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Topic: Prehistoric archaeology

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	MSN Encarta - Archaeology
		Archaeology is an important field of anthropology, which is the broad study of human culture and biology.
		Archaeology plays a major role in the study of early civilizations, such as those of the Sumerians of Mesopotamia, who built the city of Ur, and the ancient Egyptians, who are famous for the pyramids near the city of Giza and the royal sepulchres (tombs) of the Valley of the Kings at Thebes.
		Prehistoric archaeology is practiced by archaeologists known as prehistorians and deals with ancient cultures that did not have writing of any kind.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761572159/Archaeology.html (1482 words)

	Prehistoric archaeology -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		A transitional phase of protohistory or (additional info and facts about protohistoric archaeology) protohistoric archaeology may exist where written records provide a limited picture of the society in question.
		Without history to provide evidence for names, places and motivations, prehistoric archaeologists speak in terms of (A particular society at a particular time and place) cultures which can only be given arbitrary modern names relating to the locations of known occupation sites or the (A man-made object taken as a whole) artefacts used.
		Such a lack of concrete information means that prehistoric archaeology is a contentious field and the arguments that rage over it have done much to inform (additional info and facts about archaeological theory) archaeological theory.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/p/pr/prehistoric_archaeology.htm (363 words)

	Introduction Prehistoric Archaeology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		New data on late prehistoric Indonesia show that local developments were the key to the formation of the Indonesian kingdoms which existed at the beginning of history.
		In the early 1920s the first prehistoric research in Indonesia was limited by lack of qualified personnel.
		Prehistoric Indonesian societies during the transition to the historic period were in the Agricultural Period or the following Agriculture and MetalUsing Period.
	www.arkeologi.net /prehistory.php (1778 words)

	The Society for Historical Archaeology - Futures in Historical Archaeology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The strengths of the program include: the archaeology of culture contact and change; ethnic identity, and the formation of multiethnic and Diasporic communities; household archaeology; and gender and family archaeology.
		The archaeology faculty at Berkeley is very active in field research, with projects in North America, the Caribbean, Europe, Polynesia, and Japan.
		The archaeology graduate students are a close-knit community numbering around 50 and consisting of students working in a broad range of theoretical, geographical, methodological and chronological arenas.
	www.sha.org /Futures/gradscho/colcalb.htm (609 words)

	Archaeology and Prehistoric Mississippi
		Archaeology is a growing field today because of the high level of interest in the field and because of laws that prevent construction projects from destroying an accidentally discovered site until studied or evaluated by an archaeologist.
		Prior to the lesson on archaeology and prehistoric times, the teacher will instruct each student to bring an artifact from their home.
		One traveling trunk is “Prehistoric Archaeology and Mississippi.” The trunk contains information that can be used to teach how archaeologists use artifacts to reconstruct the day-to-day lives of Native Americans who did not leave written records of their societies.
	teacherexchange.mde.k12.ms.us /mhnlp/archaeologylp.htm (1297 words)

	Archaeology & Prehistoric MS
		Archaeology is that branch of anthropology that investigates people's past by studying their material remains.
		During the prehistoric period that began some 12,000 years ago in present-day Mississippi, Indians were the only inhabitants in the area.
		Indians had established thousands of prehistoric settlements in Mississippi because of the area’s favorable environmental factors: abundant plant and animal life, warm climate, fertile soils, and navigable rivers and streams.
	mshistory.k12.ms.us /features/feature32/archaeology.html (1642 words)

	Rock Art and Prehistoric Archaeology
		Especially in Germany the study of rock art is rejected by professionals as more or less exotic or even dubious, with scant regard for the possibilities of new cognition about prehistoric cultures and cultural interrelations offered by this kind of source.
		This means: our sources – stone tools, bronzes, pottery fragments from graves, hoards and settlements – provide only a tiny, random excerpt of the richness of a former culture whose value for their users we do not know.
		It was the intention of this contribution to draw attention to a rich and widely-spread kind of source which is hardly noticed in prehistoric studies in Central Europe and often even rejected as not serious.
	www.uf.uni-erlangen.de /felskunst/rockarch.html (3530 words)

