
	Where results make sense

Topic: Preference utilitarianism

Related Topics

Utilitarianism

Peter Singer

Moral relativism

Universal prescriptivism

Situational ethics

Utilitarian bioethics

Uses of torture in recent times

War on terrorism

Moral universalism

Jeremy Bentham

Oxymoron

Capitalism

Moral absolutism

Euthanasia

Torture

	Utilitarianism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Utilitarianism influenced economics, in particular utility theory, where the concept of utility is also used, although with quite different effect.
		Preference utilitarianism is a particular type of utilitarianism which defines the good to be maximized as the fulfillment of persons' preferences.
		Utilitarians argue that justification of either slavery, torture or murder would require improbably large benefits to outweigh the direct and extreme suffering to the victims and excludes the indirect impact of social acceptance of inhumane policies.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Utilitarianism (2616 words)

	Utilitarianism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Utilitarianism (from the Latin utilis, useful) is a theory of ethics based on quantitative maximisation of happiness for society or humanity.
		Utilitarianism was originally proposed in 18th century England by Jeremy Bentham and others, although it can be traced back to ancient Greek philosophers such as Parmenides.
		Preference utilitarianism is a particular type of utilitarianism which defines utility in terms of preference satisfaction.
	www.sevenhills.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Utilitarianism (2050 words)

	Utilitarianism - LearnThis.Info Enclyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Although Mill was a utilitarian, he argued that not all forms of pleasure are of equal value, using his famous saying "It is better to be Socrates dissatisfied, than a fool satisfied." He disagreed with Bentham's hedonic calculus holding that quality is better than quantity.
		Utilitarian anarchist William Godwin famously observed that if the life of the Archbishop of Cambray is preferable to the life of his chambermaid, the fact that the latter is my mother "would not alter the truth of the proposition".
		John Rawls rejects utilitarianism, both rule and act, on the basis that it makes rights depend on the good consequences of their recognition, and thus he argues that it is incompatible with liberalism.
	encyclopedia.learnthis.info /u/ut/utilitarianism.html (1372 words)

	Read about Utilitarianism at WorldVillage Encyclopedia. Research Utilitarianism and learn about Utilitarianism here! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		This would obviously violate the rights of the sixth man, but utilitarianism seems to imply that, given a purely binary choice between (1) killing the man and distributing his organs or (2) not doing so and the other five dying, violating his rights is exactly what we ought to do.
		Rule utilitarians respond that the rules (=laws) in the legal system which regulate such situations are not meaningless.
		Utilitarians argue that justification of either slavery, torture or murder would require improbably large benefits to outweigh the direct suffering to the victims and excludes the indirect impact of social acceptance of inhumane policies.
	encyclopedia.worldvillage.com /s/b/Utilitarianism (1903 words)

	Preference utilitarianism -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Preference utilitarianism is a particular variant of (Doctrine that the useful is the good; especially as elaborated by Jeremy Bentham and James Mill; the aim was said to be the greatest happiness for the greatest number) utilitarianism which defines utility in terms of preference satisfaction.
		Traditionally, utilitarians were (Someone motivated by desires for sensual pleasures) hedonists, believing that utility consists in pleasurable mental states.
		Since the person has a preference (or desire) for a good reputation, spreading rumors behind her back would harm her even if she never experienced any ill effects from it.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/p/pr/preference_utilitarianism.htm (277 words)

	Ian's World: Manifesto of the Moment: Utilitarian FAQ
		Utilitarians just keep adding patches to their theories to rectify specific criticisms, but the very fact that this is necessary demonstrates the bankruptcy of the Utilitarian approach.
		Utilitarians tend to be in favor of a substantial degree of freedom and autonomy on the part of people because that is an effective way of promoting their welfare in practice.
		Utilitarianism says that being a perfect utility maximizer is morally preferable to not being a perfect utility maximizer, but that is a matter of degree rather than of absolute "moral and immoral".
	ianmontgomerie.com /manifesto/utilitarianfaq.html (21866 words)

	Encyclopedia article on Utilitarianism [EncycloZine] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Utilitarianism is a suggested theoretical framework for morality, law and politics, based on quantitative maximisation of some definition of "utility" for society or humanity.
		Utilitarianism: "The greatest good for the greatest number." or: "The greatest good over the least pain." A theory that the morality of any action or law is defined by its utility.
		However, advocates of the Utilitarian principle (including Mill) were quick to suggest that the ultimate aim of negative utilitarianism would be to engender the quickest and least painful method of killing the entirity of humanity, as this ultimately would effectively minimise pain.
	encyclozine.com /Utilitarianism (2015 words)

	Utilitarianism - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Utilitarianism is a suggested theoretical framework for morality, based on quantitative maximisation of some definition of "utility" for society or humanity.
		Utilitarianism: "The greatest good for the most people." or: "The greatest good over the least pain." A theory that the morality of any action or law is defined by its utility.
		Hare is another example of a utilitarian who has adapted his philosophy to Kantianism.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Utilitarianism (1485 words)

