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Topic: President of Czechoslovakia

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	Czechoslovakia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Czechoslovakia (Czech: Československo, Slovak: Česko-Slovensko/before 1990 Československo, German: Tschechoslowakei) was a country in Central Europe that existed from 1918 until 1992 (except for the World War II period).
		Czechoslovakia arose in October 1918 as one of the succession states of Austria-Hungary at the end of World War I.
		The Czechoslovakia national football team was a consistent performer in the international scene, with 8 appearances in the FIFA World Cup Finals, finishing in second-place in 1934 and 1962.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Czechoslovakia (1722 words)

	Vaclav Havel
		His open letter to Dr. Gustav Husak (the then President of Czechoslovakia) of 1975 in which he pointed out the critical condition of the society and the responsibility of the then ruling regime for that condition became widely known.
		As President of the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic, he met nearly all European Heads of State, as well as the Presidents of the United States, the Soviet Union and a number of other countries.
		From the position of President of the Czechoslovak Republic Havel resigned on July 20 -- he accounted for the abdication by explaining that he could no longer fulfill commitments necessitated by the oath of allegiance to the Czech and Slovak Republic in a way that would harmonize with his convictions, dispositions and consciousness.
	www.historyguide.org /europe/havel.html (835 words)

	Czechoslovakia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Czechoslovakia (Czech and Slovak: Československo), former country in Central Europe that existed from 1918 until 1992 (except for the World War II period).
		After World War II, the pre-war Czechoslovakia was reestablished, the Germans were expelled from the country and Ruthenia was occupied by (officially "given to") the Soviet Union.
		Except for a short period in the late 1960s (the Prague Spring) the country was characterized by the absence of democracy, the promotion of atheism, and relative economic backwardness compared to Western Europe.
	www.bidprobe.com /en/wikipedia/c/cz/czechoslovakia.html (1302 words)

	George Bush Presidential Library and Museum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		President, your life has been one of miraculous transformations from the world of drama to the world of dissent, from the life of the artist to the life of the activist, and of course in the space of just 1 short year, the most miraculous journey of all, from prison to the Presidency.
		Czechoslovakia and Europe are at the threshold of a new era.
		President, you've also explained the enormous tasks that you face in rebuilding a democracy on the ruins of the one-party state that you inherited.
	bushlibrary.tamu.edu /research/papers/1990/90022000.html (1105 words)

	Encyclopedia: President of Czechoslovakia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		This is a list of presidents of Czechoslovakia.
		It also lists leaders of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia during the time when that party held a leading role in the state (1948-1989)
		See also: List of Presidents of the Czech Republic, List of Prime Ministers of the Czech Republic, List of rulers of Slovakia, List of Prime Ministers of Czechoslovakia, List of Czech monarchs, Lists of incumbents.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/President-of-Czechoslovakia (351 words)

	MSN Encarta - Vaclav Havel
		He was president of Czechoslovakia from 1989 to 1992.
		After Czechoslovakia dissolved into the Czech Republic and Slovakia in January 1993, Havel served as president of the Czech Republic from 1993 to 2003.
		In 1968 Warsaw Pact troops led by the USSR invaded Czechoslovakia to suppress a democratic reform movement known as the Prague Spring.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761563691/Vaclav_Havel.html (628 words)

	Vaclav Havel hero file (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Havel is elected interim president of Czechoslovakia on 29 December, promising to lead the nation to free and democratic elections.
		Havel is elected president of the Czech Republic on 26 January.
		Lech Walesa, former president of Poland, and Arpad Goncz, former president of Hungary.
	www.moreorless.au.com /heroes/havel.html (3335 words)

	Slovakia History and Historical Timetable - The WorldWide-Tax.Com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Czechoslovakia is founded once again as a two nation state.
		The Slovak, Alexander Dubcek, is elected as President of Czechoslovakia.
		Schuster is appointed as President of the Republic.
	www.worldwide-tax.com /slovakia/slo_hist_rev.asp (206 words)

	Presidential Medal of Freedom Recipient Vclav Havel
		President Havel was awarded the prestigious Medal of Freedom by President Bush in a ceremony at the White House on July 23.
		President Havel, already in a select group of distinguished foreign leaders receiving the award, is also the first Czech to receive it.
		The Communist regime collapsed in Czechoslovakia in 1989, and Havel was elected president.
	www.medaloffreedom.com /VaclavHavel.htm (1507 words)

	Releases :: Moravian Professor Receives NEH Grant to Introduce Teachers to Bach
		The exhibit, which depicts the extraordinary life of Václav Havel, the prominent Czech playwright, dissident, and human rights advocate who became the first post-Communist president of Czechoslovakia and the Czech Republic, is on display through October 13 in the H. Paty Eiffe Gallery, Haupert Union Building, on the Moravian College main campus.
		In 1991, Havel, then president of Czechoslovakia, visited Moravian College and rededicated the statue of John Amos Comenius in front of Comenius Hall.
		In December 1989, Havel was elected president of Czechoslovakia.
	www.moravian.edu /news/releases/2004/102.htm (787 words)

