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Topic: Predictive validity

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	PA 765: Validity
		Be less concerned about defining and differentiating the types of validity (researchers disagree on the definitions and types, and yes, they do overlap) and be more concerned about all the types of questions one should ask about the validity of research (researchers agree on the importance of the questions).
		That is, when factor analysis is used to validate the inclusion of a set of indicator variables in the scale for a construct, the researcher is assuming a linear, additive model.
		Discriminant validity, the second major type of construct validity, refers to the principle that the indicators for different constructs should not be so highly correlated as to lead one to conclude that they measure the same thing.
	www2.chass.ncsu.edu /garson/pa765/validity.htm (4352 words)

	Animal Models of Psychiatric Disorders
		Predictive validity is generally defined as the ability of a test to predict a criterion that is of interest to the investigator (14).
		The predictive validity in terms of pharmacological isomorphism of the model is indicated by the fact that pharmacological treatments clinically effective in depression, such as tricyclics, MAO inhibitors, atypical antidepressants, and electroconvulsive shock therapy are effective in reducing the behavioral and "physical" abnormalities seen in animals exposed to uncontrollable stress (87, 88).
		Evidence for the predictive validity of this model derives from the finding that the post-cocaine elevations in thresholds were reversed by administration of either the dopamine agonist bromocriptine or the tricyclic desmethylimipramine (52).
	www.acnp.org /g4/GN401000076/CH.html (9678 words)

	Research Methods - Validity and Reliability in AllPsych Online
		Validity refers to the degree in which our test or other measuring device is truly measuring what we intended it to measure.
		Construct validity is the term given to a test that measures a construct accurately and there are different types of construct validity that we should be concerned with.
		Concurrent Validity refers to a measurement device’s ability to vary directly with a measure of the same construct or indirectly with a measure of an opposite construct.
	allpsych.com /researchmethods/validityreliability.html (1277 words)

	Classics in the History of Psychology -- Cronbach & Meehl (1955)
		In predictive or concurrent validity, the criterion behavior is of concern to the tester, and he may have no concern whatsoever with the type of behavior exhibited in the test.
		Predictive validity of X for Y is adequately described by the coefficient, and a statement of the experimental and sampling conditions.
		She writes, "The validity of a psychological test should not be confused with an analysis of the factors which determine the behavior under consideration." We, however, regard such analysis as a most important type of validation.
	psychclassics.yorku.ca /Cronbach/construct.htm (10550 words)

	[No title]
		To establish this form of validity one must compute the statistical relationship (often in the form of a Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient [r]) between the test scores and scores on a test considered the criterion or standard measure.
		Predictive validity is often established using the technique of multiple correlation that generate regression equations based on the contribution of one or more unrelated variables to the criterion variable.
		Conversely, if validity was high between the test and criterion, and reliability also was high for both tests, one must conclude that the validity correlation coefficient reflected “true” validity because reliability of individual scores was high.
	www.umich.edu /~exphysio/MVS250/ComputeTestValidity.doc (1234 words)

	Understanding Validity
		Validity refers to the extent to which something does what it is intended to do.
		The prediction was done for all 1,000 students, but when it comes time to measure the accuracy of that prediction, it can only be done for the 200 students who enrolled, because only those students have a measure of success—grades in the program.
		In the presentation, the validity coefficients are converted to the percent of variance explained, which means that of the differences in grades among students, a portion of those differences is attributable to the predictors.
	www.gmac.com /gmac/ResearchandTrends/AssessmentResearch/ValidityStudyService_related/UnderstandingValidity.htm (1044 words)

	Reliability and Validity, Part II - Validity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Validity refers to the issue of whether the test measures what it is intending to measure.
		Rather than predicting future behavior you may be interested in the relationship between your test and other tests that purport to measure the same domain.
		Discriminant validity, are the test scores unrelated to tests and behaviors in different domains, seems to be less often assessed than is convergent validity.
	web.uccs.edu /lbecker/Psy590/relval_II.htm (1225 words)

	Validity II
		When determining predictive validity it is important that for everyone who took the test, there is also measured on the criterion.
		With predictive validation you use a more or less random sample of the population, and with concurrent validation you are using a preselected sample.
		The validity coefficient is only one factor, of many, that helps us to determine the degree to which a test may improve or detract from the quality of a decision.
	xnet.rrc.mb.ca /tomh/validity_ii.htm (1462 words)

	Myth 3: Predictive validity studies demonstrate the usefulness of a tool for all organisations Psychometric Tests - ...
		Reality: Predictive validity studies primarily demonstrate the usefulness of a tool for the particular organisation in which they were conducted.
		Predictive validity refers to the ability of a psychometric tool to predict some future measure such as job performance.
		Predictive validity is often defined by a correlation (i.e.
	www.psyasia.com /supportsuite/index.php?_m=knowledgebase&_a=viewarticle&kbarticleid=30&nav=0 (695 words)