	A Glossary of Manitoba Archaeology>
		Although Besant is here classed as Late Prehistoric, the bow (one of the defining traits of this period) was not in use in the earlier portions of this phase.
		In prehistoric Manitoba this was restricted to copper and recent evidence indicates that temperatures of up to l000 C were often applied to render the substance less brittle.
		This phenomenon is of particular importance in Manitoba archaeology as the south-to-north tilting of the landscape due to the retreat of the Wisconsinan ice sheet influenced the shoreline of glacial Lake Agassiz and thus the areas which were available for human occupation.
	www.umanitoba.ca /faculties/arts/anthropology/manarchnet/appendices/glossary.html (19088 words)

	links
		Its aim is "to advance the profession of archaeology by seeking to promote development, education, contact, regulation, high standards and public dissemination of its work." The website provides information on the Association itself, details of its annual conference, and its journal, the Journal of Irish Archaeology.
		Journal of Irish Archaeology: published at irregular intervals since 1983 but now more or less annual, this journal is intended as a forum for discussion and debate on all aspects of archaeology with particular reference to Ireland.
		Also based on Achill: Ceramics in Archaeology Course This is an intensive course in the identification and classification of ceramics from the Neolithic to the Post-Medieval.
	www.xs4all.nl /~tbreen/links.html (7398 words)

	Amazon.co.uk: Prehistoric Britain: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The background to prehistoric Britain is first presented in terms of the development of interest in the subject and the changes wrought by new techniques such as radiocarbon dating, and new theories such as the emphasis on social archaeology.
		The central chapters then trace the development of society from the hunter-gatherer groups of the last Ice Age, through the adoption of farming, the introduction of metalworking, on to the rise of highly organized societies living on the fringes of the mighty Roman Empire in the first century AD.
		There is also a companion book called 'Prehistoric Britain From The Air', which delves further into the subject, picking out specific sites and areas, and explaining more about their origin and function.
	www.amazon.co.uk /exec/obidos/ASIN/041515135X (858 words)

	Robert, Linda Braidwood, pioneers in prehistoric archaeology
		Robert Braidwood also advanced the scientific study of archaeology by recruiting to his teams a number of botanists, zoologists, geologists and other specialists who provided additional insights about the communities he was studying.
		Braidwood introduced the idea of the testable hypothesis to archaeology, and he was the first to use archaeological survey to investigate an entire region.
		In 1947, the Braidwoods established the Prehistoric Project at the Oriental Institute to study the transition from hunting and gathering to farming.
	chronicle.uchicago.edu /030123/braidwood.shtml (885 words)

	Southampton Archaeology - Later Prehistoric Pottery Gazetteer - Results
		A preliminary report on the Late Prehistoric Pottery Gazetteer was submitted to English Heritage at the end of March 1997.
		Of particular interest was the impact of the 'recent' techniques of archaeological intervention, namely evaluations, watching briefs and pipeline investigations, upon the recovery of later prehistoric pottery collections, the highly variable and regionalised nature of which is demonstrated by the summary statistics provided below for the counties of Hampshire and Northamptonshire.
		The survey discovered that all of these methods are under-utilised and require concerted effort of application in the future both on single-site collections and within a research framework of regional investigations for solving problems.
	www.arch.soton.ac.uk /research/potterysurvey/results.html (331 words)

	FAQ-Career in Archaeology in the U.S.
		Archaeology in the Classroom, edited by Tracy Cullen and Wendy O'Brien is available from the American Institute of Archaeology ($10.50 + $4.00 shipping and handling for nonmembers, Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company, Order Department, 4050 Westmark Drive, Dubuque, IA 52002).
		The Archaeology of North America by Kevin Callahan at the University of Minnesota (http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Oracle/2596/index.html).
		Archaeology on the Net includes links to archaeology web sites and information on new books of interest to archaeologists (http://www.serve.com/archaeology/).
	www.museum.state.il.us /ismdepts/anthro/dlcfaq.html (3592 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The first historic record of them was written by European explorers in the sixteenth century, so we refer to the archaeology of Maine's Native American inhabitants as "prehistoric" archaeology.
		Ninety-five percent or more of known prehistoric habitation/workshop sites in Maine are located adjacent to canoe-navigable water (coast, lake, river, stream, swamp) or "fossil" (former) waterways or shorelines of the same types.
		One of the first actions in 1976 was to establish survey priorities for the new science of historic archaeology in Maine.
	www.state.me.us /mhpc/archaeol.htm (1305 words)

