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Topic: Prenatal diagnosis

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	eMedicine - Prenatal Diagnosis for Congenital Malformations and Genetic Disorders : Article by Daljit Singh, MS, DSc
		Prenatal diagnosis of retinoblastoma cases with deletion of this band on chromosome 13 is feasible using fluorescent-labeled probes for this region.
		Prenatal diagnosis for congenital malformations and genetic disorders.
		Anton-Lamprecht I: Genetically induced abnormalities of epidermal differentiation and ultrastructure in ichthyoses and epidermolyses: pathogenesis, heterogeneity, fetal manifestation, and prenatal diagnosis.
	www.emedicine.com /oph/topic485.htm (4466 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Prenatal diagnosis of Caudal Regression Syndrome : a case report
		Prenatal ultrasonographic diagnosis of caudal regression syndrome is possible at 22 weeks' of gestation by ultrasound examination.
		In sirenomelia third-trimester ultrasonographic diagnosis is usually impaired by severe oligohydramnios related to bilateral renal agenesis, whereas during the early second trimester the amount of amniotic fluid may be sufficient to allow diagnosis.
		Early antenatal sonographic diagnosis is important in view of the dismal prognosis, and allows for earlier, less traumatic termination of pregnancy [5].
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2393/1/8 (1271 words)

	Prenatal Diagnosis - Patient UK
		The primary aim of a prenatal diagnosis is to provide an accurate diagnosis that will allow the widest possible range of informed choice to those at increased risk of having children with genetic disorders or with congenital abnormalities.
		Prenatal MRI is also used to assess fetuses with spina bifida, look for associated malformations, and along with ultrasound scanning help to predict neurological deficit and ambulatory potential.
		Prenatal diagnostic accuracy is improving but as one UK study showed, may be lower than many clinicians assume and the public expects for some important conditions such as diaphragmatic hernia, bladder outlet obstruction and major skeletal defects in which detection rates prenatally were still less than 70%.
	www.patient.co.uk /showdoc/40000303 (1961 words)

	Prenatal Diagnosis: Down Syndrome - Special Needs Children
		She told me that the diagnosis was a big shock to her, but as long as he was with us, we might as well enjoy him.
		I believe that expectant moms whose babies have a prenatal diagnosis should have the same option to 'study up' with mainstream baby books as well as the best information on Down syndrome, and also to take a break from all that to enjoy her pregnancy.
		If a baby was prenatally diagnosed with blue eyes, and friends and family immediately looked up all information about the disadvantages of having blue eyes to present to the mother during her pregnancy, we would feel that is inappropriate, even though people with blue eyes do have special health care considerations and problems.
	www.bellaonline.com /articles/art32686.asp (1808 words)

	Prenatal Diagnosis
		Prenatal diagnosis employs a variety of techniques to determine the health and condition of an unborn fetus.
		Without knowledge gained by prenatal diagnosis, there could be an untoward outcome for the fetus or the mother or both.
		For prenatal diagnosis, most amniocenteses are performed between 14 and 20 weeks gestation.
	www-medlib.med.utah.edu /WebPath/TUTORIAL/PRENATAL/PRENATAL.html (4232 words)

	Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology - Prenatal Diagnosis Center
		The Prenatal Diagnostic Center at Cedars-Sinai provides the latest in the medical capabilities to its patients and their families, in a warm and compassionate environment.
		The Prenatal Diagnosis Center has physicians who are specially trained in genetic diagnosis.
		The Prenatal Diagnosis Center at Cedars-Sinai is a state-approved alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) prenatal diagnosis center.
	www.csmc.edu /1816.html (3104 words)

