A precipitation reaction is a reaction in which soluble ions in separate solutions are mixed together to form an insoluble compound that settles out of solution as a solid.
		In addition, they are useful for figuring out what ions might be involved when a precipitation reaction has been observed.
		In this section you will use solubility rules to predict precipitation reactions and then write equations to represent them.
	dl.clackamas.cc.or.us /ch105-04/precipit.htm (141 words)

	Precipitation (chemistry) - Voyager, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Precipitation is the formation of a solid in a solution during a chemical reaction.
		An example of a precipitation reaction: Aqueous silver nitrate (AgNO3) is added to a solution containing potassium chloride (KCl) and the precipitation of a white solid, silver chloride is observed.
		The silver chloride (AgCl) has formed a solid, which is observed as a precipitate.
	www.voyager.in /Precipitation_(chemistry) (373 words)

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