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Topic: Prehistory of Australia

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	History of Australia
		Australia was once part of the super-continent Gondwanaland until it broke away some 80 million years ago.
		Australia or New South Wales as it was known then was an attractive opportunity for a penal because after the American revolution the Americans would no longer accept British convicts.
		As early as 1847, proponents of federation in Australia began to urge the colonies to unite however it was not until 1901 that the six colonies agreed to become states in the Commonwealth of Australia.
	www.inaustralia.com.au /Info/history.htm (737 words)

	Prehistory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Prehistory can be said to date back to the beginning of the universe itself, although the term is most often used to describe periods when there was life on Earth; dinosaurs can be described as prehistoric animals and cavemen are described as prehistoric people.
		The primary researchers into Human prehistory are prehistoric archaeologists and physical anthropologists who use excavation, geographic survey, and scientific analysis to reveal and interpret the nature and behavior of pre-literate and non-literate peoples.
		Human prehistory differs from history not only in terms of chronology but in the way it deals with the activities of archaeological cultures rather than named nations or individuals.
	www.ling.pl /ling/trans-lower.php4?base=http://www.wikipedia.com/wiki/&website=/wiki/Prehistory (595 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Military history of Australia
		The prehistory of Australia is a term which may be used to describe the period of approximately 40-45,000 years (or more, as is contended by some studies) between the first human habitation of the Australian continent and the first definitive sighting of Australia by Europeans in 1606, which...
		The history of Australia from 1788-1850 covers the early colonies period of Australias history, from the first English settlement and penal colony at Port Jackson in 1788 to the establishment of other colonies and the spread of settlers.
		Australia was a member of the international coalition which contributed military forces to the 1991 Gulf War, with Australia deploying a naval task group of two warships and a support ship during the war.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Military-history-of-Australia (961 words)

	history of australia, aborigines, australia day, australian prehistory, freedom, ancestors
		European settlement of Australia began in 1788 when a British penal colony was established on the east coast.
		Australia became a nation on 1 January 1901,maintaining a very good relationship with U.K. Australian troops fought alongside the British in the Boer War, WWI and WWII.
		Thus, the USA protected Australia from Japanese invasion during WWII marked the beginning of a shift in allegiance.
	www.planetgypsy.com /destinations/australia/history.html (390 words)

	Prehistory of Australia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The prehistory of Australia is the period between the first human habitation of the Australian continent and the first definitive sighting of Australia by Europeans in 1606, which may be taken as the beginning of the recent history of Australia.
		The last 5000 years were characterised by a general amelioration of the climate and an increase in temperature and rainfall and the development of a sophisticated tribal culture.
		The traditional movement of people between Australia, New Guinea and Indonesia in sailing craft for trade and fishing indicates the possibility of Arab and Chinese traders to the northern islands learning of and then visiting the shores of the southern continent from as early as the 9th century.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Prehistory_of_Australia (1778 words)

	Australian Aborigines Land and Cultures - Aboriginal Art Online
		In the late eighteenth century there were between 600 and 700 Aboriginal 'tribes' in Australia.
		Aboriginal people believe that their origins lie in the Dreamtime and that they have always lived in Australia.
		While these accounts of Australian prehistory appear to be in conflict, this may not be as great as it first appears.
	www.aboriginalartonline.com /culture/culture.php (677 words)

	Prehistory of Australia - Aboriginal Art Online
		A century ago, the best scientific estimate of the time of occupation of Australia was 400 years and as recently as the 1960s estimates still placed human occupation of Australia at only 10 000 years.
		At the other end of the continent, the impact on humans was the opposite, with the Ice Age allowing hunter-gatherers a greater land area in which to hunt as the tree cover was reduced.
		Temperatures started to rise 14 000 years ago and by 10 000 years ago the country was warmer and wetter than now, sparking a widespread surge in plant growth and recolonisation, and leading to optimum conditions for hunters and gathers.
	www.aboriginalartonline.com /culture/prehist.php (1156 words)

	Down Under History by James Q. Jacobs
		In 1897 a soapstone statuette of Chinese origin was unearthed between the roots of a banyan tree one and a quarter meters underground near Darwin, on the northwest coast.
		The oldest of the maps, drawn by Jean Rotz in 1542 and later presented to King Henry VIII of England, illustrates a great land from near ten degrees south latitude to 35 degrees south on the west coast, an exact correctness, and to 60 degrees south on the east.
		The nearest portions of Australia to the Indies fell in the Spanish hemisphere and thereafter the Portuguese had no incentive to further explore the area, or to divulge secrets that could result in competition to their trade.
	www.jqjacobs.net /writing/downundr.html (2081 words)

	Recommended Readings about Australia
		The remnant rainforests of Australia are ancestors of a unique flora that evolved in isolation as the continent moved slowly northward to the position it occupies today.
		Broad regional prehistories describe the emergence of toolmaking, the expansion of ceremonial exchanges, and the influence of Indonesian and Torres Strait islanders.
		It was an incredible time in Australia, and for once, at least, the forests won: much of Australia's remaining lowland and montaine rainforest was protected by World Heritage designation and the Rat Patrol and Higher Mammal Crew (led by Laurance) were right in the thick of it.
	www.biology.iastate.edu /intop/1Australia/RecRead.html (2354 words)