	Prenatal Diagnosis
		Prenatal diagnosis (testing for the fragile X mutation in a baby before it is born) is available to any person shown to be a carrier of a fragile X mutation.
		Prenatal fragile X testing is usually performed on the developing baby using one of two methods: either chorionic villus sampling (CVS), performed at approximately 10 weeks of pregnancy: or amniocentesis, performed between 16-20 weeks of pregnancy.
		All couples considering prenatal diagnosis should meet with a genetic counselor before becoming pregnant in order to discuss the most current prenatal techniques, their limitations and benefits.
	www.fragilex.org /html/prenatal.htm (102 words)

	Ultrasound Prenatal Diagnosis of Fetal Malformations: Hospital- Based Screening and Necropsy Study - Health - RedOrbit (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In the prenatal area the main aim of necropsy is to specify the kind of pathology suffered by the embryo or fetus, the findings being compared with the information provided by the various prenatal diagnostic techniques used and the presence of any other abnormalities being ruled out [10].
		Reliable diagnosis depends on the kind and the quality of the necropsy which is directly related to the experience of the pathologist and his/her knowledge of developmental pathology.
		The correlation between the data provided by prenatal diagnosis (cytogenetic, ultrasound, serological, etc.) and the results of necropsy is of fundamental importance in terms of controlling the quality of the former; indeed, its role as a method of audit seems clear [25].
	www.redorbit.com /news/health/364152/ultrasound_prenatal_diagnosis_of_fetal_malformations_hospital_based_screening_and/index.html?source=r_health (4376 words)

	Sarah J Buckley, MD: Prenatal Testing, Diagnosis, and Screening - Making Difficult Decisions
		Prenatal diagnosis - that is, testing for abnormalities in unborn babies - has become an almost universal part of pregnancy care in Australia in 1999.
		While prenatal diagnosis is said to be economically cost-effective, especially for conditions where a child would require constant and ongoing support and supervision, the 'cost' to women and their families of this new technology is not often explored.
		Prenatal diagnosis is based on the assumption that discovering and terminating an affected pregnancy is advantageous, even when the condition detected would be lethal to the baby at a later time.
	www.motherandchildhealth.com /Prenatal/sarah/testing.html (1925 words)

	Prenatal diagnosis Summary
		Prenatal diagnosis, assessing the condition of a fetus before it is born, has become an important--although controversial--part of pregnancy care.
		Prenatal diagnosis is the identification of a medical condition in a developing embryo or fetus.
		Prenatal diagnosis is the diagnosis of disease or condition in a fetus or embryo before it is born.
	www.bookrags.com /Prenatal_diagnosis (335 words)

	Dangers of Prenatal Diagnosis - Catholic Online
		Prenatal diagnosis is very useful to be able to determine a good number of fetal pathologies; many of these can be treated, some directly before birth.
		So a distinction must be made between a prenatal diagnosis done in the interest of all the individuals -- embryo-fetus and mother -- and one which, instead, considers only the interests of the one already born.
		Pregnancy must be released from the grip of anxiety, and prenatal diagnosis must be given back its role as coadjutor of a mental and emotional process, and not as an obligation for social ends.
	www.catholic.org /featured/headline.php?ID=1637 (907 words)

	The Morality of Prenatal Diagnosis
		Prenatal diagnosis (also known as prenatal genetic testing) -- procedures such as amniocentesis, chorionic villus sampling (CVS), maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and ultrasonography -- in and of itself, is not evil.
		Such diagnosis is permissible...if the methods employed safeguard the life and integrity of the embryo and the mother, without subjecting them to disproportionate risks.
		But this diagnosis is gravely opposed to the moral law when it is done with the thought of possibly inducing an abortion depending upon the results....
	www.intellectualconservative.com /article3353.html (464 words)

	Prenatal diagnosis (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Chorionic villus sampling is a prenatal diagnosis procedure which involves analysis of the chromosomes in the placenta.
		Amniocentesis is a prenatal diagnosis procedure which involves chromosome analysis of cells in the amniotic fluid which are cells from the baby.
		This is because we know that babies with trisomy 15 or 16 cells cannot survive, so if trisomy 15 or 16 is found at prenatal diagnosis it is less likely to indicate the presence of the abnormal trisomic cells in the baby.
	www.medgen.ubc.ca /wrobinson/mosaic/prenatal.htm (673 words)