	Bibliographies for Anthropological Research -- Tennessee Archaeology Net
		Ontario Archaeology Abstracts of the Journal of the Ontario Archaeological Society (1954-1999).
		Novels set in prehistoric times or in which the principal characters are members of a prehistoric society.
		A Bibliography of Northern Saskatchewan Archaeology and Prehistory.
	www.mtsu.edu /~kesmith/TNARCHNET/Pubs/Res_Bib.html (1132 words)

	Aegean Prehistory Web Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The site is the final publication of a work, made during a seminar, part of the Aegean Archaeology course in the Venice University (Italy).
		University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology
		There are other sections too, mainly one dedicated to archaeology.
	lettere.unive.it /materiale_didattico/archeologia_egea/engl1.htm (2389 words)

	The Jomon Period in Japan
		These periods are comparable to the Neolithic, Bronze Age and Iron Age seen in the rest of the Old World, but the Japanese have given each period its own name to reflect its unique Japanese character.
		Archaeology is still done on remains post-dating the Kofun Period, but it falls into the realm of "historic" archaeology.
		Some unique features to the prehistoric archaeology of Japan are: 1) the fairly late adoption of domesticated plants and animals; 2) the absence of a formal Bronze and
	www.nbz.or.jp /eng/prehistoric.htm (513 words)

	Prehistoric Society - Past No. 35
		For these jobs, and in her later roles as Lecturer in Archaeology and Course Organiser for related humanities subjects for New College, Southampton, her undisputed abilities as a communicator and organiser were allowed full reign.
		This, and her interest in the "forgotten" women of Archaeology were important facets of her work in her last few years.
		We were reminded of the fate of the unfortunate prehistoric deer who fell into the shaft by the sight of an ex-rabbit who had recently suffered a similar demise.
	www.ucl.ac.uk /prehistoric/past/past35.html (7844 words)

	Archaeology in Lewis
		Geraint Coles and carried out by Department of Archaeology undergraduate students and graduate supervisors, was successful in locating and recording possible post-medieval archaeology in the vicinity of the farmhouse around which the Centre was developed.
		Experimental archaeology carried out during the 1980's at the Callanish Archaeological Resource Centre (Harding and Topping, 1986) is inextricably linked to the continuing evaluation of the environmental resources and pressures on the islands.
		The survey examined coastal erosion, archaeology and coastal geomorphology within a 100 metre band from the active eroding edge and recorded over 1000 previously unrecorded monuments of all periods from prehistoric to late 19th century.
	www.arcl.ed.ac.uk /arch/lewis (3385 words)

	Belfast Telegraph (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Indeed, the thing that was most archaeological about these lectures was the obsolescence of some of the claims being made with blithe disregard for the fact that these claims have been overturned by actual evidence.
		One of the pieces of misinformation that still hangs on in Irish archaeology is the more or less woolly notion that there were no red deer in Ireland during a large part of the Mesolithic (Middle Stone Age), the latter spanning from abut 9,500 years ago to about 5,500 years ago.
		My discoveries in Fermanagh since 1984 have shown without doubt that (1) red deer were in Ireland in the late Ice Age (say around 13,000 years ago), before the Mesolithic and that (2) Later Mesolithic humans in Ireland were associated in a major way with red deer.
	www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk /news/letters/story.jsp?story=627212 (239 words)

	Teaching Chinese Archaeology, Part One - NGA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Initially this ruling group appears to have been a theocracy; by the Bronze Age it would give way to a military elite, headed by a series of kings whose right to rule was based on ancestral lineage.
		They come from the Hongshan, Yangshao, Liangzhu, and Taosi Longshan cultures (see map 1) and were recovered from gravesites near encampments or the remains of ancient villages.
		The vast majority of finds at these sites are pottery vessels and, to a lesser extent, tools and other objects made of jade, bone, and stone.
	www.nga.gov /education/chinatp_pt1.htm (482 words)

