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Topic: Prescription drug

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	PA-04-110: PRESCRIPTION DRUG ABUSE
		To reduce prescription drug abuse, research is needed on prevention approaches, service delivery, and behavioral and pharmaco- therapies targeted to particular populations (e.g., the elderly, women, adolescents, health professionals, and those with comorbid substance abuse and mental health disorders and/or medical disorders).
		Older adults may be more vulnerable to prescription drug abuse because of age- related physiological changes that may influence the metabolism and response to prescription drugs, greater likelihood of having undiagnosed psychiatric and medical comorbidities, and difficulties in compliance with complex multiple drug regimens that may increase the likelihood of drug interactions.
		Treatment studies are needed to develop and evaluate behavioral therapies and combined behavioral and pharmaco-therapies for prescription drug abuse, with particular attention to populations at highest risk (adolescents, women, patients with comorbid psychiatric and/or physical illness, the elderly, and those with a history of polydrug abuse).
	grants.nih.gov /grants/guide/pa-files/PA-04-110.html (6200 words)

	Prescription drug - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A prescription drug (or POM Prescription Only Medicine, in UK) is a licensed medicine that is regulated by legislation to require a prescription before it can be obtained.
		Prescription drugs are generally authorized by doctors, though nurse practitioners do an increasing amount of drug prescribing.
		Each item on the prescription is liable to a prescription charge of £6.65 (as of April 2006), although many patients are exempt from this charge.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Prescription_drug (600 words)

	Prescription Drug Addiction
		The three classes of prescription drugs that most often lead to a prescription drug addiction are opioids, which are used to for the treatment of pain, Central Nervous System depressants, or CNS, which are prescribed to treat anxiety and some sleep disorders, and stimulants which are usually used to treat ADD, ADHD, obesity, and narcolepsy.
		Even though this increased risk of prescription drug addictions is present, surveys and research that was done in the early 1990s indicated that there was most likely a high percentage of health care providers who were affected or suffered from substance abuse, including the abuse of alcohol and drugs.
		This may mean that the individual with the prescription drug addiction realizes that they need the drug to maintain their lifestyle and daily routine, or someone close to them notices a pattern and recognizes abuse.
	www.addiction.org.il /PrescriptionDrugAddiction.asp (569 words)

	NIH Guide: PRESCRIPTION DRUG ABUSE
		Applications are sought to define the extent of the problem of prescription drug abuse—to characterize the issue in terms of class of drug abused, etiology of abuse, and populations most affected.
		Older adults may be more vulnerable to prescription drug abuse because of age-related physiological changes that may influence the metabolism and response to prescription drugs, greater likelihood of having undiagnosed psychiatric and medical comorbidities, and difficulties in compliance with complex multiple drug regimens that may increase the likelihood of drug interactions.
		Program Description A range of research is needed to combat prescription drug abuse--from specifying the extent and nature of the problem (including health and social consequences) and identifying their determinants, to discovering effective clinical practices that identify those at risk and designing and disseminating prevention and treatment interventions.
	grants.nih.gov /grants/guide/pa-files/PA-01-048.html (4154 words)

	Prescription Drug Abuse and Prescription Drug Addiction Drug Rehabilitation and Drug Rehab Treatment Centers
		Drug tolerance is basically the body's ability to adapt to the presence of a drug.
		Tolerance then becomes defined as a state of progressively decreased responsiveness to a drug as a result of which a larger dose of the drug is needed to achieve the effect originally obtained by a smaller dose.
		Prescription Drug Abuse web does not make any representation, warranty, or endorsement of any product or service or the content or accuracy of any materials contained in, or linked to, any advertisement or link on the Site.
	www.prescription-drug-abuse.org (4954 words)

	Prescription Drug Coverage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		When a drug company’s patent on a particular drug expires, other companies are then free to begin producing the exact same drug, but can’t use the original brand name.
		Drugs on the preferred list are brand names that have been identified as excellent values, both clinically and financially.
		Before a drug can be designated as a preferred brand name, a committee of independent doctors and pharmacists evaluates the drug to be sure it meets standards for safety, effectiveness, and cost.
	www.purdue.edu /hr/Benefits/2005RxIncentive.htm (786 words)

	FAQ: Prescription Drug Coverage
		Although prescription drug spending is a small proportion (9 percent) of personal health care spending, it is one of the fastest growing components.
		Prescription drugs, which have become an integral part of the practice of medicine, are helping to keep people healthy and save lives.
		Medicaid provided prescription drug benefits to 11 percent of Americans in 1996 and is the primary source of prescription drugs for the low-income elderly and disabled.
	www.ncsl.org /programs/health/forum/faqrxdrugs.htm (3013 words)

	Prescription Drug Programs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Three options are available for the payment of prescription drug claims and you have the free choice of any of the three options.
		Many of the most-prescribed drugs are available under their generic names and many are manufactured by the same company that produces the brand-name drug.
		Drugs or drug treatments not approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), including, but not limited to, compounded medications, or experimental drugs.
	www.oefunds.org /healthwelfare/rx/rx.html (1377 words)