	Havel, Vaclav. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		), 1936–, Czech dramatist and essayist, president of Czechoslovakia (1989–92) and the Czech Republic (1993–2003).
		He was elected president of Czechoslovakia after the collapse of Communism in 1990 and resigned in 1992 prior to the dissolution of Czechoslovakia, to which he was opposed.
		He was elected president of the new Czech Republic in 1993 and reelected in 1998.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ha/Havel-Va.html (300 words)

	Czech President Havel at Columbia University 1990
		President Vaclav Havel of Czechoslovakia who was awarded an honorary degree last Thursday, told students that the protests of their parents 22 years ago had "inspired me, influenced me"
		Addressing a capacity audience in Low Library, the new Czechoslovak president told of the time in 1968 when he had been invited to Columbia to have discussions with students who were on strike.
		As President of Czechoslovakia, you have helped set in motion such a rapid movement of history, it is astonishing to recall that you have been in office for less than eight weeks.
	www.columbia.edu /~js322/nyl/1990/havel-cu.html (835 words)

	Czechoslovakia
		Czechoslovakia was created in 1918 from territory that had previously been part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
		Adolf Hitler wanted to march into Czechoslovakia but his generals warned him that with its strong army and good mountain defences Czechoslovakia would be a difficult country to overcome.
		When Eduard Benes, Czechoslovakia's head of state, protested at this decision, Neville Chamberlain told him that Britain would be unwilling to go to war over the issue of the Sudetenland.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /2WWczech.htm (5060 words)

	President Klaus in Washington, DC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		This was President Klaus’s first visit to Washington, DC as the highest ranking representative of the Czech Republic, which centered around his meeting with Vice President Richard Cheney and his appearance at the CATO Institute’s 21st Annual Monetary Conference.
		President Klaus, his delegation, and members of the Czech Embassy attended a ceremony organized by The American Friends of the Czech Republic at the T.G. Masaryk Memorial on Massachusetts Avenue in northwest Washington.
		President Vaclav Klaus’s first trip to Washington, D.C. ended on a positive note and marked the end of a very successful visit in which he was able to further secure political relations with the United States, as well as convey the Czech Republic’s stance on issues of economic concern.
	www.mzv.cz /washington/newslet/2003/ctn11-12.htm (4656 words)

	My Century And My Many Lives - Chapter 12 - With President Benes In Chicago
		We have one request: if you reference this material in any way, please send us email at feedback@theragens.com and a copy of the paper, if possible, as we would like to know when this material is of interest and we are curious as to how it is being used.
		We met about once a week in the patrician house built by the president's grandfather on the quay of the Vltava, with a magnificent view of the Hradcany Castle, the seat of emperors and presidents.
		President Benes himself had abdicated shortly after the Munich surrender to become Visiting Professor at the University of Chicago.
	www.theragens.com /MunkBio/Munk_Autobiography_12.htm (974 words)

	George Bush Presidential Library and Museum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		President Bush shows a lot of understanding for our problems, and he has already pledged certain forms of assistance in the statement he delivered in the Federal Assembly, which you have suddenly had.
		The thing that is of most import to Czechoslovakia is increased support from the IMF and the World Bank.
		Czechoslovakia has made it very clear on a number of occasions that it is necessary to resist evil, that it is necessary to resist aggression, because our own history has taught us ample lessons about the consequences of appeasement.
	bushlib.tamu.edu /research/papers/1990/90111702.html (1280 words)

	George Bush Presidential Library and Museum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The President has sent a warm message of congratulations to Vaclav Havel upon his election as President of Czechoslovakia.
		The President noted the strong links between American and Czechoslovak democracy, going back to the creation of the Czechoslovak state in 1918, and pledged his commitment to the renewal and strengthening of political, economic, and cultural ties between Czechoslovakia and the United States.
		President Havel's election marks a fitting end to a year of astonishing change in Eastern Europe.
	bushlibrary.tamu.edu /research/papers/1989/89122900.html (292 words)

	The Delta Prize for Global Understanding
		During the course of his second term in office as President of the Czech and Slovak Federation, however, a rift between the Czech and Slovak political representatives over the future organization of the state began to emerge.
		According to Czechoslovak law, he was able to remain President for a period of time, which stretched to July 20, when, due to his inability to fulfill his oath of loyalty to the Republic in such a manner to be in line with his conviction, disposition, and conscience, he resigned the Presidency.
		Resigned from the federal presidency on July 20, after it became clear that the federation was heading for dissolution.
	www.uga.edu /news/deltaprize/Vaclav/bio.html (2050 words)

