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Topic: Prehistoric Scotland

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Unstan Ware

1st millennium BC

History of Scotland

Stone Age

Crannog

2nd millennium BC

11th century BC

Ancient Britain

Scotland

Ross and Cromarty

Cramond

9th millennium BC

12th century BC

10th millennium BC

9000 BC

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	Scotland. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Scotland is separated from England by the Tweed River, the Cheviot Hills, the Liddell River, and Solway Firth.
		Scotland’s principal rivers are the Clyde, the Forth, the Dee, the Tay, and the Tweed.
		In the reign of William the Lion Scotland became a fief of England by a treaty extorted (1174) from William by Henry II.
	www.bartleby.com /65/sc/Scotland.html (3081 words)

	Prehistoric Scotland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Scotland is geologically alien to Europe, comprising a lost sliver of the ancient continent of Laurentia (which later formed the bulk of North America).
		During the Permian and Triassic periods, with the Iapetus Ocean entirely closed, Scotland lay near the centre of the Pangaean supercontinent.
		With Scotland now in the northern temperate zone, it was subjected to numerous glaciations in the Neogene and Quaternary periods, the ice sheets and their attendant glaciers carving the landscape into a typical postglacial one, overdeeping river valleys into the characteristic U-shape and leaving the upland areas covered with glacial corries and dramatic pyramidal peaks.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Prehistoric_Scotland (1685 words)

	SCOTLAND : Encyclopedia Entry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Scotland's only land border is with England, and runs for 96 kilometres (60 miles) between the River Tweed on the east coast and the Solway Firth in the west.
		The population of Scotland in the 2001 census was 5,062,011.
		Scotland's wildlife is typical of the north west of Europe although several of the larger mammals such as the brown bear, wolf and walrus were hunted to extinction in historic times.
	bibleocean.com /OmniDefinition/Scotland (5519 words)

	Concise Scottish History
		This was both good and bad for Scotland as it progressed in social aspects, bad in that it became a monarchy of Anglo-Saxon customs and idealogy, the Celtic customs eventually losing ground in most of Lowland Scotland.
		Scotland, although tied economically to England, began to think of itself as an independent state.
		As a result of the peace terms between Scotland and Norway, the Western Isles were restored to Scotland in 1266.
	www.angelfire.com /magic/scotlass/scothistory.html (2316 words)

	GO BRITANNIA! Scotland: A Brief History - Celtic Scotland
		In fact, three fifths of Scotland are mountain, hill and wind-swept moorland, unsuitable for agriculture and therefore not interesting to the Romans.
		It was not only the nature of the terrain that caused the Romans to abandon their attempts at conquest but the unimagined terrors of this Celtic world.
		At the time of the withdrawal, Scotland (Alba or Alban) was divided between four different races.
	www.britannia.com /celtic/scotland/scot2.html (997 words)

	Elegant Report
		Archaeological excavation of a building found in southern Scotland after 4000 BC found a rectilinear timber and stone mortuary house with massive D shaped posts lined by granite boulders and a timber facade with two interior posts, oak plank flooring, and cremated bone.
		In southern Scotland, a long bow over 6 feet long, made of imported yew, was dated to between 4000 BC and 3600 BC (Ashmore 1996).
		Scotland as a whole at that time was not blanketed by forest.
	www.tc.umn.edu /~call0031/dailylifeinneolithicscotland.html (8382 words)

	HISTORY OF SCOTLAND>
		Scotland comprises nine regions (Highland, Grampian, Tayside, Fife, Lothian, Central, Borders, Strathclyde, and Dumfries and Galloway), which are divided into districts, and three island authorities (Orkney Islands, Shetland Islands, and Western Isles).
		Scotland's participation in the benefits of the modern British welfare state has not lessened a persistent nationalist movement that urges greater autonomy for Scotland in the determination of local affairs.
		The oldest detailed history of Scotland is William Robertson, The History of Scotland during the Reigns of Queen Mary and of King James VI (1759).
	www.angelfire.com /nh/Scotland/historyofscotland.html (3054 words)

