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Topic: Precomposed character

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	Combining character - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		So in many cases it is possible to use both combining diacritics and precomposed characters, at the user or applications choice.
		This leads to a requirement to perform unicode normalisation before comparing two unicode strings and to carefully design encoding converters to correctly map all of the valid ways to represent a character in unicode to a legacy encoding to avoid data loss.
		For example when converting between windows-1258 and VISCII the former uses combining diacritics whilst the other has a large selection of precomposed characters so a converter using a simple mapping between code values and unicode code points will mess up text when converting between them.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Combining_diacritical_mark (264 words)

	Unicode - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Many traditional character encodings share a common problem in that they allow bilingual computer processing (usually using Roman characters and the local language), but not multilingual computer processing (computer processing of arbitrary languages mixed with each other).
		Further additions of characters to the already-encoded scripts, as well as symbols, in particular for mathematics and music (in the form of notes and rhythmic symbols), also occur.
		MIME defines two different mechanisms for encoding non-ASCII characters in e-mail, depending on whether the characters are in e-mail headers such as the "Subject:" or in the text body of the message.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Unicode (3772 words)

	AllAPI.net - Your #1 source for using API-functions in Visual Basic!
		The new character string is not necessarily from a multibyte character set.
		A precomposed character has a single character value for a base/nonspacing character combination.
		In the character è, the e is the base character, and the accent grave mark is the nonspacing character.
	www.mentalis.org /apilist/WideCharToMultiByte.shtml (614 words)

	Unicode's characters
		An abstract character is a unit of textual information such that a sequence of characters defines an abstract text that can be written or recited in various concrete ways all of which are obviously presenting the same underlying text.
		The official opinion is that the existing precomposed characters were only included for compatibility with older standards such as ISO-8859-1 but I don't see why their accented characters couldn't have been decomposed during conversion from ISO-8859-1 to Unicode and recomposed on the way back.
		A character's assigned Unicode number is supposed to stay valid for eternity but this ideal was compromised by changes for Unicode 1.1 (removals and reorderings) and Unicode 2.0 (Hangul reordering) already.
	czyborra.com /unicode/characters.html (3463 words)

	Glossary
		A character that is equivalent to a sequence of one or more other characters, according to the decomposition mappings found in the names list of Section 16.1, Character Names List, and those described in Section 3.12, Conjoining Jamo Behavior.
		The diaeresis is not distinguished from the umlaut in the Unicode character encoding.
		A representation for a single abstract character that consists of a sequence of two 16-bit code units, where the first value of the pair is a high-surrogate code unit, and the second is a low-surrogate code unit.
	www.unicode.org /glossary (7489 words)

	Precomposed character -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Precomposed character is a (Click link for more info and facts about Unicode) Unicode entity that can be decomposed into a (Click link for more info and facts about canonically equivalent) canonically equivalent string of several other characters.
		Typically, a precomposed character is decomposed into to the main character and a (Click link for more info and facts about combining diacritical mark) combining diacritical mark.
		On most computer systems with incomplete (Click link for more info and facts about Unicode) Unicode support, the precomposed characters are easier to handle, and also they look better on displays and in print.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/p/pr/precomposed_character.htm (152 words)

	[No title]
		"18" is the number of characters between the "i" and the "n" in "internationalization", and "10" is the number of characters between the "l" and the "n" in "localization".
		Characters in the BMP are always encoded as two octets, and characters outside the BMP are encoded as four octets.
		This includes composite characters that are canonical equivalents to a combining character sequence of an alphabetic base character plus one or more combining characters: letter digraphs; contextual variant of alphabetic characters; ligatures of alphabetic characters; contextual variants of ligatures; modifier letters; letterlike symbols that are compatibility equivalents of single alphabetic letters; and miscellaneous letter elements.
	www.ietf.org /rfc/rfc3536.txt (7547 words)

	FAQ - Characters, Combining Marks
		These 12 characters are not duplicates and should be treated as a small extension of the set of unified ideographs.
		If precomposed equivalents were added, the number of multiple spellings would be increased, and decompositions would need to be defined and maintained for them, adding to the complexity of existing decomposition tables in implementations.
		Nothing would be gained by adding the letter with diacritical mark as a precomposed character; on the contrary, adding such a letter would add one or more multiple spellings to be reckoned with, incrementally complicating all Unicode implementations for no net gain.
	www.unicode.org /faq/char_combmark.html (2686 words)

	Medieval Unicode Font Initiative
		This character is quite frequent in Old Norse, in manuscripts as well as in regularised orthography, and should be included as a precomposed character.
		The precomposed characters are small and capital forms of "a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f", "g", "h", "m", "n", "o", "p", "r", "s", "t", "w", "x", "y", "z", and tall "s" (no capital version).
		The characters "i" and "j" already have dots, but there is a precomposed capital "I" with a dot, though not a capital "J" with dot.
	helmer.aksis.uib.no /mufi/proposal/PUA-range2-v1.html (1857 words)

	SBL presentation/font info query
		The currently emerging standard is Unicode which allows tens of thousands of characters in a single font, enabling for the first time both a complete set of alphanumeric glyphs with other language-related typographical glyphs, and, if desired, multiple language character sets-all of which can be included in a single font file.
		For this, precomposed characters are the only good solution, but since this requires a larger number of characters than is available in the standard ASCII range, there has been no good solution until the emergence of Unicode.
		SIL Galatia is quite nice (if a bit "rotund") and has many precomposed characters, but it has major differences in even the alphabetic layout (e.g., x and c are reversed; eta is on the j key, etc.).
	lists.ibiblio.org /pipermail/biblical-languages/2001-November/000266.html (1836 words)

