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Topic: Premenstrual dysphoric disorder

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	PMDD: What is Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder?
		Premenstrual dysphoric disorder, or PMDD, is a debilitating set of symptoms associated with the part of a woman's cycle that precedes her menstrual period.
		Premenstrual dysphoric disorder is relatively rare, affecting about three to eight percent of women.
		Premenstrual dysphoric disorder usually develops in a woman's late teens to late 20s, but most women wait until their 30s before seeking treatment.
	www.pmdd-and-menstruation.com (364 words)

	Mood Disorders and the Reproductive Cycle
		Although the prevalence of bipolar disorder in men and women is more equally distributed, the course of that illness may differ between the sexes.
		This illness occurs during the premenstrual, or late luteal, phase of the menstrual cycle; symptoms remit during the beginning of the follicular phase.
		Premenstrual dysphoric disorder is classified as a mood disorder, "Depressive Disorder, Not Otherwise Specified," in the DSM-IV.
	www.healthyplace.com /communities/depression/women_7.asp (2759 words)

	Skeptical Inquirer: 'Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder' and 'Premenstrual Syndrome' myths
		Neither Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) nor Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) is a medical or mental disorder or illness.
		Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is not a disorder, illness, or disease, but an extreme point on the continuum of premenstrual tension.
		Premenstrual physical changes related to the menstrual cycle are a normal part of female life.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m2843/is_3_27/ai_100755223 (1247 words)

	Topics-PMS and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a more severe form of premenstrual syndrome affecting 3-8% of women in their reproductive years.
		Recent research indicates that women who are vulnerable to premenstrual mood changes do not have abnormal levels of hormones or some type of hormonal dysregulation, but rather a particular sensitivity to normal cyclical hormonal changes.
		Recent data suggest that women with premenstrual mood disorders have abnormal serotonin neurotransmission, which is thought to be associated with symptoms such as irritability, depressed mood and carbohydrate craving.
	www.womensmentalhealth.org /topics/pms.html (1675 words)

	Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
		Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a severe form of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) that causes marked social impairment in approximately 5 of 100 women.
		Estrogen and progesterone levels of control subjects and women with premenstrual symptoms have been shown to be the same, suggesting that affected women may have an abnormal response to normal hormone levels.
		Treatment of premenstrual dysphoric disorder with sertraline during the luteal phase: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial.
	www.clevelandclinicmeded.com /diseasemanagement/women/pmdd/pmdd.htm (2240 words)

	International Society for Neuronal Regulation and Journal of Neurotherapy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		It is further proposed that certain childhood behaviors such as conduct disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity are premorbid states which significantly increase the risk for adult drug and alcohol seeking behavior by a factor of 5.5 times the general population.
		The term, coping style, rather than, disorder, is used to reflect the opinion that the child's behaviour constitutes an attempt to find a solution to difficulties encountered during the normal course of psychosocial development and that these styles of relating are not static.
		This technique can be used to discriminate children with attention disorders from normal children with a specificity of 88% and a sensitivity of 93.7% (Chabot96a), and from children with learning disorders with a specificity of 84.2% and a sensitivity of 97% (Chabot96b).
	www.snr-jnt.org /topics/abstract.htm (17188 words)

	UpToDate Patient information: Premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)
		Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) refers to a constellation of both physical and behavioral symptoms that occurs repetitively during the second half of the menstrual cycle.
		There are other medical disorders that often worsen before or during menstruation that have features similar to PMDD, such as migraine, chronic fatigue syndrome, or irritable bowel syndrome.
		Recognizing and treating premenstrual dysphoric disorder in the obstetric, gynecologic, and primary care practices.
	patients.uptodate.com /topic.asp?file=endo_hor/10662 (2184 words)

	Psychiatric Times
		Although the exact etiology of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) remains unknown, it appears to be a chronic mood disorder that continues for many years in reproductive-age women.
		Intermittent treatment of premenstrual dysphoria with citalopram was more effective than placebo, and intermittent treatment also appeared more effective than continuous or semi-intermittent administration of the drug.
		Successful intermittent administration of an antidepressant for premenstrual symptoms was first reported for clomipramine, a potent but nonselective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, at daily doses of 25 mg to 75 mg (Sundblad et al., 1993).
	www.psychiatrictimes.com /p990641b.html (1599 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Psychoanalysts proposed that premenstrual physical changes reminded the woman that she was not pregnant and, therefore, was not fulfilling her traditional feminine role.
		Race: Although premenstrual clinics are reported to be almost exclusively attended by white women, community-based studies found no difference in the prevalence or severity of premenstrual symptoms between fl women and white women.
		A patient with another mood disorder might have preconceptions that she has PMS or PMDD, and, consequently, the diagnosis of PMDD may be incorrectly made.
	www.medceu.com /course-no-test.cfm?CID=931 (5582 words)

	Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
		Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) causes mood changes and physical symptoms such as bloating and breast tenderness.
		Up to 70 percent of women are bothered by some premenstrual problems, such as irritability or bloating, but only about four percent of menstruating women have PMDD.
		For women suffering from debilitating premenstrual problems, it may seem unimportant whether their condition is considered a syndrome or a disorder.
	www.magellanassist.com /mem/library?TopicID=79 (500 words)

	Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) vs. Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)
		Frederick R. Jelovsek MD Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) refers to the variation of physical and mood symptoms that appear during the last one or two weeks of the menstrual cycle and disappear by the end of a full flow of menses.
		Psychiatrists and other mental health workers tend to use the diagnosis term of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) to describe a specific set of mood symptoms that are also present the week before menses and remit a few days after the start of menses and also interfere with social or role functioning.
		Premenstrual dysphoric disorder has as part of its definition, symptoms such as depressed mood or dysphoria, anxiety or tension, emotional lability, irritability, decreased interest in usual activities, concentration difficulties, marked lack of energy, marked change in appetite, overeating or food cravings, sleepiness or insomnia, and feeling overwhelmed.
	www.wdxcyber.com /nmood06.htm (898 words)

	Pre-Menstrual Mood Disorder (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		PMS (premenstrual syndrome) is the name of a group of symptoms that start one to two weeks before your period.
		Generally premenstrual symptoms are mild physical symptoms such as: breast tenderness, bloating, headache, and minor mood changes.
		Women who have premenstrual complaints are asked to chart their symptoms every day for at least two menstrual cycles to see if there is a pattern.
	www.psychdirect.com /women/pms.htm (735 words)

	Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
		Twenty to fifty percent of women between the ages of 30 to 40 with regular menstrual cycles experience premenstrual syndrome (PMS) as a regular physiological occurrence every month.
		All that is needed is a small increase in the dosage of the antidepressant premenstrually.
		Women with PMDD complain of irritability, anger, tension, marked depressed mood, and mood liability (crying spells for no reason), verbal outbursts, to such a severity that quality of life is seriously compromised.
	www.coolnurse.com /pmdd.htm (1391 words)

	Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
		Premenstrual dysmorphic disorder, or PMDD for short is a chronic condition that can severely impact a woman's life.
		Not to be confused with premenstrual syndrome or PMS, which often causes physical and behavioral symptoms during the menstrual cycle, PMDD is a much more severe form of the condition that requires medical evaluation and treatment.
		It is critical that a physician work closely with the patient to accurately diagnose the condition however, so that treatment measures are effective and targeted to a patient's specific ailment.
	www.womenshealthcaretopics.com /pmdd.htm (486 words)

	Premenstrual Syndrome (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a group of symptoms related to the menstrual cycle.
		PMS symptoms occur in the week or two weeks before your period (menstruation or monthly bleeding).
		In PMDD, the main symptoms are mood disorders such as depression, anxiety, tension, and persistent anger or irritability.
	www.4woman.gov /faq/pms.htm (739 words)

	► Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)
		Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)
		Between 30% to 40% of women are thought to have PMS symptoms severe enough to interfere with daily living activities, and 10% are believed to have symptoms so severe they are considered disabling.
		The incidence is higher in women between their late 20s and early 40s, those with at least one child, those with a family history of a major depression disorder, or women with a past medical history of either post-partum depression or an affective mood disorder.
	www.umm.edu /ency/article/001505.htm (289 words)

	PMS: The Truth About Premenstrual Syndrome (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		If you are affected by premenstrual syndrome, accepting these symptoms as a normal part of your monthly cycle may help to reduce the anxiety you feel about PMS.
		PMS should not be confused with premenstrual dysphoric disorder, or PMDD, which is a psychiatric term for a major mood disturbance that occurs in three to eight percent of women.
		Recognizing your premenstrual syndrome symptoms and adjusting your diet and lifestyle in a way that supports your body is important.
	www.about-pms.co.uk (380 words)

	Psychiatric News Main Frame
		The PMDD controversy revolves around stigma and fears that according PMDD full status as a disorder would contribute to the denigration of women as cyclically impaired by their menstrual cycle, said Gold.
		Further research that validates a cyclical mood disorder, "whether affecting both women and men or either, will enable the development of effective treatment and stimulate more research on its etiology," she concluded.
		The state of knowledge on the relationship between mood disorders and PMDD is "suggestive but tentative," said Gold.
	www.psych.org /pnews/99-04-02/pmd.html (754 words)

	Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
		In preparing the 1987 revision of the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM-IIIR), the syndrome was variously referred to as "Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder" (PMDD) and "Periluteal Phase Dysphoric Disorder" (PPDD), before the responsible committee settled on "Late Luteal Phase Dysphoric Disorder" (LLPDD).
		Classifying PMS or PMDD as a mental disorder stigmatizes women, and may have other undesirable social consequences by laying additional foundations for disability claims and the insanity defense.
		However, Prozac has also been approved for treating obsessive-compulsive disorder and bulimia, and these additional indications were not accompanied by the introduction of a new trade name.
	www.institute-shot.com /premenstrual_dysphoric_disorder.htm (1651 words)