	Mediterranean Archaeology Resources
		Archaeology An official publication of the Archaeological Institute of America
		Mediterranean Archaeology The Australian and New Zealand Journal for the Archaeology of the Mediterranean World
		The Prehistoric Archaeology of the Aegean (by J. Rutter)
	www.geocities.com /i_georganas/main.html (289 words)

	MN Office of State Archaeologist - Archaeologist Week
		Under MN Statutes 138.31-138.42, licensure through the OSA is required for field archaeology undertaken on all lands or waters owned, leased by or subject to the paramount right of the state or its subdivisions, as well as on lands impacted by publicly-funded development projects.
		Proposed projects are reviewed to assess the appropriateness of research methodology and to assist in identifying strategies for mitigating potential adverse effects to known cultural resources.
		Only professional archaeologists meeting the Secretary of the Interior's Standards for Archaeology (36 CFR Part 61) may be licensed to conduct such investigations in the state of Minnesota.
	www.admin.state.mn.us /osa (269 words)

	BU_level2
		Curtis N. Runnels is a specialist in the prehistoric archaeology of the Aegean world, with a special interest in the Stone Age.
		Curtis Runnels, 2002, The Archaeology of Heinrich Schliemann: An Annotated Bibliographic Handlist.
		Curtis Runnels, 2000, “Anthropogenic Soil Erosion in Prehistoric Greece: The Contribution of Regional Surveys to the Archaeology of Environmental Disruptions and Human Response,” in G. Bawden and R. Ryecraft, eds., Environmental Disaster and the Archaeology of Human Response, pp.
	www.bu.edu /archaeology/faculty/runnels.htm (476 words)

	Readings in Illinois Archaeology
		By a recent count, more than 10,000 technical reports, articles, and monographs have been written on Illinois archaeology, and there are probably triple that number of unpublished papers on the subject.
		Jeske, Robert J. The Archaeology of the Chain O'Lakes Region in Northeastern Illinois.
		Pauketat, Timothy R. A Guide to the Prehistoric and Native Cultures of SW Illinois and the Greater St. Louis Area.
	www.museum.state.il.us /iaaa/readings.htm (1527 words)

	field school: archaeology field schools
		An accredited summer historical archaeology field school in the 17th century town of St George, Bermuda.
		An accredited industrial archaeology/historical archaeology field school based at Coalbrookdale, investigating the archaeology of the origins of the industrial revolution.
		An accredited landscape archaeology field school in Exmoor, UK, run in parallel with the Bristol University Widening Participation Initiative.
	www.bris.ac.uk /Depts/Archaeology/fieldschools/fieldschool (362 words)

	Contact Address List: New Zealand Archaeologists and Related Experts
		Interests: archaeological excavation and survey; environmental/landscape archaeology; human-environment relationships; AMS C14, sedimentary and geochemical analyses of site formation processes; New Zealand prehistory and contact period archaeology; Archaeology of Mainland SE Asia.
		University of Southampton Department of Archaeology (Lecturer) Archaeology of the Pacific, particularly Polynesia, and the Pacific Northwest coast of America.
		Particular interests: gardening in prehistoric NZ; prehistoric and early historic Maori population size and distribution; fortifications.
	www.nzarchaeology.org /nzaa%20archaeologists%20email/Archlist.htm (893 words)

	Archaeology
		Archaeology by Gillian Thornhill discusses the effects of the second millenium BC explosion of Thera on the bronze-age civilization of Crete.
		Hypogeum describes the prehistoric burial chambers of the Hal-Saflieni Hypogeum on Malta.
		Prehistoric Archaeology of the Aegean by Dartmouth University surveys the history of the Aegean from the stone age to the twelfth century B.C. Includes a bibliography, glossary, and links to related sites.
	www.pibburns.com /archaeo.htm (1925 words)

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