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Topic: Precocial

Related Topics

Altricial

Nidifugous

Hipparchos

Cloaca

Hare

Copulation

Accho

Scorpion

Deir Yassin

Kasutera

Konrad Lorenz

Pieridae

Anglicism

Sex

Mythical being

	Precocial - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This last example demonstrates that precociality is not a particularly conservative characteristic, in the evolutionary sense, since the closely related rabbit is highly altricial.
		Precocial species typically have a longer gestation or incubation period than related altricial species, and smaller litters or clutches, since each offspring has to be brought to a relatively advanced (and large) state before birth or hatching.
		The phenomenon of imprinting studied by Konrad Lorenz is characteristic of precocial birds.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Precocial (298 words)

	Parental Care
		Precocial development is the primitive, or original, mode, with the altricial mode developing independently in several groups of birds (Ricklefs 1983, Gill 1995).
		Precocial species have relatively large brains at hatching-as one might expect since the young, to one degree or another, must be able to fend for themselves.
		Precocial and superprecocial birds are characterized by patterns of simple parental care, minimal nest attendance, and simple nest structure; all those features are considered phylogenetically primitive.
	www.biology.eku.edu /RITCHISO/parentalcare.html (3896 words)

	eNature: Articles: Detail
		The reason the two species have such different approaches to development and dependency is that ducklings, as the scientists say, are precocial and flbird chicks are altricial.
		Precocial animals are born well developed and can accompany their parent away from the place of birth.
		The eggs of precocial birds are usually large, contain about 35 percent yolk, and represent a huge investment of their mothers stored energy reserves.
	www.enature.com /articles/detail.asp?storyID=304 (398 words)

	[No title]
		We can examine altricial vs. precocial development as trade-offs, and these trade-offs are tipped in favor of one mode over the other depending on the environment of a particular species.
		If food is in high supply, then altricial development is favored (because one of the “costs” of altricial development is high food demands, but if food is abundant then this costs is not very strong, and is likely outweighed by the benefits of altr.).
		Precocial development is most favored for: species whose foods can be obtained by inexperienced, flightless young, species whose foods are scarce (predation < starvation), and species whose nests are vulnerable to predation.
	www.humboldt.edu /~mdj6/365/lect/OLect19.doc (1149 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The outcomes of these factors map very approximately on A partial answer is cost: neural tissue is expensive to build to the precocial and altricial developmental modes, though and maintain (in humans, the brain consumes about 20% of altricial species may have some precocial skills and vice the basal metabolic rate).
		precocial) learning produce external and internal states and processes that are mechanisms, which may be expanded during development.
		In that case, the advantages of being precocial also to representations of internal actions such as operators may be best abandoned in favour of the advantages of flexibility: used in problem formation, plan construction and debugging provided that parents are available to care for helpless young.
	www.ijcai.org /papers/1688.txt (3811 words)

	Endothermy and thermoregulation
		However, they differ from precocials in that they stay within the nest or nesting area for a longer time while food is brought to them by their parents (Starck 1993).
		Precocial chicks benefit from the early attainment of homeothermy since it permits independent food seeking for longer foraging periods, thus enabling increased energy intake.
		For most newly-hatched precocials and semiprecocials, the leg muscles are the principal site of regulative thermogenesis because of their larger mass and higher level of maturity in comparison to the breast muscles.
	herkules.oulu.fi /isbn9514265424/html/c172.html (2147 words)

	SingaporeMoms - Parenting Encyclopedia - Precocial
		This amount of time is neccessitated by the fact that offspring need time for their downy coats to dry prior to leaving the nest.
		Additionally, most precocial chicks lack the ability to control their own body temperatures (thermoregulation), and they depend on the attending parent(s) to provide an outside source of heat for a short period of time.
		Precociality is of course also found in other groups.
	www.singaporemoms.com /parenting/Precocial (246 words)

	Care and feeding of precocial birds (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Examples of precocial birds are: chickens, ducks, turkeys, quail, and pheasants.
		The chance of successfully raising a precocial baby bird is good, but precocial birds are not commonly encountered in urban areas.
		Most precocial birds should be ready for release between 8 and 12 weeks of age.
	www.petdoc.ws /precocial.htm (289 words)

	Untitled (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Perhaps you could think of precocial birds as being more similar to their distant relatives the reptiles, which also hatch “ready to go”.
		Precocial eggs usually have a much higher percentage of yolk than those of altricial birds.
		Be sure to point out to your students that the chicks are precocial and are quite able to feed themselves after hatching.
	www.enaturalist.org /print.php?unit_id=96 (2597 words)

	POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENT OF LEACH'S STORM-PETREL
		As in precocial and semi-precocial species, procellariiform neonates have a thick down and are thermally independent at an early age.
		Its integument (15%) was of similar pro- portion to that of the semi-precocial tern (14%) and precocial quail (14%) and larger than that of the altricial starling (9%); its legs (12%) were of similar proportion to those of the starling (10%) but smaller than those of the tern (16%) and quail (18%).
		As in most precocial species, the major feathers unsheath soon after they begin to grow, and the sheathed portion of the feather does not lengthen greatly.
	elibrary.unm.edu /sora/Auk/v097n04/p0768-p0781.html (9200 words)

	Bird Patterns of Development - Page 2
		For many songbird species that forage on insects in treetops, or for hawks and owls, which kill relatively large prey, precocial chicks would still be unable to feed themselves.
		Furthermore, precocial chicks must accomplish much more development than altricial chicks while still in the egg, which means that females must lay large eggs and spend more time incubating them in a vulnerable, ground nest site.
		Precocial chicks' ability to care for themselves lessons the burden on parents, permitting single parenting to be more successful and more prevalent among these species.
	www.paulnoll.com /Oregon/Birds/nest-development-2.html (305 words)

	[No title]
		We may need to come up with a properly analysed taxonomy of types of robots spread along the spectrum, explaining why precocial robots may be better suited to some tasks and environments and altricial robots to others.
		PRECOCIAL SPECIES (deer, horses, chickens, and many others) are born or hatched relatively well developed and competent, e.g.
		We know that in principle this is possible: newly hatched chickens don't have to learn to walk around and peck for food and newly born deer can find their way to their mothers' nipples to feed, and can run with the herd, within minutes of being born.
	www.cs.bham.ac.uk /~axs/misc/altricial-precocial.txt (1656 words)

	Longevity Records: Life Spans of Mammals, Birds, Amphibians, Reptiles, and Fish
		They hatch precocial young from eggs which weigh roughly three pounds, measure 7 by 5.5 inches, and comprise 1.7 percent of the adult’s body weight (Pettingill 1985: 295).
		Their precocial young are commonly hatched in large clutches that band into larger groups.
		With the exception of the cranes and bustards, the young tend to be precocial.
	www.demogr.mpg.de /longevityrecords/0301.htm (3252 words)

	DINOS HIT GROUND RUNNING
		The study suggests that dinosaurs were "precocial," or born with functional skeletons and able to fend for themselves almost immediately after birth.
		The scientists first looked at leg bones, an indicator that had been used in previous research to conclude dinosaurs were "altricial," or helpless at birth and lacking mobility.
		Studies showed that precocial animal species, of whatever type, have high levels of mineralization in their hip bones at birth and are essentially ready to run when they are born.
	www.accessexcellence.org /WN/SUA07/dino596.html (634 words)

	Maabre - Comparison of Rodent Reproduction
		The offspring are born precocial, meaning that they are fully haired, eyes open and teeth erupted.
		Students should be able to describe other characteristics that may be classified as altricial and precocial and name other species that fall into the different categories.
		These animals have some precocial traits but would not survive without the help of the parent.
	www.maabre.org /rodent_compare.htm (337 words)

	Information Bridge: DOE Scientific and Technical Information - - Document #761683
		The abundance of spring chinook salmon life-history forms that have the potential to be influenced by supplementation and that have important ecological and genetic roles were monitored (residuals and precocials).
		Precocials are those salmon that precocially mature in freshwater.
		The purpose of sampling during 1998 was to collect baseline data one year prior to the release of hatchery spring chinook salmon which occurred during the spring of 1999.
	www.osti.gov /bridge/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=761683 (427 words)

	The Precocious Killdeer
		Precocial means "ripened beforehand." (The word comes from the same Latin source as "precocious.") Other precocial birds besides killdeer are chickens, ducks, and quail.
		It's two weeks or more before they mature enough to leave the nest, and even after they leave it, their parents are still feeding them.
		Precocial birds stay in the egg twice as long as altricial birds, so they have more time to develop.
	www.birdwatching.com /stories/killdeer.html (1264 words)

