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Topic: President of Abkhazia

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	Abkhazia: The Constitution of Abkhazia
		The territory of the Republic of Abkhazia is indivisible, inviolable and inalienable.
		A Vice-President of the Republic of Abkhazia shall be elected simultaneously with the President of the Republic of Abkhazia.
		The decisions of the President of the Republic of Abkhazia that are inconsistent with the Constitution and the laws of the Republic of Abkhazia may be canceled by a decision of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Abkhazia.
	www.unpo.org /article.php?id=697 (4337 words)

	Abkhazia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Abkhazia (Abkhaz Аҧсны/Aphsny, Georgian აფხაზეთი/Apkhazeti, Russian Абха́зия/Abkhazia) is a region of 8,600 km² (3,300 sq.mi.) in the Caucasus.
		The Caucasus mountains on the north and northeast divide Abkhazia from Circassia; on the southeast it is bounded by Mingrelia (Samegrelo); and on the southwest by the Black Sea.
		Abkhazia was an autonomous principality of the Byzantine Empire in the 7th century, between the 8th and 10 centuries it became an independent Abkhazian Kingdom, and after the 10th century it united with the Georgian kingdom until the latter was destroyed by the Mongols.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Abkhazia (2625 words)

	Encyclopedia: Abkhazia
		Abkhazia (Abkhaz ÐÒ§ÑÐ½Ñ/Aphsny, Georgian áá¤á®áá—á”á—á/Apkhazeti, Russian ÐÐ±ÑÐ°ÌÐ·Ð¸Ñ/Abkhazia) is a region of 8,600 kmÂ² (3,300 sq.mi.) in the Caucasus in northwestern Georgia.
		Abkhazia was made an autonomous principality of the Byzantine Empire in the 7th century, a status it retained until the 9th century, when it was united with the Georgian kingdom of Imereti.
		Newly appointed Georgian President Eduard Shevardnadze narrowly escaped death, as he had vowed to stay in the city no matter what, but was eventually forced to flee when separatist snipers fired on the hotel in which he was residing.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Abkhazia (6779 words)

	Abkhazia - History of Abkhazia
		To the east and southeast, Abkhazia is bounded by the Georgian region of Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti; and on the south and southwest by the Black Sea.
		The landscapes of Abkhazia range from coastal forests and citrus plantations, to eternal snows and glaciers to the north of the region.
		Abkhazia was made an autonomous principality of the Byzantine Empire in the 7th century — a status it retained until the 9th century, when it was united with the province of Imereti and became known as the Abkhazian Kingdom.
	www.abkhazeti.org /index.php?title=Abkhazia (3853 words)

	Elections in Abkhazia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An election is a process in which a vote is held to elect candidates to an office.
		Abkhazia elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature.
		The president is elected for a five term by the people.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Elections_in_Abkhazia (238 words)

	President Warns Europe against Politicizing Economic Issues
		President of Abkhazia Sergey Bagapsh believes that the development of economic cooperation with the European Union in the context of partnership programmes will be mutually beneficial and promising.
		The President warned the European Union against underestimating Abkhazia's role in the context of cooperation with Caucasian States, including in mediation.
		"Abkhazia's involvement in the regional policy is particularly important, given the relevance of the issues related to the strengthening of strategic partnership in the field of energy and addressing external threats, primarily, terrorism", the President stressed.
	www.abkhaziagov.org /en/news/detail.php?ID=3774 (207 words)

	ABKHAZIA.ORG - Constitution - Chapter 4
		A Vice-President of the Republic of Abkhazia shall be elected simultaneously with the President of the Republic of Abkhazia.
		The President of the Republic of Abkhazia shall be in charge of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Abkhazia to exercise general guidance of executive activities on the entire territory of the country.
		The decisions of the President of the Republic of Abkhazia that are inconsistent with the Constitution and the laws of the Republic of Abkhazia may be canceled by a decision of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Abkhazia.
	www.abkhazia.org /chapter4.html (1566 words)

	The World Factbook 2004 -- Field Listing - Background
		The government of former president MOBUTU Sese Seko was toppled by a rebellion led by Laurent KABILA in May 1997; his regime was subsequently challenged by a Rwanda- and Uganda-backed rebellion in August 1998.
		President Alberto FUJIMORI's election in 1990 ushered in a decade that saw a dramatic turnaround in the economy and significant progress in curtailing guerrilla activity.
		Nevertheless, the president's increasing reliance on authoritarian measures and an economic slump in the late 1990s generated mounting dissatisfaction with his regime.
	www.brainyatlas.com /fields/2028.html (15472 words)