	TheFetus.net - Pallister Killian syndrome -Fabrice Cuillier, M. Deshayes, J.F. Cartault
		They made a prenatal diagnosis of tetrasomy 12p from amniocytes, using the R-banding technique and the study of gene dosage effects for SOD1 and LDH-B, after an ultrasound study was carried out first.
		Diagnosis based on clinical appearance alone is often difficult due to the broad spectrum of clinical anomalies not specific to this syndrome.
		Differential diagnosis: The diagnosis of Pallister-Killian syndrome depends mainly on the demonstration of cytogenetic abnormalities because the clinical pictures can be confused with that of Fryns syndrome.
	www.thefetus.net /page.php?id=1162 (3267 words)

	AllRefer Health - Genetic Counseling and Prenatal Diagnosis (Prenatal Diagnosis)
		Prenatal diagnosis involves testing fetal cells, amniotic fluid, or amniotic membranes to detect fetal abnormalities.
		Genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis provides parents with the knowledge to make intelligent, informed decisions regarding possible pregnancy and its outcome.
		Based on genetic counseling, some parents (in the face of possibly lethal genetic disease) have forgone pregnancy and adopted children while others have opted for egg or sperm donation from an anonymous donor who is not likely to be a carrier of the specific disease.
	health.allrefer.com /health/genetic-counseling-and-prenatal-diagnosis-info.html (584 words)

	Prenatal Diagnosis
		Special attention must be given to evaluating the morality of prenatal diagnostic techniques which enable the early detection of possible anomalies in the unborn child.
		But since the possibilities of prenatal therapy are today still limited, it not infrequently happens that these techniques are used with a eugenic intention which accepts selective abortion in order to prevent the birth of children affected by various types of anomalies.
		Diagnosis, not immoral in itself, must have a proper purpose and motive.
	www.priestsforlife.org /columns/columns2007/07-01-15-prenatal-diagnosis.htm (500 words)

	Delivering a Prenatal Diagnosis of Down Syndrome
		It's probably not surprising that most mothers were scared and anxious when they learned of the diagnosis and didn't feel that their obstetricians had explained DS adequately.
		Results suggest seven ways that physicians can improve how a prenatal diagnosis of DS is delivered to patients.
		If the diagnosis is delivered on the telephone, the physician should arrange for a follow-up in person visit as soon as possible.
	www.ndsccenter.org /resources/documents/prenatal.php (1034 words)

	Prenatal Diagnosis
		For prospective parents, the opportunities for prenatal testing raise questions of whether to test, what a diagnosis means, and when pregnancy termination is morally warranted.
		If receiving a prenatal diagnosis of a disorder is traumatic, it pales in comparison with the decision that follows.
		In addition to these issues in prenatal testing, the extent of the correlation made between DNA and human identity is central to the debate over human cloning and the spiritual uniqueness of individuals.
	www.parkridgecenter.org /Page34.html (1132 words)

	Rapid prenatal diagnosis The Genetics Center, Inc.
		Prenatal chromosome diagnosis is indicated, but the pregnancy is more than 20 weeks gestation.
		Genetic consultation for patients undergoing prenatal diagnosis, and particularly rapid prenatal diagnosis, is highly recommended.
		However, prenatal FISH is not intended to be used for making clinical decisions as a stand-alone test.
	www.thegeneticscenter.com /fish.htm (695 words)

	Prenatal Diagnosis
		Hospital genetics units occasionally receive requests from women for prenatal tests for Huntington's disease when their male partners are at risk but do not want to know their genetic status for the disease.
		The clinical team's preferred course of action was to test the male partner first, and, if he was found to have the mutation, to offer prenatal diagnosis.
		Prenatal diagnosis requests for Huntington’s disease when the father is at risk and does not want to know his genetic...
	hdlighthouse.org /diagnosis/testing/updates/0031prenatal.php (582 words)