	History of Scotland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Scotland advanced markedly in educational terms during the fifteenth century with the founding of the University of St Andrews in 1413, the University of Glasgow in 1450 and the University of Aberdeen in 1494, and with the passing of the Education Act 1496.
		Oliver Cromwell invaded Scotland in 1650, and defeated the Scottish army in battles at Dunbar and Worcester.
		Scotland was to have 45 seats in the House of Commons, and a representation in the House of Lords.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_Scotland (8142 words)

	Scotland's Past - The Mesolithic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The numerous prehistoric monuments and sites which survive in Scotland include many that are widely known, but a great many more that are hardly ever visited.
		Having placed these prehistoric and Pictish survivals in their human and chronological setting, the author provides fully annotated alphabetical lists under subject headings.
		Scotland's first settlers arrived about 9000 years ago, once the land was freed from ice and after the climate had warmed.
	www.scotlandspast.org /mesolith4.cfm (747 words)

	Archaeoastronomy or Astroarchaeology - what is it?
		Such people sometimes have a shaky understanding of what is actually known about prehistoric societies, and are not disposed to read the literature to improve it, before launching into print with their own theories.
		This ignorance, combined with the monomania about one aspect of prehistoric culture which some astronomical investigators suffer from, has caused many archaeologists to be dismissive of and hostile to the whole subject.
		His work was based on surveys of hundreds of sites in Scotland, England, Wales and Brittany, and subsequent analysis of the results, which led him to believe that an eight, or even sixteen month solar calendar was in use in prehistoric times.
	www.stonesofwonder.com /archaeoa.htm (1174 words)

	Scotland's Past (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Studies at Callanish, Rum and elsewhere have suggested that the Mesolithic population of Scotland were actively reducing the woodland cover and encouraging grasslands and heather woods.
		After a 17th / 18th century deposit was removed the underlying layer was found to contain many very small pieces of flint and chert, in total 2500 pieces of struck chert and flint, including cores and tools as well as a large quantity of waste flakes were found.
		Other sites are known on the eastern coast of Scotland such as those at Broughty Ferry and Stannergate near Dundee but as they were discovered over a century ago their true worth was not realised.
	www.scotlandspast.org /mesolith2.cfm (1850 words)

	Prehistoric Scotland: Mesolithic Era
		Scotland's oldest fossil is dated to this period.
		Scotland collides with England as the land masses shift.
		In Scotland itself, the figures are considerably smaller being suggested at 250-500 individuals.
	members.aol.com /skyelander/prehist1.html (862 words)

	The Society of Neolithic Scotland
		There is some evidence in Europe that some kind of tribal warfare existed and, if we draw parallels from other hunter gatherer societies that survived into the 20th century, it is not unlikely that life in the Neolithic was as peaceable as some believe.
		In addition to possible conflict with other family groups, we have to remember that Scotland was not as tame then as it is now.
		It is assumed that clothing was woven from plant fibres such as nettles or from animal hair but the only evidence is in the form of impressions on pottery.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/history_scotland/65768 (483 words)

	Intro to Scotland
		Since there are no records of Scotland's inhabitants, prior to the Mesolithic period we will start there and have a little look at what these people were like.
		Kilmartin Glen is of huge prehistorical importance, this area has around 350 ancient monuments within a 6 mile radius of the village of Kilmartin, 150 of these monuments being prehistoric.
		During the Bronze age, bronze copper and gold came into use, there is evidence of trade in some of the items made in metals as Scotland does not have the tin needed to mix with copper to make bronze.
	bumblebee-designs.com /prehscotland.html (1508 words)