	Freedom in the World 1998-99: Abkhazia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Abkhazia, which declared independence from Georgia in 1992, has functioned as a de facto independent state since the end of the 1992-93 war which killed at least 10,000 people and forced at least 150,000 ethnic Georgians to flee the region.
		Abkhazia, strategically located on Georgia's Black Sea coast, was an "autonomous" administrative unit during the Soviet period.
		In September, as conflicts along the border intensified, President Shevardnadze said he was prepared to give Abkhazia “the highest possible status of political autonomy within the federal Georgian state.” In December, both sides agreed to a withdrawal of forces in the Gali region, but a political solution remained elusive.
	www.freedomhouse.org /survey99/relterr/abkhazia.html (1119 words)

	InternationalReports.net : Adjara, Georgia 2002
		President Abashidze: I have two educations, the first in history/philosophy and the second in macroeconomics, the planning of the national economy.
		President Abashidze: Yes, first instead of having the Head of the Autonomous Republic of Adjara elected by the Parliament, based on my proposal, the head of Adjara is elected by the population of the region.
		President Abashidze: Yes, the first was that the head of the republic was elected by universal balloting by the population.
	www.internationalreports.net /cis/georgia/2002/adjara/presidentaslan.html (2672 words)

	Freedom in the World 2003 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In March elections to the territory’s parliament, deputies loyal to Abkhazia’s president won all of the seats in the legislature.
		In the October 1999 elections for president of Abkhazia, the incumbent, Vladislav Ardzinba, was the only candidate running for office; his inauguration ceremony was held in the capital, Sukhumi, in December.
		Abkhazia’s economy is heavily reliant on Russia; the territory uses the Russian ruble as its currency, and many residents earn income by trading citrus fruits across the border in Russia.
	www.freedomhouse.org /research/freeworld/2003/countryratings/georgia-abkhazia.htm (1368 words)

	[No title]
		Abkhazia's divided elite signed an unprecedented declaration last week committing them to display unity against what they said was a threat of aggression from the Georgian government.
		President Sergei Bagapsh, Vice-President Raul Khajimba, Prime Minister Alexander Ankvab and Chairperson of Parliament Nuzgar Ashuba were the first to put their names to the common declaration, affirming their desire to have the unrecognised republic, which seceded de facto from Georgia in 1993, recognised as an independent state.
		This is the united position of the multi-national people of Abkhazia and the leadership of the country." And he went on to accuse the Georgian government of spreading "terror" in the southern Gal region.
	www.kafkas.org.tr /absoluten/showarticle.php?articleID=1484 (655 words)

	Abkhazia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Abkhazia (Abkhaz Аҧсны/Apsny, Georgian აფხაზეთი/Apkhazeti, Russian Абха́зия/Abkhazia) is a region of 8,600 km² (3,300 sq.mi.) in the Caucasus.
		Large numbers of Muslim Abkhazians - said to have constituted as much as 60% of the Abkhazian population, though contemporary census reports were not very trustworthy - emigrated to the Ottoman Empire between 1864-1878 as a result of Russian oppression of Muslims.
		On 21 February 1992, Georgia's ruling Military Council announced that it was abolishing the Soviet-era constitution and restoring the 1921 Constitution of the Democratic Republic of Georgia.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/A/Abkhazia.htm (2935 words)

	News from Abkhazia April 2003 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Under its constitution, adopted in 1994, Abkhazia is a presidential republic, which means that the president has the power to appoint the premier and government ministers without the prior consent of parliament.
		President Ardzinba, for his part, feels that the war veterans have been manipulated by politicians seeking to challenge his presidency.
		President of Abkhazia had to dismiss the Prime Minister and entire government on April 8 after the Amtsakhara's demand.
	www.kapba.de /E-April2003.html (2670 words)

	Abkhazia (Georgia)
		It is subjected to a terrestrial blockade by Russia and Georgia and to a naval blockade by the Russian Navy.
		However, the Abkhazian president Vladislav Ardzinba recently became closer to Moscow, and consequently the Chechens allied with the Georgian 'partisans' (the Georgians who were sent off from Abkhazia after the defeat of Georgia) and fought back against Abkhazia.
		According to a colour picture showing the President standing nearby the flag, the flag of the President of Abkhazia is the national flag with the coat of arms placed in the middle.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/ge-abkha.html (1631 words)

