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Topic: Prehistoric music

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	Historical Development of North Indian Music
		The musical career of Tansen is another landmark in the development of Indian Music (Mital 1960).
		The primary musical vehicle for the conveyance of this emotion is rag.
		Music and Musical Instruments of Southern India and the Deccan by C.R.Day.
	chandrakantha.com /articles/indian_music/objective.html (1138 words)

	Music and the Brain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Music seems to be one of the basic actions of humans.
		Music can also be used to change a person's mood, and has been found to cause like physical responses in many people simultaneously.
		Classical music from the baroque period causes the heart beat and pulse rate to relax to the beat of the music.
	www.cerebromente.org.br /n15/mente/musica.html (2549 words)

	Listen to the sunrise.
		Music is yet another strange aspect of human life that makes us seem different than other living things.
		In the ugly social microcosm of suburban public schools, as i am willing to venture is the case in many situations, people are defined in the eyes of others by the music they enjoy, which is often expected to dictate what clothes they wear and what people they associate with.
		Dancing to music is a complex social activity which also seems basically exclusive to humans.
	members.aol.com /dowcet/neurons/Music.htm (555 words)

	Ancient Lothian - Music - Prehistory - Introduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The study of prehistoric music is problematised by the simple fact that, by definition, no musical scores survive from pre-literate societies which had not yet developed writing or musical notation.
		Moreover, we can also cautiously infer what kinds of social function music may have had in prehistoric cultures from the contexts in which archaeological finds are made, and from the level of crafting, forms of design and ornamentation which characterise them.
		Equally, the study of prehistoric music as a whole has been neglected due to the traditional emphasis of musicology on written scores and thus, by default, the historical period.
	www.cyberscotia.com /ancient-lothian/pages/music-prehistory-intro.html (395 words)

	On the Cycle of 5ths & 'The 7-Note Solution' Why Are So Many Music Scales Found Only 7 Notes Long?
		The overtones of my "trio" of intervals, he asserted, had nothing to do with it, and were usually not pitched in nature close enough to acoustic intervals to tune the scale as true to the consonant ratios that the scales could attain if tuned through use of the cycle of 5ths.
		Thus the math of the cycle of 5ths is irrelevant to the issue of the origin of music.
		On the other hand, in tonal music, only 7 of the 12 semitones are used, and sometimes, if a "fl key" is used, it is aptly called an "accidental" indicating it doesn't normally belong to the scale in use.
	www.greenwych.ca /cycl-5-2.htm (4431 words)

	History of Music - The Method Behind the Music (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Meanwhile in China, music was progressing also: it was reported that in 612 CE there were orchestras with hundreds of musicians performing for the assorted dynasties.
		Although the specific music from this period in China is unknown, the distinct style supposed to have developed there is reflected even in recent orchestral Asiatic pieces.
		The history of music at this point is best told by the styles that emerged and the composers who lived after the Renaissance.
	www.numbera.com /musictheory/history/history.aspx (860 words)

	Prehistoric Music Ireland - Introduction
		In recent years however, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of the prehistoric musical instrument collection and the very large contribution that it can offer to our knowledge of the evolvement and interaction of civilisation in prehistory.
		Yet many images of musicians occur and musical traditions are still practiced today that may have their origins in prehistory.
		It is possible that unanswered mysteries may be solved or reinforced through discoveries made in the study of prehistoric music and instruments.
	homepage.eircom.net /~bronzeagehorns/index.html (228 words)

	Apocryphal History of Music
		The first music was performed by cavemen, who would produce music by banging their fists rhythmically against rocks.
		Of course, the musical scale in the Middle Ages consisted of only three notes, and besides, Pope John already knew the song he was sightreading, so it wasn't such a great feat after all.
		Also, church music was becoming increasingly popular, to the point where it was being performed in theaters and called "oratorios".
	www.geocities.com /Vienna/Strasse/1570/apoc.htm (2720 words)

	May 2005 Feature: Orkney Music Project
		Music is found in all societies, and Orkney would have been no exception, but we had to decide what kind of sounds might have charmed Orcadian ears during a period of around 5500 years.
		We have lyre music on Out of the Stones too, played with a plectrum by Bob Evans of Cardiff, and almost rock and roll in spirit, although the music is based on ancient Bardic accompaniment patterns.
		He’s joined by his musical partner Mary Ann Roberts, who contributes some strikingly dramatic sung performances of early poetry which comes from the British kingdoms of what is now Southern Scotland, and could have been heard in Orkney as early as the 7th century.
	www.hi-arts.co.uk /may05_feature_orkney_music_project.htm (2447 words)