	Bird - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		After the eggs hatch, parent birds provide varying degrees of care in terms of food and protection.
		Precocial birds can care for themselves independently within minutes of hatching; altricial hatchlings are helpless, blind, and naked, and require extended parental care.
		The chicks of many ground-nesting birds such as partridges and waders are often able to run virtually immediately after hatching; such birds are referred to as nidifugous.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/b/i/r/Bird.html (2630 words)

	Altricial - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Animals which nest on the ground are often able to fend for themselves immediately, and do not fall into this category.
		There are eight recognized rankings of development precocity as discussed in "Precocial and Altricial Young".
		This page was last modified 16:29, 3 June 2006.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Altricial (127 words)

	Archaeopteryx - EvoWiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Nevertheless, what data is available indicates that there is a considerably more precocial level of organization in the palate of the urvogel than previously envisioned.
		The ulnare is v-shaped, permitting it to rotate against the articular surface of the carpometacarpus, as in modern birds.
		This unexpectdely precocial trait in the urvogel is further evidence for its ability to sustain powered flight.
	wiki.cotch.net /index.php/Archaeopteryx (8612 words)

	Problem Description: Imprinting
		The most dramatic and clear-cut manifestations of affiliate tendencies, however, are seen in the young of certain ground-nesting fowl such as chickens, ducks, or quail.
		This early social behavior among precocial birds has been termed imprinting and has been defined as a process that causes the newly hatched to become rapidly and strongly attached to social objects such as parents or parental surrogates.
		That is to say, there is a marked tendency to approach, remain near, and follow such "targets".
	samiam.colorado.edu /~mcclella/expersim/introimprint.html (812 words)

	Postnatal maturation of brain cholinergic systems in the precocial murid Acomys cahirinus: comparison with the ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The spiny mouse (Acomys cahirinus) is the only precocial murid species.
		It has some neuroanatomical peculiarities such as a relatively thin cerebral cortex and a large hippocampus.
		In the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and striatum of adult spiny mice, when compared with the rats, there were similar levels of choline acetyltransferase but lower levels of membrane-bound acetylcholinesterase and, in the cerebral cortex, lower density of muscarinic receptor sites.
	www.arclab.org /medlineupdates/abstract_3455597.html (279 words)

	PRECOCIAL DEVELOPMENT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Precocial young are ready to function as semi-independent animals soon after hatching or birth.
		Their need for parental care is limited, and in some cases absent.
		Contrast these precocial goslings with the intensive parental care needed by altricial young.
	www.animalbehavioronline.com /precocial.html (205 words)

	Life History and Ecology of the Aves
		Precocial birds, on the other hand, are born feathered, and are able to walk and to feed on their own shortly after hatching -- ducks and chickens are well-known precocial birds.
		Whether precocial or altricial, birds grow rapidly, reaching adult size within one year.
		A phenomenon that has been well studied in birds is altruism.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /diapsids/birds/birdlh.html (386 words)

	Help...I Found A Baby Bird!
		The other main type of baby bird is called "PRECOCIAL".
		Precocial birds are hatched as soft downy chicks.
		These babies can follow their parents around shortly after hatching and do not have to be fed by a parent at all.
	www.webbedworks.com /messingerwoods/babybirds.htm (1138 words)

	Birds, information about the Aves.
		birds, on the other hand, are born feathered, and are able to walk and to feed on their own shortly after hatching -- ducks and chickens are well-known precocial birds.
		They can be extremely strong for flight but must be extremely light and very flexible.
		They form the downy plumage of precocious chicks, those that are born with feathers and are able to move about soon after hatching.
	www.n8ture.com /birds.html (489 words)

	Respiration and energetics of embryonic development in a large altricial bird, the Australian pelican (Pelecanus ...
		and precocial taxa appear to be represented by species with
		Prinzinger, R., Schmidt, M. and Dietz, V. Embryogeny of oxygen consumption in 13 altricial and precocial birds.
		Vleck, C. M., Hoyt, D. and Vleck, D. Metabolism of avian embryos: patterns in altricial and precocial birds.
	jeb.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/205/18/2925 (5351 words)

	Allometric relationships between embryonic heart rate and fresh egg mass in birds -- Tazawa et al. 204 (1): 165 -- ...
		seabirds (egg mass approximately 38-288 g) and precocial birds (egg mass
		for six species of precocial bird (fh at 80 % ID=429M(-0.118)).
		birds and the precocial and semi-precocial (PSP) groups were investigated
	jeb.biologists.org /cgi/content/abstract/204/1/165 (369 words)

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