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Topic: Precuneus

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	The Neurocritic: June 2006
		Furthermore, precuneus and surrounding posteromedial areas are amongst the brain structures displaying the highest resting metabolic rates (hot spots) and are characterized by transient decreases in the tonic activity during engagement in non-self-referential goal-directed actions (default mode of brain function).
		The precuneus seemed poised to break out into the mainstream in the mid-90's, ever since it was found to be highly active when people were remembering words from a list they had studied earlier (compared to new words they hadn't studied).
		The precuneus shows shows the highest resting metabolic rate of all the regions implicated in "the resting state" (often assessed with eyes closed, when the subjects presumably have a major alpha rhythm going in their EEGs, but also evaluated during "passive viewing" conditions when people are looking at a + sign or some other image).
	neurocritic.blogspot.com /2006_06_01_archive.html (5757 words)

	WOROI: 171 - Precuneus
		Activation tightly correlated with numerical distance was observed mainly in a group of parietal areas distributed bilaterally along the intraparietal sulci and in the precuneus, as well as in the left middle temporal gyrus and posterior cingulate
		In contrast, regional CV was significantly lower in AD in temporal and parietal cortices, which were the regions that along with the precuneus had the largest metabolic decrements, though the precuneus had increased CV Nora D. Volkow; Wei Zhu; Christoph A. Felder; Klaus Mueller; Tomihisa F. Welsh; Gene J. Wang; Mony J. de Leon.
		The enhanced CV in precuneus, despite its marked reductions in metabolism, suggests that increases in regional homogeneity in parietal and temporal cortices are not a mere reflection of the decrement in metabolism
	hendrix.imm.dtu.dk /services/jerne/brede/WOROI_171.html (1400 words)

	The precuneus: a review of its functional anatomy and behavioural correlates -- Cavanna and Trimble 129 (3): 564 -- ...
		The precuneus: a review of its functional anatomy and behavioural correlates
		role for the precuneus in a wide spectrum of highly integrated
		been proposed that precuneus is involved in the interwoven network
	brain.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/129/3/564 (996 words)

	Effect of subjective perspective taking during simulation of action: a PET investigation of agency - Nature ...
		Both precuneus and right inferior parietal show stronger activation for third-person perspective simulation, less activation for first-person perspective simulation, and very low activation for control situations in which self-representation is not required for the task.
		According to those converging results, we suggest that the right inferior parietal lobe and the precuneus are critically involved in discriminating the self from others, by way of their involvement in the representation of the self.
		Several cortical areas (right inferior parietal, precuneus and somatosensory cortex) are proposed to be engaged in distinguishing the self from the other, and should be investigated further to better understand agency disorders in both neurological and psychopathological patients.
	www.nature.com /neuro/journal/v4/n5/full/nn0501_546.html (3973 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Precuneus (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The precuneus is a structure in the brain positioned above the cuneus and located in the parietal lobe.
		Furthermore, precuneus and surrounding posteromedial areas are amongst the brain structures displaying the highest resting metabolic rates (hot spots) and are characterized by transient decreases in the tonic activity during engagement in non-self-referential goal-directed actions (default mode of brain function).
		By means of a critical analysis of precuneus activation patterns in response to different mental tasks, this paper provides a useful conceptual framework for matching the functional imaging findings with the specific role(s) played by this structure in the higher-order cognitive functions in which it has been implicated.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Precuneus (409 words)

	Nieuwsselectie: Wetenschap & Onderwijs
		Gonsalves en Paller vermoeden dat de onthullende signalen in de precuneus ontstaan, een hersengebied aan de binnenkant van de linker pariëtaalkwab.
		De precuneus ligt in het gebied dat in dit experiment extra actief was: boven, achter in het brein.
		Helaas kunnen de onderzoekers hiermee niet bevestigen dat de precuneus inderdaad de bron is, want de meetmethode met de event-related potentials moet het vooral hebben van de precisie op de milliseconde en niet op de millimeter.
	www.nrc.nl /W2/Nieuws/2000/12/02/Vp/wo.html (1021 words)