	Music
		Many scholars of “world music” study behaviors and sounds that are not considered to be “music” by the people who make it—the chanting of the Koran, for instance.
		Music has much in common with language, and the two are almost inseparable as ingredients in popular song, opera, and other musical forms.
		Music has been used to strengthen the power of governments, sell cars, foment revolution, and convert souls to a particular religion.
	chnm.gmu.edu /worldhistorysources/unpacking/musicwhatmakes.html (658 words)

	SoundtrackNet : Prehistoric Park Soundtrack (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		A number of the cues on the album, which is just under an hour long, are accompaniment music to underscore scenes in the documentary and drag the album down a bit.
		The music then stops before exploding into a brass-dominated statement of the theme backed by the full orchestra in a triumphant variation.
		This is an impressive score for a prehistoric CGI documentary and should be worth checking out, as should the documentary, if it ever reaches America.
	www.soundtrack.net /soundtracks/database/?id=4400 (422 words)

	Musical scale
		In traditional Western music, scale degrees are most often separated by equally tempered tones or semitones, creating at most, twelve pitches.
		Many other musical traditions employ scales that include other intervals or a different number of pitches.
		music, which has a variety of modes which are used not only as
	www.mp3.fm /Musical_scale.htm (526 words)

	Albion Central School District
		Introduction to Musical Theatre is a 10 week course and must be taken in conjunction with Beginning Music Theory.
		Further, the student is to bring their own music, instrument, lesson book (acquired by purchase through the band director) and other pertinent items for their lessons.
		While striving to maintain its own identity through various parades and competitions, it is understood that a primary function of the Marching Band is to contribute to the support of the school and the community at various events throughout the year.
	www.albionk12.org /schools/high/music.html (1230 words)

	Digital Music News: Insider Blogs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		If I were to offer my prediction for the future of the music business I would start with where we are now: Income from recorded music has declined 20% throughout the world in the last several years.
		The music became part of the boomer's very identity and their vision of the world and their future.
		The music is just not as huge in their life as, for example, Bob Dylan was to the lives of their parents.
	www.digitalmusicnews.com /blog/84 (1670 words)

	Open Directory - Kids and Teens:Arts:Music
		With the onset of the Renaissance in 1465, the rules of music changed significantly, and the history of music from this time onwards is traced in categories about styles, instruments and composers.
		Music piracy is the term coined for the illegal distribution of music, generally over the Internet.
		Musical styles, or genres, are categories which contain music that has certain elements in common.
	dmoz.org /Kids_and_Teens/Arts/Music/desc.html (1972 words)

	Dolmetsch Online - Music Dictionary Po - Pz
		The music's 'lute' origins are found in the broken chords, the profusion of embellishments, the spacing of the voices, even the emphasis on dance music.
		Music is an important part of Pygmy life, and casual performances take place during many of the day's events.
		He found that the interval of an octave is rooted in the ratio 2:1, that of the fifth in 3:2, that of the fourth in 4:3, and that of the whole tone in 9:8.
	www.dolmetsch.com /defsp3.htm (9363 words)

	Donald Cannon
		This research, then, will focus on musical instruments and the social and physical contexts for ritual as a means of understanding changes in the degree of political complexity and leadership across time and space in the prehistoric Pueblo world.
		Second, music is a common element of ceremony worldwide, and while details of actions and paraphernalia differ, the universality of music allows meaningful comparison.
		My preliminary results suggest that different kinds of musical instruments were used in different contexts, depending on the needs of the communities and the strategies of their social leaders.
	www.columbia.edu /~kmh55/donaldcannon.htm (3829 words)

	Tucson Weekly : Music : Prehistoric Rock
		In the process, you also may learn a little about the hard-rock band Queens of the Stone Age, which is scheduled for a March 1 appearance at the Rialto Theater.
		Maybe you finish off with some thoughtful analysis of the artist's climb to fame, making it clear that you were listening to his/her music long before it was popular with the masses.
		The group combines snarling metal and punk, sludgy proto-rock and the occasional Beatlesque pop music and avant-garde noise in a palatable, though somewhat ironic, whole.
	www.tucsonweekly.com /gbase/Music/Content?oid=46654 (1094 words)

	Internet Archive: Details: Prehistoric Women
		Judging by the women in this entertainingly daft film, the female prehistoric diet was extremely healthy.
		These are names of people or things in the newer movie, and in Prehistoric Woman they denote more of an action type word.
		One funny aspect of this movie is that of the time of fire discovery-- there are also already the inventions of ladders and rope!
	www.archive.org /details/prehistoric-1950 (323 words)

