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Topic: Preprocessing

	Preprocessing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The preprocessing step is a relatively simple process of text substitution.
		It is important to realize that preprocessing is entirely done before the meaning of the source code itself is examined at all by the compiler.
		Preprocessing directives are indicated by lines starting with the 'sharp' symbol #.
	www.ii.uib.no /~olev/win32/basics/preprocess.html (255 words)

	Preprocessing - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Preprocessing is the act of processing data before it is parsed.
		For instance, in the C programming language, where preprocessing directives are marked with a '#' at the beginning of the line, the preprocessor can implement macros, be used for including external files at different points in the file or to select blocks of code are to be sent to the compiler.
		Preprocessing is very useful to solve portability issues: depending on the target platform (that is specified to the preprocessor by some command-line argument) the application will contain specific code.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Preprocessing (301 words)

	Preprocessing tokens (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Preprocessing tokens (pp-tokens) are a superset of regular tokens.
		Preprocessing tokens allow the source file to contain non-token character sequences that constitute valid preprocessing tokens during translation.
		Preprocessing numbers include all valid number tokens, plus some that are not valid number tokens.
	ou800doc.caldera.com /en/SDK_cprog/_Preprocessing_Tokens.html (186 words)

	Preprocessing reduction of weighted graphs
		Preprocessing applies a series of safe reduction rules on a graph until no more reduction rules can be applied.
		When the graph resulting after preprocessing is not empty, either the treewidth can be computed for the remaining graph by an exact, but possibly computational expensive algorithm (when the resulting graph is relatively small), or the treewidth can be approximated using heuristic algorithms.
		Preprocessing a graph by applying safe reduction rules takes on additional significance when using stochastic algorithms, since stochastic algorithms are usually applied a large number of times (at least 100), and hence, applying them on the reduced graph for the same number of iterations saves time.
	bioinfo.cs.technion.ac.il /superlink/ExpH.html (976 words)

	lex
		2.4 Preprocessing tokens [lex.pptoken] preprocessing-token: header-name identifier pp-number character-literal string-literal preprocessing-op-or-punc each non-white-space character that cannot be one of the above 1 Each preprocessing token that is converted to a token (_lex.token_) shall have the lexical form of a keyword, an identifier, a literal, an operator, or a punctuator.
		Preprocessing tokens can be sep- arated by white space; this consists of comments (_lex.comment_), or white-space characters (space, horizontal tab, new-line, vertical tab, and form-feed), or both.
		Similarly, the program fragment 1E1 is parsed as a preprocessing number (one that is a valid floating literal token), whether or not E is a macro name.
	cs.calvin.edu /books/c++/C++Standard-Nov97/lex.html (3734 words)

	lex (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		A source file together with all the headers (_lib.headers_) and source files included (_cpp.include_) via the preprocessing directive #include, less any source lines skipped by any of the conditional inclusion (_cpp.cond_) preprocessing directives, is called a transla tion unit.
		Preprocessing tokens can be sep arated by white space; this consists of comments (_lex.comment_), or white-space characters (space, horizontal tab, new-line, vertical tab, and form-feed), or both.
		2 A preprocessing number does not have a type or a value; it acquires both after a successful conversion (as part of translation phase 7, _lex.phases_) to an integral literal token or a floating literal token.
	www.itga.com.au /~gnb/wp/jan96/lex.html (2817 words)

	FMR Preprocessing - Update
		In previous program versions, we recommended to perform most preprocessing steps (except slice scan time correction) after VTC creation because 3D motion correction and 3D spatial smoothing was only available at that later stage.
		Since the new preprocessing routines work in original slice space, they require the correct specification of the spatial as well as temporal resolution of your functional data.
		If a preprocessing routine is checked in the Preprocessing options field, the respective controls of the corresponding parameter field are enabled and shown on the right side of the expanded dialog (an exception is "mean intensity adjustment", which has no parameters and does not appear on the right side).
	www.brainvoyager.de /BV2000OnlineHelp/BrainVoyagerWebHelp/FMR_Preprocessing_Update.htm (3166 words)

	cpp
		The resulting tokens comprise the controlling constant expression which is evaluated according to the rules of _expr.const_ using arithmetic that has at least the ranges specified in _lib.support.limits_, except that int and unsigned int act as if they have the same representation as, respectively, long and unsigned long.
		Otherwise, the original spelling of each preprocessing token in the argument is retained in the character string literal, except for special handling for producing the spelling of string literals and character literals: a \ character is inserted before each " and \ character of a character literal or string literal (including the delimiting " characters).
		The preprocessing tokens after line on the directive are processed just as in normal text (each identifier currently defined as a macro name is replaced by its replacement list of preprocessing tokens).
	www.ceng.metu.edu.tr /docs/cd2/cpp.html (2852 words)

	Preprocessing -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Preprocessing is the act of processing (A collection of facts from which conclusions may be drawn) data before it is (Click link for more info and facts about parsed) parsed.
		preprocessing directives that are usually placed in the input data itself.
		Preprocessing is very useful to solve (The quality of being light enough to be carried) portability issues: depending on the target platform (that is specified to the
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/p/pr/preprocessing.htm (302 words)