	Klement_Gottwald (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In March 1945, Edvard Beneš;, who had been elected President of Czechoslovakia 1935-38 and who had been head of Czechoslovakia's provisional government-in-exile in London since 1941, agreed to form a National Front government with Gottwald.
		President Beneš refused to sign the new legislation and he resigned on June 7, 1948 (he died three months later).
		On June 14, the National Assembly elected Klement Gottwald as the new President of Czechoslovakia.
	www.usedaudiparts.com /search.php?title=Klement_Gottwald (320 words)

	President Eduard Benes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Benes was President of the Czech government-in-exile during the war.
		President of Czechoslovakia before the war, Benes had been forced to resign under pressue from Hitler after the Munich Agreement and retired to the USA.
		After Nazi Germany invaded Czechoslovakia, Benes returned to Europe and became head of the Czech National Council and tried to get Britain, France, and other countries to recognize his government-in-exile and get aid for the growing resistance movement in Czechoslovakia.
	www.expage.com /eduardbenes (154 words)

	Tomás Masaryk (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk (sometimes called Thomas Masaryk in English) (March 7, 1850 - September 14, 1937) was a Czechoslovak independence advocate and first President of Czechoslovakia.
		In 1918 he went to the United States, where he convinced President Woodrow Wilson of the rightness of his cause.
		With the fall of the Austrian Empire, the Allies recognized him as head of the Provisional Czech government, and in 1920 he was elected the first President of Czechoslovakia.
	www.bidprobe.com /en/wikipedia/t/to/tomas_masaryk.html (337 words)

	Havel, Vaclav -- Britannica Student Encyclopedia
		Czech playwright, poet, and political dissident, who, after the fall of communism, was president of Czechoslovakia (1989–92) and of the Czech Republic (1993–2003).
		Václav Havel, who had resigned as president of Czechoslovakia in July 1992, was elected president of the Czech Republic in January 1993.
		The inhabitants of Czechoslovakia consisted mainly of Slavic-speaking Czechs and Slovaks.
	www.britannica.com /ebi/article?tocId=9311625&query=neumann, (684 words)

	RP's History Online - Socialization
		President Edvard Benes refused to sign the new legislation, and so he was forced to resign on June 7, 1948.
		On June 14, the National Assembly elected Klement Gottwald Czechoslovakia's new (and first 'working-class') president; and on June 15, Czechoslovakia's fifth post-war government was appointed with Antonin Zapotocky at its head.
		After the death of President Antonin Zapotocky, Antonin Novotny - the First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia - was elected President.
	archiv.radio.cz /history/history13.html (1162 words)

	Klement Gottwald - the Hangman of Czechoslovakia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Klement Gottwald became president of Czechoslovakia, after Eduard Benes resigned, on June 14th 1948, and what rapidly became a totalitarian regime was now in place.
		During his presidency, two hundred and thirty death sentences were handed out, and almost two hundred thousand so-called enemies of the state were sent to prison or labour camps.
		The sheet on the left side is Scott 587, issued in 1953, and it is dedicated to the death of the president Gottwald.
	www.values.ch /communism/CZ/Klement-Gottwald.htm (549 words)

	Vaclav Havel at the Library
		Czech President Vaclav Havel visited the Library on the eve of the Sept. 18 opening of an exhibition commemorating the 80th anniversary of the founding of the independent Czechoslovak state.
		Havel also could not have imagined that in 1991 he would receive the original 1918 Czechoslovakia Declaration of Independence in the hand of Thomas Masaryk (first president of Czechoslovakia, 1918-1935) as a gift from the Library of Congress to the Czech Republic.
		Many of the items featured in the exhibition are from the hand of President Woodrow Wilson and his secretary of state, Robert Lansing, both of whom were strong supporters of the new state.
	www.loc.gov /loc/lcib/9810/havel.html (563 words)

	RADIO FREE EUROPE/ RADIO LIBERTY
		Czech President Vaclav Havel's last day in office on 2 February comes more than 13 years after his inauguration as the first president of a post-Cold War Czechoslovakia.
		He also was president of Czechoslovakia from December 1989 to July 1992.
		Czechoslovakia's aging, discredited Communist President Gustav Husak resigned, and Havel launched his campaign for the presidency at a mass demonstration on Wenceslas Square on 10 December 1989 -- International Human Rights Day: "We will not allow anyone in any way to sully this beautiful face of our peaceful revolution.
	www.rferl.org /features/2003/01/30012003181448.asp (1731 words)

	Edvard Benes -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		He then (1940) organized the Provisional Government-in-Exile in London led by Jan rámek, and Beneš himself became the President of Czechoslovakia in exile.
		He resented the (A socialist who advocates communism) Communist takeover of Czechoslovakia on 25 February 1948 led by (The person who holds the position of head of state in England) Prime Minister (Click link for more info and facts about Klement Gottwald) Klement Gottwald, and resigned as President on 7 June 1948.
		Gottwald became his successor as President of Czechoslovakia.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/e/ed/edvard_benes.htm (318 words)

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