	Gonsalves, B
		Three areas showed larger responses to words that were later falsely recognized as presented in picture: anterior cingulated, precuneus region in the medial parietal lobes, and right inferior parietal area.
		Precuneus and right inferior parietal cortex showed greater activation for words that were later forgotten compared to words remembered.
		The current study, however, shows that greater activation in the precuneus, right inferior parietal cortex, and anterior cingulate is associated with encoding of words that are later falsely remembered to have been shown as a photograph.
	www.uark.edu /misc/lampinen/read/s05/gonsalves04.htm (699 words)

	Review of precuneus function \| Science & Consciousness Review
		Therefore, it has recently been proposed that precuneus is involved in the interwoven network of the neural correlates of self-consciousness, engaged in self-related mental representations during rest.
		This hypothesis is consistent with the selective hypometabolism in the posteromedial cortex reported in a wide range of altered conscious states, such as sleep, drug-induced anaesthesia and vegetative states.
		This review summarizes the current knowledge about the macroscopic and microscopic anatomy of precuneus, together with its wide-spread connectivity with both cortical and subcortical structures, as shown by connectional and neurophysiological findings in non-human primates, and links these notions with the multifaceted spectrum of its behavioural correlates.
	www.sci-con.org /2006/02/review-of-precuneus-function (497 words)

	Imaging and the Aging Brain \|
		Up to this point, the scientists had focused on brain activity in patients who were trying to learn face-name pairs, without regard to their success or failure at the task.
		The brain may be able to use increased attention to compensate for shortcomings in the normal memory storage system in the hippocampus.
		Storing a memory, then, entails activating the hippocampus, deactivating the precuneus, and possibly compensating for aging by revving up the frontal cortex.
	www.nyas.org /ebriefreps/main.asp?intSubsectionID=4298 (1232 words)

	Study shows that chemotherapy temporarily alters brain structure
		The researchers found that within one year of cancer surgery, women who had received chemotherapy had smaller volumes in the areas of brain which are associated with cognition, compared to their counterparts who had not received chemotherapy.
		Prefrontal, parahippocampal, cingulate gyri, and precuneus regions were the regions of the brains which showed smaller regional volumes.
		On the other hand, three years after cancer surgery, no significant differences in brain volumes were found between women who had been exposed to chemotherapy and those women who had not.
	www.earthtimes.org /articles/show/10926.html (677 words)

	Review of precuneus function \| Science & Consciousness Review
		Furthermore, precuneus and surrounding posteromedial areas are amongst the brain structures displaying the highest resting metabolic rates (hot spots) and are characterized by transient decreases in the tonic activity during engagement in non-self-referential goal-directed actions (default mode of brain function).
		Therefore, it has recently been proposed that precuneus is involved in the interwoven network of the neural correlates of self-consciousness, engaged in self-related mental representations during rest.
		By means of a critical analysis of precuneus activation patterns in response to different mental tasks, this paper provides a useful conceptual framework for matching the functional imaging findings with the specific role(s) played by this structure in the higher-order cognitive functions in which it has been implicated.
	sci-con.org /2006/02/review-of-precuneus-function (500 words)

	Luo J et al / Acta Pharmacol Sin 2004 May; 25 (5): 637-643
		However, if the motor inhibition or movement preparation hypothesis of precuneus were correct, then the precuneus will be activated in both of the Execution Stage and of the Preparation Stage — when CPC and SPC were contrasted with NPC in their Preparation Stage.
		Our results that left precuneus was only activated in the Execution Stage when the execution of complex key-pressing sequence (CPC and NPC) was compared with that of the simple key-pressing sequence (SPC), proved that the function of precuneus in motor movement was the attentive control of finger movement, rather than the movement preparation or inhibition.
		Other possibilities, such as eye movements, which were known to evoke the activities in precuneus, were also implausible, because the three conditions contained the same visual stimulus pattern and our subjects were required to fix their eyes on the center of the screen.
	www.chinaphar.com /1671-4083/25/637.htm (3439 words)