	CENTRAL ASIA AND THE CAUCASUS Journal of Social and Political Studies
		In 1990 he was elected Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of Abkhazia, in 1994 the parliament elected him the first President of the Republic of Abkhazia.
		As the president he was steering his republic toward self-determination in accordance with the will of its people.
		President, some Georgian historians insist that the Abkhazians are descendants of a Georgian tribe which in the eighth to tenth centuries unified Georgia and made it a strong Caucasian state.
	www.ca-c.org /journal/eng-02-2000/17.ardzinba.shtml (1258 words)

	Abkhazia: Veterans Challenge President
		Abkhazia's increasingly powerful veterans movement, Amstakhara, has thrown down the gauntlet to the breakaway republic's leader, Vladislav Ardzinba, by urging him to step down.
		Eight days later, the extraordinary congress of Amstakhara, the largest political group in Abkhazia consisting of the veterans of the Abkhaz-Georgian war, officially convened to discuss the political situation in the republic.
		Elected president by popular vote in 1999, he was last interviewed on television, speaking with difficulty, during the Kodori Gorge crisis of October 2001.
	www.iwpr.net /?p=crs&s=f&o=160274&apc_state=henicrs2003 (1178 words)

	Russia, Chechnya, Abkhazia
		The Russian elite say that the Georgian president is a nationalist and even an imperialist, because he is trying to bring Abkhazia back to Georgia and remove the Russian military bases from Georgia's territory.
		The Russian elite always respectfully call the president of Abkhazia "President of Abkhazia Vladislav Ardzinba," and the Abkhazian detachments, the "army" or the "home guard." At one time Russia helped the Abkhazians drive the Georgians out of Abkhazia, and then deployed its troops between the Abkhazians and the banished Georgians and now keeps the peace.
		Presidents, deputies, and ministers are not so much smarter than their neighbors in the communal apartment, and their feelings are not that much more complex.
	www.cdi.org /russia/johnson/5520-9.cfm (1292 words)

	News: Caucasus (Armenia; Azerbaijan; Georgia), Abkhazia's new 'president' vows to fight for recognition of breakaway ...
		The former businessman was elected president on January 12 with 90 percent of votes after an earlier election in October was annulled because it was not supported by Russia.
		Georgian President Mikhail Saakashvili said on January 30 he was ready to resume talks with the separatist republic.
		Ossetia and Abkhazia straddle the route of the four billion dollar BTC pipeline, which is scheduled to begin pumping Caspian Sea oil to western markets through Turkey later this year.
	www.reliefweb.int /rw/RWB.NSF/db900SID/SODA-69L444?OpenDocument&rc=3&cc=geo (503 words)

	Russian-Georgian war in Abkhazia
		In his appeal to the population of Megrelia, President Gamsakhurdia writes: "It is clear, that one of the main aims of "Georgian-Abkhazian" war is genocide of Georgian population of Abkhazia and inducing of the population of Megrelia into this conflict.
		Under the rule of legally elected President and Parliament, due to reasonable politics, there were no antagonistic contradictions in Abkhazia, were most part of population consists of Georgians, in spite of strong attempts from Moscow to initiate there ethnic violence and disorders.
		President Gamsakhurdia always called to peace and being dissident, even organized meeting in Zugdidi July 27th 1989, and stopped excited population which was going to Abkhazia for revenge.
	www.geocities.com /shavlego/abkhaz_1.html (11241 words)

	Online Magazine - Civil Georgia
		The crisis in Abkhazia, which follows highly contested October 3 presidential elections, deepened after outgoing President of Abkhazia Vladislav Ardzinba openly slammed Bagapsh in his address to the nation on October 12, calling the decision of the CEC to announce Bagapsh president-elect "absurd" and warned of potential bloodshed.
		Some observers tend to interpret these last statements as a readiness by the Abkhaz President to introduce martial law in order to prevent Sergey Bagapsh, who is supported by the opposition movements and by the influential group of Abkhaz War Veterans, to become the next President of Abkhazia.
		The outgoing Abkhaz President alleged that the recent events in Abkhazia are "well thought-out actions, based on a Tbilisi scenario." The Georgian side is closely watching the situation in Abkhazia, but at the same time, is trying to distance itself from the recent developments there.
	www.civil.ge /eng/detail.php?id=8055 (1586 words)