	Prescription Drug Abuse - Drug Info - Parents - The Anti-Drug
		Prescription drugs are medicines that are given to a patient by a doctor to treat a health condition.
		Prescription drugs make complex surgeries possible, relieve pain for millions of people, and enable individuals with certain medical conditions, like diabetes, to control their symptoms.
		Prescription drugs are not harmful if they are used properly and only under a doctor’s supervision.
	www.theantidrug.com /drug_info/prescription_drug_abuse.asp (412 words)

	Medicare Prescription Drug Plan (Part D)
		A summary of the Medicare prescription drug coverage.
		Also, persons could choose not to enroll in a Medicare prescription drug plan and continue with plans H, I, and J with the drug coverage, however if they switch to a Medicare prescription drug plan after their initial enrollment period they will have a penalty added to their premium.
		Re-importation of drugs from Canada is allowed, but only if their safety is certified by the Secretary of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (which has not happened to date).
	www.egyptianaaa.org /MedicareDrugBill.htm (1075 words)

	Prescription Drug Use and Abuse
		Ray had convinced herself that abusing prescription drugs was safer than abusing heroin, marijuana, and other "street drugs." "I would never do those," she says.
		A drug program in prison helped her beat addiction and taught her to cope with the triggers or life stressors that pushed her down the path to drug abuse.
		Prescriptions for Schedule II drugs also may not be refilled; patients have to go back to the doctor first.
	www.fda.gov /fdac/features/2001/501_drug.html (3322 words)

	NIDA - Research Report Series - Prescription Drugs: Abuse and Addiction
		The elderly are among those most vulnerable to prescription drug abuse or misuse because they are prescribed more medications than their younger counterparts.
		Most people take prescription medications responsibly; however, an estimated 48 million people (ages 12 and older) have used prescription drugs for nonmedical reasons in their lifetimes.
		Prescription drug abuse is not a new problem, but one that deserves renewed attention.
	www.nida.nih.gov /ResearchReports/Prescription/Prescription.html (467 words)

	Prescription Drug Abuse
		Prescription drugs can be easier to get than street drugs: Family members or friends could have a prescription.
		A 2003 National Survey on Drug Use and Health showed that among all youths aged 12 to 17, almost a quarter had tried prescription drugs for recreational use at least once.
		If a person has become addicted to prescription drugs, there are several kinds of treatment, depending on individual needs and the type of drug used.
	www.kidshealth.org /teen/drug_alcohol/drugs/prescription_drug_abuse.html (1584 words)

	Prescription Drug Costs and Coverage, Public Opinion, Research & Recent Legislation - Kaiser Family Foundation
		Public attention has focused on prescription drugs and on the pharmaceutical industry because of the very rapid growth of drug costs and because a significant portion of the population lacks insurance to cover the costs of the drugs they need.
		Methods of controlling prescription costs (such formularies, requiring generic rather than brand name drugs, tiered copayments) are being used, and their impact on costs and consumers studied.
		Current sources of prescription drug coverage among the Medicare population, the characteristics of beneficiaries who lack drug coverage and the implications of being without such coverage, and current data on prescription drug use and spending.
	www.kff.org /rxdrugs/index.cfm (1630 words)

	NIDA - Research Report Series - Prescription Drugs: Abuse and Addiction
		Screening for prescription drug abuse can be incorporated into routine medical visits by asking about substance abuse history, current prescription and OTC use, and reasons for use.
		Doctors also should be alert to the fact that those addicted to prescription drugs may engage in "doctor shopping"- moving from provider to providerÑin an effort to obtain multiple prescriptions for the drug(s) they abuse.
		Patients should inform their healthcare professionals about all the prescription and OTC medicines and dietary and herbal supplements they are taking, in addition to a full description of their presenting complaint, before they obtain any other medications.
	www.nida.nih.gov /ResearchReports/Prescription/prescription6.html (976 words)

	Frequently Asked Questions on Prescription Drug User Fees (PDUFA)
		A human drug application for which clinical data with respect to safety or effectiveness are not required for approval is assessed one-half of a full fee.
		An application for a prescription drug product that has been designated as a drug for a rare disease or condition under section 526 of the Act is not subject to an application fee unless the application includes an indication for other than a rare disease or condition.
		When the manufacture of a prescription drug is started during the year and after the establishment fee has already been assessed, the applicant is not assessed an establishment fee for that year.
	www.fda.gov /cder/about/smallbiz/pdufa.htm (2976 words)

	Prescription Drug News
		Statin drugs, which block the formation of cholesterol, are the primary drugs used to decrease low-density lipoprotein (LDL), or “bad”, cholesterol levels.
		Answer: Pharmacy Benefit Managers (PBMs), which manage prescription drug benefits for health plans, follow a multi-step process for determining whether or not a drug is placed on their formulary.
		Generic prescription drugs are beneficial for enrollees and for the GIC.
	www.mass.gov /gic/prescriptiondrugnews.htm (1595 words)