	Prehistoric Sites in Scotland - A Photo Gallery
		here are many hundreds of prehistoric monuments scattered around the Scottish mainland and its many islands.
		The cairn is one of several prehistoric sites which form an alignment over 1.8 miles (3 km) of the
		All three chambers were found to contain burials by cremation and inhumation.
	homepage.ntlworld.com /mjpowell/Photo_Archive/Scotland/Scotland_1.htm (832 words)

	Prehistoric sites in Scotland
		Scotland knows a long history and the early inhabitants were quite zealous in the building of structures; stone circles, graves and fortifications.
		Here we show a few pictures of prehistoric tombs and stone circles we have visited, but we haven't seen many yet.
		In the north of Scotland there are several places with rows of standing stones, in a straight line in contrary to the stone circles.
	www.teije.nl /schotland/sch_oudheid_en.htm (1514 words)

	The Story of Leith - I. Leith in Prehistoric and Roman Times
		It takes us back to prehistoric times, times of which there is no written history, because the rude, uncivilized people of those days could, of course, neither read nor write.
		The materials of unwritten history are to be found in caves, rock shelters, and underground dwellings, in river beds, in drained lochs, in hill forts, and in the memorials erected to their dead by the prehistoric races.
		For our knowledge of the Roman campaigns in Scotland we have to depend largely, though not altogether, upon the materials of unwritten history, and to gather their story from the remains the Romans left behind them—their camps and their forts, and the objects lying buried there beneath the surface.
	www.electricscotland.com /HISTORY/leith/1.htm (2799 words)

	Antiquity, Reviews: Pioneering approaches to prehistoric Scotland
		Set in Stone, New Approaches to Neolithic Monuments in Scotland's explanatory title begs the question: 'what are these new approaches?' This is an interesting collection of papers in that it is not a traditional conference publication, but an amalgamation of papers drawn from several meetings, all held at Cardiff University.
		As most contributors are not dealing with Scotland as a whole, but with specific areas or regions, it is feasible for them to look at setting in detail.
		Fieldwalking is all too rare in Scotland and it is good to see it used as a valid contribution to interpretation.
	antiquity.ac.uk /reviews/wickham-jones.html (2229 words)

	Stone Pages Archaeo News: The impact of a volcanic eruption to prehistoric Scotland
		The impact of a volcanic eruption to prehistoric Scotland
		In Scotland the whole of the west coast was devastated.
		A sulphuric cloud of ash and acid rain fell on the land, a tsunami raced across the sea and the sun was hidden for years.
	www.stonepages.com /news/archives/001874.html (546 words)

	Links.Home
		Through a series of lessons and illustrations, it traces the cultural evolution of humanity in the Aegean basin from the era of hunting and gathering (Palaeolithic-Mesolithic) through the early village farming stage (Neolithic) and the formative period of Aegean civilization into the age of the great palatial cultures of Minoan Crete and and Mycenaean Greece.
		Pylos Regional Archaeological Project: is a multi-disciplinary, diachronic archaeological expedition formally organized in 1990 to investigate the history of prehistoric and historic settlement and land use in western Messenia in Greece, in an area centered on the Bronze Age administrative center known as Palace of Nestor.
		Prehistoric Grampian: A site dealing with the many and varied monuments of Aberdeenshire and the Grampians.
	www.odysseyadventures.ca /links.htm (1172 words)

	Scotland: History
		Scotland became a fief of England by a treaty extorted (1174) from William by Henry II.
		Although Scotland, like England, was somewhat divided in opinion, the great majority opposed the king, and Charles's efforts to win the Scots by yielding rights to Presbyterianism in 1641 came too late to sway the 8th earl of
		Scotland's commercial interests nursed economic grievances against William, primarily for his failure to support the
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/world/A0860983.html (2077 words)