	SAT Predictive Validity Fact Sheet
		The SAT I is designed to predict first-year college grades - it is not validated to predict grades beyond the freshman year, graduation rates, pursuit of a graduate degree, or for placement or advising purposes.
		After a three-year validity study analyzing the power of the SAT I, SAT II, and high school grades to predict success at the state's eight public universities, University of California (UC) President Richard Atkinson presented a proposal in February 2001 to drop the SAT I requirement for UC applicants.
		The weak predictive power of the SAT I, its susceptibility to coaching, examples of test score misuse, and the negative impact test score use has on educational equity all lead to the same conclusion - test scores should be optional in college admissions.
	www.fairtest.org /facts/satvalidity.html (1556 words)

	MDQ Validity and Predictive Values
		Indeed, the validity of the MDQ has been seriously challenged by Zimmerman and colleagues from Brown University, in a Commentary not available online; here are more details.
		Here is an analysis of predictive values at low to high prevalence rates, as in the main essay on MDQ interpretation in primary care.
		They find, as one might predict, that patients' lack of insight into their own hypo/mania is a very significant limiting factor for accurate diagnosis, just as it is in a one-on-one patient interview.
	www.psycheducation.org /PCP/validationStudies.htm (1537 words)

	GMAT Validity and U.S. Subgroups
		The study involved determining whether predictions of performance using GMAT® scores and undergraduate grades were as effective for underrepresented student groups as they are for all students generally.
		These programs were invited to participate in the minority validity study, which compared the predictive validity of the GMAT® exam for all major U.S. subgroups.
		Predictive validity is underestimated in VSS studies because of limitations caused by admitting only some of the applicants into the program.
	www.gmac.com /gmac/ResearchandTrends/AssessmentResearch/ValidityStudyService_related/GMATValidityandU.S.Subgroups.htm (277 words)

	Validity
		Definition: Validity can be defined as the agreement between a test score or measure and the quality it is believed to measure.
		Concurrent Validity: Is the test effective in predicting performance on a simultaneously administered criterion measure.
		The validity of a test is contingent upon its reliability and the psychometric properties of criterion tests.
	comp.uark.edu /~nlwilli/validity.htm (453 words)

	The NEP and Measurement Validity
		Validity is "a set of standards by which research can be judged" or "the best available approximation to the truth or falsity of a given inference, proposition, or conclusion" (Trochim web site).
		By construct validity we mean assessing how well an idea or concept is translated from the "land of theory" in your head to the land of reality into an actual measure or scale.
		In terms of the NEP, achieving construct validity (and thus achieving measurement validity) meant that Dunlap and Van Liere had to translate exactly what they meant by the new environmental paradigm, as well as develop an actual scale that could accurately measure whether or not this paradigm was in fact part of an individual's attitude-makeup.
	www.socialresearchmethods.net /tutorial/Pelstrng/validity.htm (1806 words)

	Assessment Validity - Sales Management Services (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Predictive Validity - Research data is collected on people new to the job to determine how well the assessment predicted their success down the road.
		Predictive Validity is considered a much more powerful support of a selection tool than is concurrent validity.
		It is also much more expensive and time consuming to conduct this kind of research and as a result, fewer selection tools on the market provide users with information on Predictive Validity.
	www.salesmanagementservices.com /omg/assessment-validity.htm (773 words)

	Predictive validity of the graduate record examination advanced psychology test for grade performance in graduate ...
		The purpose of this study was to investigate the predictive validity of the GRE Advanced Psychology Test for students' grade performance in selected graduate courses.
		Consequently, the purpose of this study was to investigate the predictive validity of the GRE Advanced Psychology Test for students' grade performance in their graduate courses.
		Validity coefficients were computed for the relationship between GRE scores and course grades.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0FCR/is_1_36/ai_85007765 (773 words)

	MPValidity2
		There are as many different sources of criterion validity evidence as there are criterion which could be correlated with the test score.
		For example, your score on the first test in one of your college classes could be correlated with your score on the second test, your score on the final exam, your grade in the class, your height, your g.p.a., and so forth.
		You use past examples of criterion-related evidence of validity as a tool to determine what kinds of inferences (interpretations) would be appropriate.
	www.unlv.edu /faculty/pjones/primer/mpvalid2.htm (615 words)

	Predictive Validity - Dave Kurlan Sales Force Profile
		Predictive Validity - Research data is collected on people one year after they were assessed to determine how well the assessment predicted their potential for growth.
		It is also much more expensive and time consuming to conduct this kind of research and as a result, fewer assessments on the market provide users with information on Predictive Validity.
		Since the managers are unaware of the original Kurlan predictions, their assessments provide an unbiased measure of actual growth.
	www.objectivemanagement.com /OMGPredictiveValidity.htm (469 words)