	Travel to Sydney » History of Australia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		This period is referred to as the prehistory of Australia.
		A gold rush began in Australia in the early 1850s, and the Eureka Stockade rebellion in 1854 was an early expression of nationalist sentiment.
		Australia remains a constitutional monarchy with Queen Elizabeth II the Queen of Australia; the 1999 referendum to establish a republic was marginally rejected.
	goto-sydney.com /travel/41/history-of-australia (1961 words)

	Ø Wilson's Almanac free daily ezine \| Australia Day January 26 \| Australian national holiday commemoration ...
		Even in the early days there were other possible contenders for the honour of being Australia Day, such as any number of days on which Captain James Cook, or even Dirk Hartog or Abel Tasman made important discoveries on the Aussie coast.
		I am still partial to January 26 being Australia Day, for the reasons I have given, but if I had a say in the matter, I would now choose December 3, the date of the Eureka Stockade.
		On Australia Day 1911, it stated that while it had a deep regard for the past, the landing of Phillip was not worth celebrating.
	www.wilsonsalmanac.com /austday.html (1686 words)

	Australia on CD \| Department of Communications, Information Technology and the Arts Archive Website (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Australia on CD The content on this page and other DCITA document archive pages is provided to assist research and may contain references to activities or policies that have no current application.
		Site licences granting permission to network the Australia on CD series are available to Australian primary and secondary schools and Australian public libraries free of charge, on written request, for all Australia on CD titles issued by the Australian Government under the Australia on CD Program, with the exception of Moorditj (see below).
		The Australia on CD series was sent to all Australian primary and secondary schools, public libraries, Austrade offices and overseas missions.
	www.dcita.gov.au /arts_culture/funding_programs__and__support/australia_on_cd (641 words)

	History of Australia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The written history of Australia began when Dutch explorers first sighted the country in the 17th century.They left however thinking that the country was unhabitable.
		A gold rush began in Australia in the early 1850s, and the Eureka Stockade rebellion in 1854 was an early expression of nationalist sentiment—the flag that was used to represent it has been seriously considered by some as an alternative to the Australian flag.
		On 1 January 1901, federation of the colonies was achieved after a decade of planning, consultation and voting, and the Commonwealth of Australia was born, as a Dominion of the British Empire.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_Australia (1630 words)

	Prehistory of Australia - ArticleWorld (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The prehistory of Australia refers to a time some 45 000 years ago, with some estimates going back as far as 60 000 years.
		At that time, the sea levels were much lower that they are now and Australia and New Guinea were united by an extensive land bridge.
		It is theorized that people first navigated the shorter distances between the Sunda Islands to reach the Australia and New Guinea land mass and then spread across the rest of Australia via the land bridge.
	www.articleworld.org /index.php/Prehistory_of_Australia (481 words)

	Mike Smith
		The growth of evidence on the early prehistory of Australia is reflected in seven new chapters, looking at the origin of the Australians, ancient seafaring, and initial colonisation of the continent.
		The new Prehistory also signals a maturing of the discipline with a move away from ice-age origins, extinct giant marsupials and a primordial past towards stronger treatment of the later prehistory of the continent and the dynamics of Aboriginal societies over the last few thousand years.
		Prehistory retains the strong ethnographic and environmental focus of earlier editions, reminding us that prehistory is as much about environmental history as about the Aboriginal past.
	home.vicnet.net.au /~abr/Sept99/ms.html (772 words)

	Australia's Monsoon @ National Geographic Magazine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Outside the skies to the south were purplish fl, with wicked tongues of lightning dancing on the horizon and the maddening smell of desert rain carrying across the savanna.
		Rescued from the cutting-room floor is this month's Final Edit, an image of cattle tormented by a swarm of buffalo flies brought on by the downpour in northern Australia.
		The Aboriginal knowledge may also help Australia's meteorologists who have begun to study these seasonal clues to sharpen their own picture of the continent's unique weather and climate.
	magma.nationalgeographic.com /ngm/0411/feature5/index.html (5714 words)

	Australia - Trivia - Central - British Council - LearnEnglish
		The first human habitation of Australia is estimated to have occurred between 42,000 and 48,000 years ago.
		It presents in a number of inter-related narratives (or myths) explaining Aboriginal Australian origins and culture, it thus has a complex relationship to the prehistory of Australia.
		Venomous Creatures of Australia: A Field Guide with Notes on First Aid by Struan K. Sutherland is an anagram of I gather it's full of enormous snakes and various awful, dreaded critters that bite you in anus.
	www.britishcouncil.org /learnenglish-central-trivia-australia.htm (488 words)

	Australia Trotter - The best sites for travel & holidays in Oceania
		When used as the name of a field of study, history refers to the study and interpretation of the record of humans, families, and societies as preserved primarily through written sources.
		History is thus usually distinguished from prehistory by the widespread adoption of writing in the area under study.
		Knowledge of history is often said to encompass both knowledge of past events and historical thinking skills.
	www.australiatrotter.com /en/culture/history/8 (130 words)