	[No title]
		The aim of the studies presented here was to further evaluate the precuneus involvement during episodic retrieval for highly imaginable as well as abstract verbal material in cross-cultural comparisons and studies in subjects who are fluent in two languages.
		As a main finding, the precuneus activation occurred in both highly imaginable and abstract words in cross-cultural comparisons (German vs Finnish volunteers) as well as in studies in bilingual subjects (Finnish volunteers: mother language vs foreign language English).
		The present study therefore supports the hypothesis that the precuneus has a specific function in episodic memory retrieval independent from imaginable vs abstract content of the words as evident from cross-cultural comparisons and studies in bilingual subjects.
	www.neurologie.uni-duesseldorf.de /HBM99/cd/attention/2722.html (636 words)

	[No title]
		In this PET study, we tested the hypothesis that specific areas of the human cortex (V2, V3 and V5) are responsive to an optical flow stimulus consisting of selective forward (expansion) and backward (contraction) motion-in-depth.
		Areas of activation included: the lateral gyrus, the cuneus, the occipital gyrus (pars medialis and inferioris), the fusiform gyrus, the precuneus and the medial temporal area, all in the right hemisphere.
		Several foci of activation were found: the cuneus, precuneus and the medial temporal area (MT) in the right hemisphere; The fusiform gyrus showed bilateral activation.
	www.neurologie.uni-duesseldorf.de /HBM99/cd/attention/1942.html (500 words)

	The central mechanism of vestibular habituation
		The activation of peri-insular regions depended on the direction of the nystagmus, while the right precuneus was significantly activated irrespective of the nystagmus direction.
		The regions of which activation correlated to subjective intensity of self-rotatory sensation were peri-insular cortices and the precuneus.
		The activation of the precuneus did not depend on the direction of the nystagmus while that of the peri-insular regions did, suggesting that the precuneus might be involved in the perception of self-rotation per-se.
	www4.jsforum.or.jp /public/report/2000/20000335naito/20000335naito_e.html (675 words)

	Directory of open access journals
		This reduction may arise from functional deafferentation caused by primary neural degeneration in the remote area of the entorhinal cortex that is the first to be pathologically affected in AD.
		Especially, the APOE epsilon4 allele has been reported to increase risk and to lower onset age as a function of the inherited dose of the epsilon4 allele.
		Reduction of flow or metabolism in the posterior cingulate gyrus and precuneus has been reported even in presymptomatic nondemented subjects who were cognitively normal and had at least a single epsilon4 allele.
	www.doaj.org /doaj?func=abstract&id=111775&recNo=1&toc=1 (323 words)

	CS 591.1: Brain and Computation (Fall 2000) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		They were followed within 70 msec by signals originating in the posterior parietal lobe close to midline (precuneus) and, 100 msec later, in the posterior superior temporal areas, predominantly in the left hemisphere.
		The results suggest that certain brain areas involved in high-level visual perception are activated during visual imagery and that the extent of imagery-related activity is dictated by the requirements of the stimuli and the task.
		Only in one subject but twice, the current dipole located in the supplementary motor area was observed 60 ms after activation of the precuneus, which suggests that the signal from the precuneus for motor imagery is transferred to the supplementary motor area.
	www.bcl.hamilton.ie /~neuro/seminar/F2000/591.1 (3768 words)

	T01057
		Activation of the thalamus / mamillary bodies may point to the role of the pituitary - adrenal and pituitary - thyroid axis in post-traumatic stress disorder as described in the literature (Bremner, Southwick, and Charney 1999).
		The main finding of our study, however, is the significantly greater activation of an ensemble of right hemispheric areas that consists of medial dorsal thalamus (MD), medial parietal association cortex (precuneus), together with right cerebellum in traumatic recall as compared to a condition of simple fear.
		The precuneus, a multimodal cortical association area, has often been implicated in episodic memory retrieval (Krause, Schmidt, Mottaghy, Taylor, Halsband, Herzog, Tellmann, and Muller-Gartner 1999) and memory-related imagery (Fletcher, Frith, Baker, Shallice, Frackowiak, and Dolan 1995).
	www.fsu.edu /~trauma/v7/T01057.html (2801 words)