	BOOKS, ORIGIN OF MUSIC, ANCIENT MUSIC, CLASSICAL SHEETMUSIC AND HISTORY/ARTS/ECOLOGY PUBLICATIONS SUBJECT LISTINGS
		Fink published his now-famous essay in Spring, 1997, showing the notes of the oldest musical instrument known (43,ooo years old) were capable of matching part of the do, re, mi scale: See Neanderthal Flute: http://www.greenwych.ca/fl-compl.htm.
		His music has been broadcast on TV and radio and by his local University and some was re-published in a local anthology of composers.
		His lecture on music's origins was sponsored by his City's Public Library and his writings have been used in some university courses.
	www.greenwych.ca (1348 words)

	Musical Instruments
		A few fragments of the Stone Age flute are missing, but to investigate what kind of music the instrument would have made, Friedrich Seeberger, an expert in prehistoric music and co-author of this report, has made a replica in elder wood.
		His early experimentation suggests that the old flute would have allowed a relatively sophisticated level of musical variation.
		It is made from a piece of hollow cave bear cub bone and contains drilled holes, the arrangement of which corresponds to the distances between the fingers.
	donsmaps.com /musicalinstruments.html (608 words)

	The Prehistoric Society - Past No. 28
		In January, at the joint Prehistoric Society - Devon Archaeological Society meeting in Exeter; past-President John Coles announced to the assembled audience that Council had recently elected Lady Aileen Fox as an Honorary Member of the Society, in recognition of her great contribution to the study of prehistory.
		On her retirement in 1972, after extensive fieldwork in the south-west of England (which, as Aileen pointed out, was not exclusively concerned with matters prehistoric), Aileen embarked on a second career in New Zealand, where she brought her skills and talents to bear on the study of Maori hillforts and artefacts.
		Although this figure has sometimes been associated with two animal figures in front of it, the large number of animals depicted on this panel, which may not all be contemporary, makes the association somewhat tentative, and the authors restrict their study to the figure of the 'sorcier'.
	www.ucl.ac.uk /prehistoric/past/past28.html (6807 words)

	Stylistic Timeline of Music History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The timeline below may be of assistance in focusing on the study of music history.
		Monophonic music was a vital part of the cultures of the ancient Chinese, Hebrews, and Greeks.
		Christian chant, based on Jewish cantorial traditions and Greek music theory, developed during the decline of Rome.
	www.stevenestrella.com /composers/styletimeline.html (1392 words)

	Music Power: An objective look at how music affects the mind (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Music Power: An objective look at how music affects the mind
		Thesis: Research indicates that music has a profound influence on society.
		Conclusion: Napoleon understood the enormous power of music and summed it up by saying, "Give me control over he who shapes the music of a nation, and I care not who makes the laws."
	users.characterlink.net /odonnell/outline.html (56 words)

	Mike Beck - Horsemanship Clinics and Western Americana Music (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		This was cowboy music but with the elements of the other folk music styles up front...plus a hint of harder more rock brewing also.
		Tradition is not something that you smoke and hang in the corner...if that were so we might well had stopped after the first primitive drumbeats or all still be stuck playing only the music of the middle ages...or whatever.
		The music is western, but describes a disappearing West; it's cowboy, but about contemporary cowboys.
	www.mikebeck.com /Music/reviews.htm (7033 words)

	Music Links
		Prehistoric Music Ireland-- Horns from the Bronze Age.
		The Canadian Music Centre-- Read about Canadian composers, and look through Canadian CD and score libraries.
		Pronouncing Dictionary of Music and Musicians-- A great resource if you don't know how to pronounce musical names.
	snow.prohosting.com /muzition/linx_m.html (661 words)

	Oxford University Press
		Seven of the volumes are text, and deal not only with politics but also with economic, social, and cultural history.
		Society, laws, church and politics are all analysed separately as are architecture, literature, manuscripts, language, coins and music.
		Readership: Scholars and students of all aspects of prehistoric and early Ireland; social, political, and economic historians of Ireland; those interested in Irish language, literature, culture, geography and geology.
	www.oup.com /ca/isbn/0-19-821737-4 (452 words)

	Walter Kaufmann Archive : Writings
		Carbon copy of typescript, with musical illustrations, 30 pp.
		The Musical Instruments of the Hill Maria, Jhoria Muria and Bastar Muria Gond Tribes.
		Published: as part of "Indian Music" in Harvard Dictionary of Music.
	library.music.indiana.edu /collections/kaufmann/writings.html (262 words)

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