	About Prescription Drug Addiction :: PrescriptionDrugAddiction.com - A Resource for Individuals and Families
		Addiction may be defined as a pattern of compulsive drug use characterized by a continued craving for drugs and the need to use these drugs for psychological effects or mood alterations.
		If these drugs are stopped abruptly, the dependent person usually goes into “withdrawal” because the body is no longer receiving the outside source of the “chemical” it has grown to expect.
		Finally, recent national studies show that the sharpest increase of users of prescription drugs for non-medical purposes occur in the 12 to 17 and 18 to 25 age groups.
	www.prescriptiondrugaddiction.com /about.asp (722 words)

	Information Brief: Prescription Drug Abuse and Youth
		Prescription drugs, a category of psychotherapeutics that comprises prescription-type pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, and sedatives, are among the substances most commonly abused by young people in the United States.
		Prescription drugs are readily available and can easily be obtained by teenagers who abuse these drugs to experience a variety of desired effects.
		Prescription drugs, which are widely available and easy to obtain, provide young people with an easily accessible, inexpensive means of altering their mental and physical state.
	www.usdoj.gov /ndic/pubs1/1765 (1700 words)

	CNN.com - Dr. Sanjay Gupta: Prescription drug dilemma - Jan. 28, 2003
		Health care, especially prescription drug benefits for senior citizens, is one of the top domestic issues that President Bush is expected to address in his State of the Union speech Tuesday night.
		Prescription drug benefits are something we have talked about a lot.
		Barbara Kennelly, who is president of the National Committee to Preserve Social Security and Medicine, says, "Prescription drug benefits for current beneficiaries should not be held hostage by the requirement to enroll in a private plan" and that probably is one of the biggest issues Bush has been talking about.
	cnn.com /2003/HEALTH/01/28/otsc.gupta (621 words)

	Medicare Drug Benefit Calculator
		This calculator allows users to enter their prescription drug costs to determine what they will pay under the standard Medicare prescription drug benefit beginning January 1, 2006.
		The law provides a basic outline of "standard drug coverage," but plans can structure their benefit differently as long as the overall value is at least as generous as the standard Medicare plan.
		The calculator illustrates out-of-pocket drug expenses for beneficiaries who sign up for the new program.Â These numbers do not include the effects of having other sources of coverage to supplement Medicare, such as employer-sponsored retiree health benefits, nor do they include the effect of subsidies that may apply for low-income beneficiaries.
	www.kaisernetwork.org /static/kncalc.cfm (498 words)

	Prescription drug definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		Prescription drug: A drug requiring a prescription, as opposed to an over-the-counter drug, which can be purchased without one.
		Historically, a prescription was written before the drug was prepared and administered.
		However it is written, it is one of a number of hallowed abbreviations of Latin terms that have been traditionally used in prescriptions to specify the frequency with which medicines should be taken.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=5034 (362 words)

	Resources \| Prescription Drug Assistance Programs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Prescription medications currently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat cognitive Alzheimer symptoms include donepezil (Aricept®), rivastigmine (Exelon®), galantamine (Razadyne®, formerly Reminyl®) and memantine (Namenda®).
		Resources are available for individuals with Alzheimer's and their caregivers who are struggling with the high costs of prescription drugs.
		Medicare prescription drug coverage is now available to all Medicare beneficiaries.
	www.alz.org /Resources/TopicIndex/DrugAssistPrograms.asp (523 words)

	Office of Elder Services - A Guide to Prescription Drug Assistance in Maine
		The clinics do not have their own prescription drug program, but they may be able to give you samples of the medication.
		Many drug companies have special programs to help people who cannot afford the cost of their brand name prescription drugs.
		When your doctor writes you a prescription, it is important that you are able to read and understand the directions for taking the medication.
	www.maine.gov /dhhs/beas/medbook.htm (5193 words)

	Prescription Drug Costs: Background Brief
		Increased utilization and demand for prescription drugs - From 1994 to 2004, the number of prescriptions purchased in the United States increased 68%, [iv] while the population only grew 12%.
		Medicare: People without drug coverage, including many Medicare beneficiaries and the medically uninsured, often pay the highest prices for prescription medications, and must confront rapid cost increases directly. A 2003 survey found that one-quarter of seniors said they chose to forgo prescription medications in the past year due to high costs.
		Medicaid: All state Medicaid programs provide coverage for prescription drugs; although there are sizable differences in state policies with regard to copays, types of drugs that are covered, and the number of prescriptions that can be filled. Similar to the private sector, prescription drug costs under Medicaid have also grown rapidly in recent years.
	www.kaiseredu.org /topics_im.asp?id=352&parentID=68&imID=1 (797 words)

	DRCNet Online Library of Drug Policy
		Human Rights and the Drug War: Dedicated to the Prisoners of the Drug War and their families and to all those working to regain their freedom and restore respect for all Human Rights.
		The November Coalition is an organization of Drug War prisoners and their loved ones who are urging the citizens of this country to take a second look at the war on drugs.
		Drug arrests are transforming the Land of the Free.
	www.druglibrary.org (705 words)

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