	Premenstrual syndrome: an update on definitions, diagnosis and management -- Connolly 7 (6): 469 -- Advances in ...
		Rapkin, A. (1992) The role of serotonin in premenstrual syndrome.
		Schellenberg, G. (2001) Treatment of the premenstrual syndrome with agnus castus fruit extract: prospective, randomised, placebo controlled study.
		Steiner, M. and Wilkins, A. (1996) Diagnosis and assessment of premenstrual dysphoria.
	apt.rcpsych.org /cgi/content/full/7/6/469 (3710 words)

	Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder - PMDD Treatment, Symptoms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		In more severe cases, affecting three to five percent of menstruating women, this syndrome is labeled as premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD).
		Furthermore, women successfully treated with antidepressants often show breakthrough symptoms of depression in the premenstrual phase of their menstrual cycle.
		Women with PMDD complain of irritability, anger, tension, marked depressed mood, and mood lability (crying spells for no reason, verbal outbursts, or tantrums) to such a severity that quality of life is seriously compromised.
	www.healthyplace.com /communities/depression/pmdd.asp (1329 words)

	Premenstrual Syndrome, Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder, and Beyond: A Clinical Primer for Practitioners -- Johnson 104 ...
		Premenstrual Syndrome, Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder, and Beyond: A Clinical Primer for Practitioners -- Johnson 104 (4): 845 -- Obstetrics & Gynecology
		Premenstrual Syndrome, Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder, and Beyond: A Clinical Primer for Practitioners
		and anxiety disorders, menstrual migraine, and mastalgia, and
	www.greenjournal.org /cgi/content/abstract/104/4/845 (289 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Health \| 'Menstrual' brain changes seen
		The 12 women were asked to perform the same task premenstrually - one to five days before their period was due - and then postmenstrually - eight to 12 days after their period.
		During the premenstrual phase the women showed much greater activity in frontal brain regions that help control emotions when they were reading the emotive words.
		Chris Ryan, chief executive of the National Association for Premenstrual Syndrome, said: "This study, although of a small sample, adds to the compelling evidence that the menstrual cycle is a key factor affecting the psychological well-being of women of reproductive age.
	news.bbc.co.uk /go/newsFeedXML/moreover/-/1/hi/health/4371228.stm (445 words)

	Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)
		A much more severe form of the collective symptoms known as premenstrual syndrome (PMS), premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) affects approximately 5 percent of women of reproductive age and is considered a severe and chronic medical condition that requires attention and treatment.
		The primary symptoms that distinguish PMDD from other mood disorders (i.e., major depression) or menstrual conditions is the onset and duration of PMDD symptoms - with symptoms appearing during the week before and disappearing within a few days after the onset of menses - and the level by which these symptoms disrupt daily living tasks.
		Symptoms of PMDD are so severe that women have an impaired level of functioning at home, at work, and in interpersonal relationships during this symptomatic time period.
	www.healthsystem.virginia.edu /uvahealth/adult_gyneonc/pmdd.cfm (630 words)

	Treatment Approaches to Premenstrual Syndrome
		Premenstrual syndromes (PMSs) are a group of menstrually-related, chronic, cyclical disorders manifested by emotional and physical symptoms in the second part of the menstrual cycle, which subside after the beginning of the menstrual period.
		Most women experience premenstrual symptoms during their reproductive years, but not all perceive PMS as debilitating or distressing.
		However, 5-10% of women – approximately 1.5 million women in the UK – suffer from such severe premenstrual symptoms (PMDD, or premenstrual dysphoric disorder) that their work, relationships and social lives are impaired.
	www.positivehealth.com /permit/Articles/Womens%20Health/georg58.htm (2945 words)

	Arch Fam Med -- Luteal Phase Sertraline Treatment for Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder: Results of a Double-blind, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Mean differences and 95% confidence intervals between luteal and follicular phase calendar of premenstrual experiences (COPE) total scores for each of 6 trial cycles (cycles 1 and 2 are baseline, 3 and 4 are first treatment interventions, and 5 and 6 are second treatment interventions).
		Late luteal phase dysphoric disorder in 670 women evaluated for premenstrual complaints.
		Treatment of premenstrual syndrome with fluoxetine: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study.
	archfami.ama-assn.org /cgi/content/full/8/4/328 (2099 words)

	Antidote for Premenstrual Syndrome ( PMS )
		Also Natural Progesterone may not stop the premenstrual syndrome from regressing because xenoestrogens are not eliminated from the person's lifestyle, or the xenoestrogens are stored in the body fat.
		I have received hundreds of phone calls and letters from women and their doctors over the past few years who report that PMS has been alleviated with the use of Natural Progesterone.
		No part of this material may be reproduced, translated, transmitted, framed or stored in a retrieval system for public or private use without the written permission of the publisher.
	www.goodbyepms.com (1844 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Premenstrual syndrome
		Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) involves symptoms that occur in relation to the menstrual cycle and which interfere with the woman's life.
		It occurs more often in women between their late 20s and early 40s, those with at least one child, those with a family history of a major depression disorder, or women with a past medical history of either postpartum depression or an affective mood disorder.
		As many as 50-60% of women with severe PMS have an underlying psychiatric disorder.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/001505.htm (796 words)

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