	Precuneus Summary
		The deeply wrinkled surface of the brain's identical halves contains the substance that makes a mind, able to soar on the notes...
		The precuneus is a structure in the brain positioned above the cuneus and located in the parietal lobe.
		According to some authors, the precuneus is part of the limbic system....
	www.bookrags.com /Precuneus (108 words)

	Episodic retrieval activates the precuneus irrespective of the imagery content of word pair associates: A PET study -- ...
		Episodic retrieval activates the precuneus irrespective of the imagery content of word pair associates: A PET study -- Krause et al.
		Episodic retrieval activates the precuneus irrespective of the imagery content of word pair associates
		The precuneus is a medial parietal brain region situated superior
	brain.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/122/2/255 (4268 words)

	Department of Cognitive Neuroscience Research Institute of Logopedics and Phoniatrics
		The result suggests that the precuneus activity during motor imagery involves retrieval of spatial information and/or setting up spatial attributes.
		Only in one subject but twice, the current dipole located in the supplementary motor area was observed 60 ms after activation of the precuneus, which subjects that the signal from the precuneus for motor imagery is transferred to the supplementary motor area.
		The most important point in studying the effect of a treatment for aphasia is to verify that the observed improvement of performance is not due to spontaneous recovery but to the specific effect of the treatment.
	plaza.umin.ac.jp /~cns (1054 words)

	Posterior cingulate at AllExperts
		The cingulate cortex is made up - an area around the midline of the brain.
		Surrounding areas are, e.g., the retrosplenial cortex and the precuneus.
		Cytoarchitectonically posterior cingulate cortex is associated with Brodmann areas 23 and 31.
	en.allexperts.com /e/p/po/posterior_cingulate.htm (143 words)

	BioMed Central \| Abstract \| Regional gray matter volumetric changes in autism associated with social and repetitive ...
		Significant partial correlations were found between the volumes of the caudate nuclei, multiple frontal and temporal regions, the cerebellum and a measure of repetitive behaviors, controlling for total gray matter volume.
		Social and communication deficits in autism were also associated with caudate, cerebellar, and precuneus volumes, as well as with frontal and temporal lobe regional volumes.
		Gray matter enlargement was observed in areas that have been functionally identified as important in social-cognitive processes, such as the medial frontal gyri, sensorimotor cortex and middle temporal gyrus.
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-244X/6/56/abstract (377 words)

	Reflective self-awareness and conscious states: PET evidence for a common midline parietofrontal core. (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A recent meta-analysis has shown precuneus, angular gyri, anterior cingulate gyri, and adjacent structures to be highly metabolically active in support of resting consciousness.
		After each scan, the subjects reported the contents of their thoughts during the scan to ascertain that the instructions had been followed.
		The results confirmed our hypothesis: Statistical parametric mapping showed differential activity in precuneus and angular gyri during reflection on own personality traits and in anterior cingulate gyri during reflection on own physical traits.
	www.accelerated-learning-online.com /research/reflective-self-awareness-conscious-states-pet-evidence-common.asp (583 words)

	vgn-ext-hidden_PubMed (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Overlapping regions were left thalamus, caudate and cuneus and right parietal precuneus.
		While robust HRFs characterized most regions, target detection was associated with a negative HRF in the right parietal precuneus and a biphasic HRF in thalamus, basal ganglia, and all occipital regions.
		Both height of the HRF and longer time to peak in the right cingulate were associated with slower response time.
	www.asco.org /portal/site/ASCO/menuitem.a3fb42726842a82627c4c291ee37a01d/?vgnextoid=d70b3608f9958010VgnVCM100000f2730ad1RCRD&index=n&pmid=17133387 (319 words)

	Alteration of regional cerebral blood flow in patients with chronic pain--evaluation before and after epidural spinal co
		(1) In the PR group, increased rCBF was observed in left thalamus, bilateral precuneus and bilateral cerebellum under the baseline condition.
		(2) In the GR group, increased rCBF areas were noted in bilateral precuneus and bilateral cerebellum under the baseline condition.
		Increased rCBF of thalamus and precuneus under both conditions in the PR group and decreased rCBF of ACG under post SCS conditions in the GR group were characteristic patterns.
	www.galenicom.com /medline/article/16856574/au:Kodama+T (537 words)

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