	Amazon.com: Prehistory of Australia: Books: Derek John Mulvaney,Johan Kamminga (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Broad regional prehistories describe the emergence of toolmaking, the expansion of ceremonial exchanges, and the influence of Indonesian and Torres Strait islanders.
		It is not simply a revision of the 1971 book - the picture archaeologists have of the prehistory of Australia has transformed in the past 30 years, and this book captures that exciting transformation.
		The archaeology of aboriginal occupancy of Australia is also a politically charged subject and the authors manage the difficult task of presenting this story with sensitivity.
	www.amazon.com /Prehistory-Australia-Derek-John-Mulvaney/dp/1560988045 (991 words)

	Prehistory of Australia by John Mulvaney, Derek John Mulvaney, Johan Kamminga (Used, New, Out-of-Print) - Alibris
		Prehistory of Australia by John Mulvaney, Derek John Mulvaney, Johan Kamminga (Used, New, Out-of-Print) - Alibris
		This is a definitive study of Australia's prehistory and 40, 000 years of Aboriginal cultures.
		During the past thirty years, the richness and complexity of Australia's remote human past has come into sharper focus.
	www.alibris.com /search/books/qwork/5304516/used/Prehistory%20of%20Australia (408 words)

	World Prehistory - Cambridge University Press
		Throughout he emphasized the close relationship between environment and the character and speed of cultural development.
		The archaeological record on which we have to rely for the greater part of man's early history is still incomplete but the spread of excavation and the almost universal adoption of radiocarbon dating do now make possible a provisional but integrated account of world prehistory.
		Christianity and the end of European prehistory; Part V. The African Achievement: 21.
	www.cambridge.org /catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=052129178X (356 words)

	The Natural World - Prehistory
		The massive extinctions of animals 50,000 years ago in Australia and the arrival of the first humans may be linked...
		New genetic insights into ancient mating and migration patterns reveal that men travelled far and wide to sow their wild oats...
		Long before the age of the dinosaurs, a meteor the size of a mountain smashed into northern Australia wiping out 90% of all life...
	www.scienceagogo.com /news/natural_world_prehistory.shtml (783 words)

	Prehistory of Australia by Derek John Mulvaney
		Book Details Summary: The title of this book is Prehistory of Australia and it was written by Derek John Mulvaney.
		This edition of Prehistory of Australia is in a Book format.
		This books publish date is January 1969 and it has a suggested retail price of.
	www.allbookstores.com /book/0500020620/Derek_John_Mulvaney/Prehistory_Of_Australia.html (108 words)

	The prehistory of Australia by Derek John Mulvaney (Used, New, Out-of-Print) - Alibris
		The prehistory of Australia by Derek John Mulvaney (Used, New, Out-of-Print) - Alibris
		Classic history of Australia in prehistoric times, with chapters on Protohistory, Landscape and People, Ethnohistory, Pleistocene Origins, Tools, Fossils, Archaeology, etc.
		The author argues that although Australian aboriginals have occupied the continent for millennia, this does not imply cultural stasis.
	www.alibris.com /search/books/qwork/5304515/used/The%20prehistory%20of%20Australia (411 words)

	Bradshaw Foundation - Rock Art Cave Paintings Archaeology Anthropology
		Journey back to the Neolithic period of prehistory 5000 years ago and observe society changing from hunting and gathering to farming, from the collective tribe to the powerful individual.
		Join Bradshaw Coordinator John Robinson, on what he describes as 'one of the greatest artistic experiences of his life', visiting the cave paintings of Chauvet in France with Dr Jean Clottes.
		These elegant and sophisticated paintings found in the Northwest corner of Australia, are claimed to be the oldest figurative paintings in the world, are known as the Bradshaws, or gwion gwion.
	www.bradshawfoundation.com (577 words)

	Pacific Prehistory
		Continent of Hunter-Gatherers: New Perspectives in Australian Prehistory
		Hunters and Collectors: The Antiquarian Imagination in Australia (Studies in Australian History)
		Lapita design, form and composition: proceedings of the Lapita Design Workshop, Canberra, Australia, December 1988
	www.prehistory.org /books/pacific.htm (199 words)

	Internships: Intern Abroad - International Internship Programs
		Australia's original inhabitants, known as Australian Aborigines, have the longest continuous cultural history in the world, with origins dating back to the last Ice Age.
		Although mystery and debate shroud many aspects of Australian prehistory, there...
		The Internship and Integrated Studies program is designed to provide students with a challenging experiential work experience coupled with integrated academic coursework at the University.
	www.internabroad.com /search.cfm (247 words)

	Australia Travel Tips
		Australia offers a wealth of travel experiences, from the vastness and drama of the outback, to the spectacle of the Great Barrier Reef and its islands, the cosmopolitanism of Sydney and arguably some of the best beaches in the world.
		Australia has a prosperous Western-style capitalist economy, with a per capita GDP at the level of the four dominant West European economies.
		Australia has suffered from the low growth and high unemployment characterizing the OECD countries in the early 1990s, but the economy has expanded at reasonably steady rates in recent years.
	www.southtravels.com /pacific/australia/traveltips.html (1829 words)

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