	[No title]
		Validity in social science research has several different components - some people feel there are only three components of validity, and others feel there are four components of validity.
		The theory behind content validity, as opposed to face validity, is that experts are aware of nuances in the construct that may be rare or elusive of which the layperson may not be aware.
		For a discusson of validity issues in the field of industrial and organizational psychology, this link discusses in highly technical terms, issues relating to content validity in particular, that come up when trying to measure for promotion or hiring.
	www.socialresearchmethods.net /tutorial/Rymarchk/rymar2.htm (1210 words)

	Psychometrics: Validity
		If the test has concurrent validity, it will accurately identify those who have tactile hypersensitivity and those who are normal.
		However, predictive studies are needed when these kids reach school age--to see if the MAP was accurate.
		Predictive validity takes a long time to establish and a test may have predictive validity studies going on for years.
	www.fiu.edu /~otweb/courses/3760/validityoutline.html (1111 words)

	Science Insights 6.5 -- GREs Predict
		The validity of science achievement tests is not limited to those taken in high school.
		This demonstration of a measure's validity should be especially rigorous and comprehensive when the proposal is to replace a predictor such as the GRE, which has strong validity demonstrated through massive validation efforts.
		In contrast to the charges that these standards are unfair, they argue that the use of valid criteria is essential to sound management of human and public capital.
	www.nas.org /publications/sci_newslist/6_5/c_gre_predicts.htm (793 words)

	Validity
		Validity asks how well a test measures what it purports to measure.
		Predictive validity: You either predict future performance, or you correlate performance on two tests separated by a decent time interval (SAT vs. GPA on report cards a year later.) If you see "expect", you are probably dealing with predictive validity.
		The validity coefficient of a measure is the square root of the reliability.
	carbon.cudenver.edu /~lsherry/rem/validity.html (981 words)

	New Page 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		For content validity, if a learner who has mastered the specified body of knowledge does poorly on the test, exercise, or project intended to measure this mastery, or conversely, if learners who have not mastered the material perform well, that particular assessment would have low content validity.
		So predictive validity is of greatest concern in occupational or educational selection and placement.
		For construct validity, taking IQ test for example, if a test taker who has high IQ performs poor in the test, or conversely, a test taker who has low IQ performs well in the test, then it can be said that this test has low construct validity.
	www.ucalgary.ca /~xhuiqing/Sf_validity.htm (345 words)

	The Predictive Validity of the GRE General Test for Disabled Students
		The predictive validity of the GRE scores obtained in nonstandard administrations was estimated with empirical Bayes procedures.
		The differences between actual and predicted grade point averages were more negative for disabled students, and the correlations between predicted and actual scores more modest than results for nonhandicapped students.
		In addition, a distinctive pattern was observed for disabled students: higher predicted FYA scores were accompanied by increased overprediction.
	www.ets.org /portal/site/ets/menuitem.c988ba0e5dd572bada20bc47c3921509/?vgnextoid=7f52457727df4010VgnVCM10000022f95190RCRD&vgnextchannel=dcb3be3a864f4010VgnVCM10000022f95190RCRD (297 words)

	Predictive Validity of the Test of Infant Motor Performance as Measured by the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor ...
		Predictive Validity of the Test of Infant Motor Performance as Measured by the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency at School Age -- Flegel and HA Kolobe 82 (8): 762 -- Physical Therapy
		Predictive Validity of the Test of Infant Motor Performance as Measured by the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency at School Age
		J Flegel, PT, MS, is Physical Therapist, Curative Rehabilitation Services, Milwaukee, Wis. She was a student at the University of Illinois at Chicago at the time this research was completed in partial fulfillment of the requirements for her Master of Science degree in physical therapy.
	www.ptjournal.org /cgi/content/full/82/8/762 (5103 words)

	Adult Outcomes of Child- and Adolescent-Onset Schizophrenia: Diagnostic Stability and Predictive Validity -- Hollis 157 ...
		validity of a diagnosis of schizophrenia in childhood and early
		validity of DSM-III-R schizophrenia in childhood and adolescence
		psychoses are unstable and are of doubtful validity (6, 15).
	ajp.psychiatryonline.org /cgi/content/full/157/10/1652 (4181 words)

	DDSM - Estimating Predictive Validity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Exclusion of these individuals from predictive validity and other statistics yields estimates based on a non-random sample of selectees.
		The methodology was based on a mathematical model in which the grades of course completers were distributed as the sum of truncated normal and normal variables.
		APPROPRIATE USES: To estimate the predictive validity of tests when selection bias is present and non-random attrition occurs.
	www.dtic.mil /dticasd/ddsm/closed/ddsm0105.html (239 words)

	Perspective Is Everything: The Predictive Validity of Six Working Alliance Instruments -- Fenton et al. 10 (4): 262 -- ...
		The predictive validity of instruments commonly used to measure
		Castonguay LG, Goldfried MR, Wiser S, et al: Predicting the effect of cognitive therapy for depression: a study of unique and common factors.
		Safran JD, Wallner LK: The relative predictive validity of two therapeutic alliance measures in cognitive therapy.
	jppr.psychiatryonline.org /cgi/content/full/10/4/262 (3031 words)

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