	VERI Preprocessing the training data (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		It is advantageous to use the VERI leave-one-out analysis as a preprocessing step: it provides the automated means for identifying these pitfalls in a chosen set of training data before it causes a problem.
		If inadequate sampling or inaccurate data points are identified in the preprocessing phase, it gives the user the opportunity to refine the training set if necessary before it is used to actually recognize test data.
		The preprocessing provides a means of measuring the quality of the training set, providing the user the opportunity to modify the training set if necessary or choose the best set of features.
	www.sandia.gov /imrl/XVisionScience/X2cPreprocess.htm (1238 words)

	FMR Preprocessing - Update (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		In previous program versions, we recommended to perform most preprocessing steps (except slice scan time correction) after VTC creation because 3D motion correction and 3D spatial smoothing was only available at that later stage.
		Since the new preprocessing routines work in original slice space, they require the correct specification of the spatial as well as temporal resolution of your functional data.
		If a preprocessing routine is checked in the Preprocessing options field, the respective controls of the corresponding parameter field are enabled and shown on the right side of the expanded dialog (an exception is "mean intensity adjustment", which has no parameters and does not appear on the right side).
	www.brainvoyager.com /BV2000OnlineHelp/BrainVoyagerWebHelp/FMR_Preprocessing_Update.htm (3166 words)

	NHD Watershed Tool (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The boundaries are used in the preprocessing to exaggerate the height of NED data where the two data layers overlap (along the ridge lines).
		Preprocessing of the basin boundary data layer is performed by first converting the boundary into a raster grid.
		After preprocessing the NED data layer, the grid cells that overlay the basin boundary lines are given an exaggerated value of 50 meters greater than the default elevation values at these locations.
	nhd.usgs.gov /watershed/watershed_tool_inst_TOC.html (4292 words)

	Global Analysis and Transformations in Preprocessed Languages
		Preprocessing is often used as a source-to-source transformation mechanism to extend existing languages [31].
		The semantic analysis part reclassifies the preprocessed tokens according to the (slightly different) token definition of the C language proper and follows the language's scoping and namespace rules to determine when two identifiers are semantically equivalent in the sense we described in Section 3.1.
		Although preprocessing is not part of newly developed languages, large bodies of code written in languages such as C and C++ are still being developed and also need to evolve and be maintained.
	www.dmst.aueb.gr /dds/pubs/jrnl/2003-TSE-Refactor/html/Spi03r.html (8449 words)

	ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E) -- C++ -- Preprocessing directives
		preprocessing token that is either the first character in the source file (optionally after white space containing no new-line characters) or that follows white space containing at least one new-line character.
		preprocessing token, followed by an identifier, occurs lexically at the point at which a preprocessing directive could begin, the identifier is not subject to macro replacement.
		preprocessing token, both are replaced by a single character string literal preprocessing token that contains the spelling of the preprocessing token sequence for the corresponding argument.
	www.kuzbass.ru:8086 /docs/isocpp/cpp.html (2926 words)

	cpp : The preprocessing language
		The preprocessing language ========================== After tokenization, the stream of tokens may simply be passed straight to the compiler's parser.
		The preprocessing language consists of "directives" to be executed and "macros" to be expanded.
		Preprocessing directives are lines in your program that start with `#'.
	techpubs.sgi.com /library/dynaweb_docs/fw/usr/freeware/info_tpl/cpp/cpp_19.html (390 words)

	EclipseME - Preprocessing
		Preprocessing is enabled or disabled on a project-level basis, allowing significant flexibility in the structure of workspace projects.
		Projects with preprocessing functionality enabled, may also disable the functionality if it is no longer necessary or useful.
		It is possible to control whether a particular symbol is defined or undefined directly via preprocessing directives or indirectly through the definition of symbol definition sets.
	eclipseme.org /docs/preprocessing.html (844 words)

	Dr. Dobb's \| PHP & Preprocessed Web Pages \| November 27, 2005
		Preprocessing makes it possible for complex homepages to be delivered lightning fast, and lets you significantly increase the number of pages served in an extremely cost-effective manner.
		An application that uses a redirect on its first page may require that the second page be preprocessed and used as the entry point, to avoid the redirect defeating the preprocessing.
		Preprocessing may improve the performance of multimedia sites, but it is probably better to optimize the multimedia content by reducing the size, quantity, or quality of the images, audio, and video during periods of high traffic.
	www.ddj.com /dept/lightlang/184406386 (2124 words)

	ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E) -- C++ -- Preprocessing directives
		preprocessing token that is either the first character in the source file (optionally after white space containing no new-line characters) or that follows white space containing at least one new-line character.
		preprocessing token, followed by an identifier, occurs lexically at the point at which a preprocessing directive could begin, the identifier is not subject to macro replacement.
		preprocessing token, both are replaced by a single character string literal preprocessing token that contains the spelling of the preprocessing token sequence for the corresponding argument.
	www.kuzbass.ru /docs/isocpp/cpp.html (2926 words)