	Газета.Ru - Abkhazia Wants Confederation with Russia
		However, “that does not mean that Abkhazia intends to enter Russia as a subject of the Federation”, Jergenia emphasized.
		Abkhazia’s intentions to establish a confederation union with Russia or to enter the Russian Federation have no legal grounds whatsoever, deputy chief of the Federation Council security & defence committee Alexander Kalita said.
		The question of Abkhazia’s possible integration into Russia or of creating a confederation may be discussed only provided Georgia consents to Abkhazia’s withdrawal from Georgia, Kalita emphasized.
	www.gazeta.ru /2001/10/18/AbkhaziaWant.shtml (392 words)

	Chad Nagle Elections In Abkhazia Old Town Review Politics
		Abkhazia shares a border with Russia, but although the Abkhaz have maintained a consistently pro-Russian orientation in their push for recognition, the Russians have cooperated with the international blockade of Abkhazia, making sure that the border remains closed to foreigners.
		This brought a rapid increase in the Georgian population at the expense of the Abkhaz.
		In 1990 Abkhazia declared itself a sovereign republic, and in March 1991, Abkhazia’s voters approved Gorbachev’s referendum on a new Union of Sovereign States, as the USSR was imploding.
	www.fluxfactory.org /otr/nagleabkhazia.htm (3262 words)

	News: Caucasus (Armenia; Azerbaijan; Georgia), Georgia: Abkhaz elite signs unity pact
		The president of Abkhazia and his recent political foes abandon hostilities for a display of national unity.
		President Sergei Bagapsh, Vice-President Raul Khajimba, Prime Minister Alexander Ankvab and Speaker of Parliament Nuzgar Ashuba were the first to put their names to the common declaration on February 16, affirming their desire to have the unrecognised republic, which seceded de facto from Georgia in 1993, recognised as an independent state.
		During the 2004 elections, animosity between the supporters of the two rival candidates reached such a pitch that all problems - political, economic or social -- began to be viewed in terms of "who voted for whom." Even family life was affected, with a number of divorces recorded because of political differences.
	www.reliefweb.int /rw/RWB.NSF/db900SID/SODA-6MB7VU?OpenDocument (1056 words)

	Abkhazia letter / News / Home - International Campaign to Ban Landmines
		In response to a recent statement by the de facto President of Abkhazia, suggesting that the border with Georgia might be mined in case Russian peacekeepers were to be withdrawn from the area, the International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL) called on the Abkhaz authorities to refrain from planting new mines.
		In a letter sent to the de facto President on 10 July, the ICBL warned that the laying of new antipersonnel mines could create a serious humanitarian crisis, especially due to the high numbers of civilians living near the border and those who cross it returning to their homes.
		The ICBL expressed the hope that a peaceful solution between Abkhazia and Georgia will be found, and called on the authorities of Abkhazia to refrain from new deployment of landmines, to avert new casualties and impediments to economic and social development.
	www.icbl.org /news/abkhazia_letter (337 words)

	COUNTRY INFORMATION abkazia, KAZAKHSTAN AZERBAIJAN UZBEKISTAN JAPAN CHINA Georgia TURKMENISTAN Russia
		The leader of the breakaway Georgian region of Abkhazia warned Thurdsay that any new conflict over his enclave would be "wider" than a deadly 1992-1993 war and could draw in both Russia and the United States.
		Anri Dzhergeniya said Georgia's stance on Abkhazia had beome "tougher" since Washington announced last month that it was sending up to 200 troops to Tbilisi to train the security forces hunting down alleged terrorists in the region, Russian media reported.
		As a result of the fight on 6 October in the Kodor Gorge the servicemen of the Armed Forces of Abkhazia, Givi Shinkuba was killed, while the fate of the deputy Chief of the General Staff of the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Abkhazia Denvar Aslandzia is unknown.
	www.lngplants.com /Abkhazia.html (1637 words)

	Abkhazia - Armeniapedia.org
		January 13 (Prime-News) - Meeting of Sergey Bagapsh, president of the unrecognized republic Abkhazia, with representatives of Armenian community of the republic was initiated by the Armenian Community's Council.
		On the 12th of January, the President of Abkhazia Sergey Bagabsh held a working session on preventing anti-Armenian provocations, which had taken place in Sukhumi, on the 1st of January.
		At the end of the Soviet Union, Abkhazia began enlarging its autonomy and intensified its desire to be independent of Georgia.
	www.armeniapedia.org /index.php?title=Abkhazia (4751 words)

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