	Scotsman.com News - Scotland - Prehistoric pottery is found at bridge site (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		ARCHAEOLOGISTS have uncovered what they believe is the broadest range of elaborately decorated prehistoric pottery ever found in Scotland, at the site for the new Kincardine Bridge.
		The discovery shows that large groups of Scotland's first settlers crossed over the River Forth at the site of the new bridge up to 6,000 years ago.
		Excavations have uncovered prehistoric settlements dating from around 4,000BC, when hunter-gatherers, who previously moved along Scotland's coasts, established the first permanent communities.
	news.scotsman.com /scotland.cfm?id=900472006 (438 words)

	Prehistoric.org.uk - A guide to prehistoric monuments in the UK (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The countryside of the UK is endowed with a fantastic wealth of prehistoric structures - stone circles, long barrows, round barrows, henges, brochs and standing stones.
		The objective of these pages is to heighten awareness of the prehistoric past that surrounds us and in doing so help to protect this precious gift of our ancestors.
		Directions, grid references and a link to a map are given for each featured site enabling the reader to find them and reach their own conclusions.
	www.prehistoric.org.uk (594 words)

	[No title]
		STONE AGE FARMERS BESIDE THE SEA: Scotland's Prehistoric Village of Skara Brae
		Inhabited from 3100 to 2500 B.C., Skara Brae lay buried by shifting sands until uncovered by a storm in 1850.
		Accompanied by clear, informative, full-color photos, Arnold's narrative deftly recounts the design of the stone houses, how they were built, the daily life of the farming inhabitants, how this prehistoric period of Orkney history ends, and why Skara Brae remains of lasting significance.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/1264/bookfiles/stone.html (625 words)

	Lamson Library
		Scotland And Her Tartans : The Romantic Heritage Of The Scottish Clans And Families
		Farmers, Temples And Tombs : Scotland In The Neolithic And Early Bronze Age
		Thistle And Thyme; Tales And Legends From Scotland
	www.plymouth.edu /library/opac/subjkey/scotland (78 words)

	Scotsman.com News - Scotland - Prehistoric pine puts down new roots in Scotland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Prehistoric pine puts down new roots in Scotland
		A RARE prehistoric tree thought to have been extinct for millions of years is to be the centrepiece of a newly refurbished tourist attraction in Scotland.
		The Wollemi pine covered large swathes of the planet more than 65 million years ago, but botanists believed it had been wiped out at around the same time as the dinosaurs and remained only in fossilised form.
	news.scotsman.com /scotland.cfm?id=4022005 (495 words)

	BBC News \| SCOTLAND \| Nuts give clue to 'oldest' Scots site
		They have uncovered a temporary encampment in Cramond which is thought to be more than 10,000 years old.
		In what has been described as "the most important discovery of prehistoric Scotland", the remains have been carbon dated to 8,500 BC.
		Links to more Scotland stories are at the foot of the page.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/scotland/1352091.stm (254 words)

	Amazon.co.uk: Celtic Scotland (Historic Scotland S.): Books: Ian Armit (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Written in a style designed to appeal to general as well as academic readers, this book examines the nature of "Celticness" and, through the evidence of ancient monuments, objects and written accounts, explores the essence of prehistoric Scotland.
		It traces the development of society in Scotland, from fragmented Iron Age tribes, into Picts, Scots and Britons, and uses reconstruction drawings and photographs to illustrate what Celtic life was like.
		Loads with colour pictures, B & W and ariel photos, he covers the brochs and vitrified stone fortresses that cover a lot of Scotland.
	www.amazon.co.uk /Celtic-Scotland-Historic-Ian-Armit/dp/0713475382 (400 words)

	ART HISTORY RESOURCES ON THE WEB: Prehistoric Art
		Asian Prehistoric Cultures (part of Before History: Prehistoric Artifacts in the Logan Museum of Anthropology, Beloit College)
		Prehistoric Art in the The State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, Russia
		Prehistoric Art of the Pyrenees, an exhibition, April 3 - July 8 1996, Musée des Antiquités nationales- Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye (Castle), with a link to the:
	witcombe.sbc.edu /ARTHprehistoric.html (1122 words)

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