	Prenatal Diagnosis
		Currently, there are two general approaches to prenatal diagnosis: (1) ultrasound imaging, and (b) tissue analysis.
		Prenatal sonography is useful in the detection of physical fetal anomalies.
		Similarly, in the transcervical technique, direct ultrasound guidance is used to thread a catheter through the cervix into the base of the developing placenta with aspiration of 15 to 30 mg.
	www.rubinstein-taybi.org /bluebook/prenatal_diagnosis.html (1129 words)

	Support & Resources for Prenatal Diagnosis of Trisomy 13
		If you have received a poor prenatal diagnosis and are needing a safe place to share you feelings, it is my hope that you will be able to share your feelings with each other, and find comfort and support amongst others that are walking this path with you.
		Rebecca's family was not aware of her trisomy 13 translocation diagnosis till she was 11 years old.
		Because they weren't aware of the diagnosis, this allowed her to have the craniofacial surgery when she was eight-and-a-half months old.
	livingwithtrisomy13.org /prenatal-diagnosis-of-trisomy-13.htm (5048 words)

	Mile High Down Syndrome Association - Prenatal Diagnosis of Down Syndrome
		Many of us are parents who also received a prenatal diagnosis of Down syndrome and we truly understand how difficult it is to hear that unexpected news.
		We are a safe place to turn to with your questions and you are invited to share your feelings with people here who understand.
		There is no right or wrong way to react to a prenatal diagnosis.
	www.mhdsa.org /Prenatal.htm (429 words)

	Patterns of Inheritance: Contact a Family - for families with disabled children: information on rare syndromes and ...
		There are a number of techniques which are used to diagnose prenatal defects in fetuses whose mothers are at risk of having a baby with an abnormality.
		On the other hand prenatal testing may be performed on the grounds of the age of the mother.
		In some conditions like Tuberous Sclerosis, where heart tumours may contribute to the diagnosis, an additional scan may be performed at 20 to 22 weeks.
	www.cafamily.org.uk /inherita.html (2596 words)

	UMHS Press Release: Utero Diagnosis
		The study revealed that even with a prenatal diagnosis of HLHS, infants with one or more risk factors that are often not detectable before birth, such as low birth weight, had a significantly less chance for survival.
		But the researchers note that in utero diagnosis has meant that many more pregnant women referred to specialty care centers for treatment before risk factors can be identified, which results in a higher risk group of patients.
		By assessing the outcome of the patients, the researchers were able to identify four prominent risk factors associated with a decrease in survival rates: low birth weight/prematurity, obstructed pulmonary venous return, additional cardiovascular defects, and non-cardiovascular anomalies.
	www.med.umich.edu /opm/newspage/2003/uterodiagnosis.htm (778 words)

	UNSW Embryo- Prenatal Diagnosis
		Although prenatal diagnosis is highly accurate, a normal test result cannot show up every possible problem with the baby.
		Prenatal diagnosis is based the various types of tests that can be carried out to inform parents and clinicians.
		The second resource covers diagnosis after birth, this is a 1988 NHMRC Recommendation and is a guide to indicators in the neonate.
	embryology.med.unsw.edu.au /defect/page7.htm (1880 words)

	Ottawa Twins Plus Prenatal Classes
		This content is included in the "Minimum Objectives and Content for Prenatal Classes" which is adhered to by prenatal instructors in the Ottawa and Area community prenatal classes.
		The birth of a child brings excitement and joy and the majority of parents find themselves enrolled in Prenatal Classes, wanting to learn all they can about their impending birth and the days afterwards.
		Prenatal Classes help parents understand what is happening to the pregnant woman's body, learn about Mom's increased nutritional needs, how to properly prepare for delivery and to understand why a c-section may be necessary over a vaginal birth.
	www.multiplebirthsfamilies.com /classes.html (1381 words)

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