	Production First Software Encyclopedia of Typography and Electronic Communication : C
		A character set is often larger than an encoding, but the reverse can never be true without a mechanism to deal with characters the encoding cannot find in the character set.
		Although a character set may consist of the same characters as an encoding, the basic distinction is that a character set does not have any notion or ordering, whereas the purpose of an encoding is to impart an ordering to a character set as part of a character glyph retrieval mechanism.
		The distinction between using a combining character glyph along with another character glyph, and a ligature is that in the former case, the combining character glyph usually does not entirely give up its visual form.
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/profirst/c.htm (9705 words)

	H. Eichmann's GEDCOM 5.5 Sample Page: ANSEL to Unicode conversion
		The visual appearence of the characters as given in the ANSEL (ANSI Z39.47-1993) specification and the visual appearence of its unicode counterparts as published on the Unicode home page (click on "code charts") have been compared.
		where aaaa is the spacing character, bbbb and cccc are the diacritics and dddd is the precomposed character.
		A list of characters, which could not be analysed with the algorithm is shown here.
	heiner-eichmann.de /gedcom/charintr.htm (1175 words)

	Unicode Polytonic Greek for the World Wide Web (version 0.9.7)
		Nearly all the combinations of character and diacritical mark encountered in languages using the Latin script were included in the first version of the Unicode standard, Unicode 1.0 - for example, the e with acute accent, the c with hacek, and the c with cedilla.
		Henceforth, when I refer to the use of "precomposed characters" I mean the character codes defined in Normalization Form C of the Unicode standard; this includes all the characters in the Greek character set, plus the unique characters in the "Greek Extended" set.
		Henceforth, when I refer to the use of "precomposed characters" I mean the character codes defined in Normalization Form C of the Unicode standard; this includes all the characters in the Greek character set, plus the unique characters in the "Greek Extended" set (though I find this name at best undescriptive).
	www.stoa.org /unicode/normalization.html (1985 words)

	How Normalization Standards Are Helping and Hindering the Success of XML: Data Interchange on the Web and the W3C ...
		Often, a character will be represented by a single code point, but in many cases, a character may be represented by a base character followed by a sequence of diacritic marks.
		Comparing precomposed forms means ensuring that for any combination of a base character followed by a diacritic (such as a “c” followed by the cedilla mark), there is not already a single code point that represents that character (as there happens to be in this case: “ç”).
		Character Encoding Schemes don’t play a key role in this discussion, but one could draw a parallel between the mapping from a denomination to its physical manifestation as a coin or note, and the encoding of a UCS code point into a serialized byte sequence.
	www.idealliance.org /papers/xml02/dx_xml02/papers/06-01-03/06-01-03.html (6604 words)

	What you need to know about... Perl and XML
		Since all the "important" precomposed sequences are available, not much software fully supports combining character sequences so minority languages still tend to have poor support.
		As it stands, normalization is still a big problem, and even with all the precomposed characters and glyph variants it's not always possible to ensure round-trip compatibility with most legacy character sets.
		Compatibility characters are included in the Unicode Standard only to represent distinctions in other base standards and would not otherwise have been encoded.
	www.umiacs.umd.edu /~aelkiss/xml/java/encode2.html (1689 words)

	UNICODE FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Many traditional character encodings share a common problem in that they allow bilingual computer processing (usually using Roman_characters and the local language), but not multilingual computer processing (computer processing of arbitrary languages mixed with each other).
		In the case of Chinese_characters, this sometimes leads to controversies over distinguishing the underlying character from its variant glyphs (see Han_unification).
		Theoretically, (precomposed e with macron and acute above) and (e followed by the combining macron above and combining acute above) have an identical appearance, both giving an e with macron and acute_accent, but in practice, their appearances can vary greatly across software applications.
	www.whereintheworldisbush.com /Unicode (3606 words)

	Precomposed (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		See Table of Unicode precomposed characters See also: canonical equivalence, canonical decomposition Category:Unicode
		The following are tables of Unicode precomposed characters, as of Unicode version 4.1.
		Note that some letters may be considered as separate letters in some languages, but considered as variants of the same letter in another language.
	www.wwwtln.com /finance/148/precomposed.html (136 words)

	[No title]
		Note that characters for linguistic transcriptions may also be created from a base character and characters contained in the Spacing Modifier Letters block or Combining Diacritics block.
		If you find a character that is missing The Unicode Standard offers a huge array of encoded characters that are able to serve most linguists’ needs, and because they are already in Unicode—which has been adopted by many software and font companies—they can currently be used in documents.
		Proposals include: a list of characters (with their names, a representative glyph for each, and information on each character’s properties), a representative sample of the characters in context (i.e., in texts), and a short bibliography with references.
	emeld.org /workshop/2003/anderson-paper.doc (2370 words)

	Precomposed character (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Precomposed character is a Unicode entity that can be decomposed into a Canonical equivalence string of several other characters.
		Syn: decomposable character On most computer systems with incomplete Unicode support, the precomposed characters are easier to handle, and also they look better on displays and in print.
		See Table of Unicode precomposed characters See also: canonical equivalence, canonical decomposition
	read-and-go.hopto.org /Unicode/Precomposed-character.html (75 words)

	How do I encode...?
		Q: I've noticed that when I'm looking for phonetic characters, not everything I want is in the IPA extensions.
		If the character has an “overlay” (superimposed on the character) then the precomposed character should be used.
		The bigger question, of course, is a need to know all the characters sanctioned as part of the IPA and what their Unicode codepoints are.
	scripts.sil.org /cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=EncodingFAQ&_sc=1 (1303 words)

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