	20th WCP: Preference-utilitarianism and Past Preferences
		Once we keep in mind that most preferences of the past are not of this kind, and since I will not be concerned with any of the other kinds of preferences of the past, I will henceforth refer to this kind of preferences as simply 'past preferences'.
		Surely we can understand what it would be like to satisfy preferences such as these even if it was the case that the preferrer at the later point no longer existed or did not any longer desire what he or she originally desired.
		A preference of this kind is defined as a preference for a state of affairs other than the experiences of the preferrer.
	www.bu.edu /wcp/Papers/Valu/ValuRonn.htm (6174 words)

	The world's top Utilitarianism websites (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		An explanation of what utilitarianism is, its strong relationship to altruism, and a place to network to put the philosophy of utilitarianism into practice and thereby make the world a better place.
		Utilitarian motives are combined with nihilistic principles to arrive at a new moral philosophy called "empathetic nihilism".
		Utilitarianism is considered both as a theory of what is right and a theory of what is good.
	dirs.org /dir-wiki.cfm/Top/Society/Philosophy/Ethics/Normative/Utilitarianism (1672 words)

	The New York Review of Books: RIGHT TO LIFE?
		This is true in the sense that Preference Utilitarianism directs us to maximize the satisfaction of existing preferences, but not in the sense that it directs us to create more beings with preferences that we can satisfy.
		That is why Preference Utilitarianism can hold that it would be bad deliberately to create a being most of whose preferences would be thwarted, and yet hold that it is not a good thing to create a being most of whose preferences will be satisfied.
		Preference Utilitarianism, thus construed, is admittedly a somber doctrine.
	www.nybooks.com /articles/7324 (930 words)

	AWvAR: Utilitarianism
		This is not the view that everyone should seek his or her own happiness, but rather that taking the moral point of view involves evaluating practices from the perspective of aggregate happiness, that is, in terms of the total or average happiness produced for everyone affected.
		Preference utilitarianism =df the view that morally right actions and institutions maximize aggregate preference satsifaction and/or minimize aggregate preference frustration or denial.
		But from the utilitarian point of view, this loss to aggregate happiness can be remedied by replacing the deceased individual with an equally happy individual.
	www-phil.tamu.edu /~gary/awvar/lecture/utilitarianism.html (790 words)

	Ethics and Animals Review: Laura Boyd (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Singer appeals to utilitarianism but is careful to make a distinction about the kind of utilitarianism he uses.
		In a classical utilitarian view, all that matters is the balance of pleasure and pain.
		Jamieson states that until Singer lays a serious foundation for his preferences and utility assignments, his "preference utilitarianism remains a mere hint of a theory".
	personal.ecu.edu /mccartyr/ethics/boyd.htm (717 words)

	In Defense of Preference-Satisfaction Utilitarianism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Many arguments against PAU are centered on its considering current actual preferences as the preferences to be maximized, but it is doubtful that any substantial ethical theory could be built upon these preferences.
		It is true that utilitarianism does not directly recognize the importance of the separateness of persons, but insofar as it is individual people who must act, and preferences are individuated according to the people who have them, it does not completely ignore peoples' separateness.
		Synchronic (now for now) preferences are the things people want now with relation to the world as it is. Asynchronic (now for then) preferences are desires for things now given the way the world might be in the future.
	www.bramson.net /academ/brink.html (6734 words)

	Hare's two-level utilitarianism
		He claims that this version answers the standard objections to utilitarianism better than any other version, and that it explains a lot of the reactions people have to the Bloggs-type cases from which we began.
		For to sincerely assent to an ought claim is to prefer that the thing in question be done, even if one had to occupy, successively, the positions of each and every one of the persons involved.
		Humans vary in their ability to think critically and to act on what they determine to be correct moral principles, and across time and varying circumstances, the same individual varies in these same ways.
	www-phil.tamu.edu /~gary/bioethics/ethicaltheory/hare.html (547 words)

	Virtue Ethics [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		It is an umbrella term, in that it encompasses a number of different theories, in the same sort of way in which consequentialism encompasses, for example, act, rule and preference utilitarianism.
		Initially, virtue ethics was characterised as a movement rivalling consequentialism and deontology, in that it focused on the central role of concepts such as character and virtue in moral philosophy.
		A utilitarian could accept the value of the virtue of kindness, but only because someone with a kind disposition is likely to bring about consequences that will maximize utility.
	www.iep.utm.edu /v/virtue.htm (7414 words)

	PhilosophyOnline Forums - Powered by XMB 1.9.1 Nexus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		PhilosophyOnline Forums » Moral Philosophy » preference utilitarianism » Reply
		Check out Will Kymlicka's 'Contemporary Political Philosophy' (OUP 2002) - Everything is made really clear and he outlines the main themes to look at and discuss - it's brilliant as an introduction or for higher study.
		My teacher is really confusing and was going on about welfare/utility and then about needs and it all got VERY confusing which is why i really had no idea what it was about, but i've got it now!
	www.philosophyonline.co.uk /forum/post.php?action=reply&fid=20&tid=11&repquote=206 (246 words)

	PhilosophyOnline Forums - Powered by XMB 1.9.1 Nexus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		PhilosophyOnline Forums » Moral Philosophy » preference utilitarianism
		basically ive bin taught that preference utilitarianism looks perform the act that maximises the number of people whose preferences are fullfilled instead of maximising pleasure.
		that it looked at maximising satisfaction of preferences rather than pleasure.
	www.philosophyonline.co.uk /forum/viewthread.php?tid=11 (194 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)