	Preprocessing
		It shows how the translator parses the program as white space and preprocessing tokens, carries out the directives that you specify, and expands the macros that you write in the source files.
		Preprocessing expands macros in all non-directive lines and in parts of some directives that are not skipped as part of an if-group.
		The translator converts preprocessing tokens to C tokens and then parses and evaluates the expression.
	www.owlnet.rice.edu /~caam210/std_c/preproc.html (2963 words)

	Preprocessing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The source file is decomposed into preprocessing tokens and sequences of white-space characters.
		Preprocessing directives are executed and preprocessor macros are expanded.
		It is possible to preprocess a source file without actually compiling the program (see your platform-specific DEC C documentation for the available compiler options.) Chapter 8 discusses the preprocessing directives.
	www.helsinki.fi /atk/unix/dec_manuals/DOC_40D/AQTLTBTE/DOCU_028.HTM (283 words)

	Preprocessing
		The ccompression rate of such standard schemes can often be enhanced by using preprocessing algorithms specialized for the respective kind of data.
		Preprocessing algorithms are reversible transformations, which are performed before the actual compression scheme during encoding and afterwards during decoding.
		WRT (Word Replacing Transformation) is a preprocessing algorithm by Przemyslaw Skibinski, which is based on StarNT and replaces words with numbers of a fixed external dictionary.
	www.data-compression.info /Algorithms/Preprocessing/index.htm (501 words)

	[No title]
		Preprocessing directives are executed, macro invocations are expanded, and _Pragma unary operator expressions are executed.
		Preprocessing tokens can be separated by white space; this consists of comments (described later), or white-space characters (space, horizontal tab, new-line, vertical tab, and form-feed), or both.
		There is one exception to this rule: a header name preprocessing token is only recognized within a #include preprocessing directive, and within such a directive, a sequence of characters that could be either a header name or a string literal is recognized as the former.
	www.open-std.org /jtc1/sc22/open/n2794/n2794.txt (9168 words)

	ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E) -- C++ -- Lexical conventions
		preprocessing directive causes the named header or source file to be processed from phase 1 through phase 4, recursively.
		-1- Each preprocessing token that is converted to a token (lex.token) shall have the lexical form of a keyword, an identifier, a literal, an operator, or a punctuator.
		Preprocessing tokens can be separated by white space; this consists of comments (lex.comment), or white-space characters (space, horizontal tab, new-line, vertical tab, and form-feed), or both.
	www.kuzbass.ru /docs/isocpp/lex.html (3260 words)

	Dinkumware, Ltd. - EC++ Library Reference - Preprocessing
		Preprocessing constitutes the earliest phases, which produce a translation unit.
		Preprocessing treats a source file as a sequence of text lines.
		Preprocessing translates each source file in a series of distinct phases.
	www.dinkumware.com /manuals/default.aspx?manual=embedded&page=preproc.html (734 words)

	Preprocessing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Although there is no guarantee that preprocessing will always yield a faster solution, it does provide a highly effective approach to solving large and difficult problems.
		Preprocessing is especially useful when the original problem causes numerical difficulties to PROC LP.
		Since preprocessing could identify redundant constraints and tighten lower and upper bounds of variables, the reformulated problem may eliminate the numerical difficulties in practice.
	www.uni.edu /sasdoc/ormp/chap3/sect33.htm (303 words)

	Hitachi Releases First Modular Type Sample Preprocessing System
		By dividing preprocessing functions such as centrifuging and aliquotting into seven standardized modules, system configuration can be optimized to the requirements of the specific medical facility concerned.
		It is also necessary to ensure that personnel engaged in the preprocessing of samples are protected from the risk of infection.
		The new sample preprocessing system is based on the same modular concept, being comprised of seven standardized modules, each corresponding to a specific process that has to be implemented prior to sample analysis.
	www.hitachi.com /New/cnews/E/1998/980421B.html (553 words)

	Thermo Scientific - Algorithms - Chemometric Preprocessing Techniques
		Although there have been many studies done on the appropriate size of the spectral segment to use, a good general rule is to use a sufficient number of points to cover the full width at half height of the largest absorbing band in the spectrum.
		The main disadvantage of using derivative preprocessing is that the resulting spectra are very difficult to interpret.
		This preprocessing algorithm is most useful when analyzing minor (low concentration) constituents that have spectral bands that overlap those of major (higher concentration) constituents.
	www.thermo.com /com/cda/resources/resources_detail/1,2166,13428,00.html (2886 words)

	Preprocessing
		A useful preprocessing feature for performance tuning, one that is not always activated by default, can be to convert the problem to its dual formulation.
		It is worth emphasizing, to those familiar with linear programming theory, that the decision to solve the dual formulation of your model, via this preprocessing parameter, is not the same as the choice between using the dual simplex method or the primal simplex method to perform the optimization.
		Although these two concepts (dual formulation and dual simplex optimizer) have theoretical foundations in common, it is valid to consider, for example, solving the dual formulation of your model with the dual simplex method; this would not simply result in the same computational path as solving the primal formulation with the primal simplex method.
	www.ads.tuwien.ac.at /manuals/cplex-10.0/usrcplex/solveLP12.html (889 words)

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