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Topic: President of the Soviet Union

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	Soviet Union - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Soviet Union, founded three decades before the Cold War, became a primary model for future Communist states; the government and the political organization of the country were defined by the only permitted political party, the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
		The Soviet Union was established in December 1922 as the union of the Russian (colloquially known as Bolshevist Russia), Ukrainian, Belarusian, and Transcaucasian Soviet republics ruled by Bolshevik parties.
		The Soviet Union occupied the eastern portion of the European continent and the northern portion of the Asian continent.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Soviet_Union (6313 words)

	President of the Soviet Union - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The President of the Soviet Union was the Head of State of the USSR from March 15, 1990 to December 25, 1991.
		From the mid-1920s on, all effective executive political power was in the hands of the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, with the Chairman exercising largely symbolic and figurehead duties.
		Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/President_of_the_Soviet_Union (747 words)

	Mikhail Gorbachev (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeyevich, (1931-...), was the leader of the Soviet Union from 1985 to 1991.
		On December 25, Gorbachev resigned as president, and the Soviet Union formally ceased to exist.
		In 1987, Gorbachev and President Ronald Reagan of the United States signed a treaty that called for the elimination of all the intermediate-range nuclear missiles of the two countries.
	www.worldbook.com /features/berlinwall/html/mikhail_gorbachev.htm (294 words)

	George Bush Presidential Library and Museum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		But we're dealing with such dynamic change in the Soviet Union that, as we said out at the G - 7, in terms of technical assistance and all, we want to be a part of it.
		President, I hope that during your visit to the Soviet Union you wouldn't hear such an accusation such as we hear.
		And the Soviet Union at the last minute had a couple of ideas of a peace conference or peace talk just before military force was used.
	bushlibrary.tamu.edu /research/papers/1991/91072509.html (4745 words)

	FRUS, 1958-60, Vol. X, Part 1: 10 - Soviet Union
		The Vice President agreed with Chairman Voroshilov's remarks and said that several workers and farmers he had met this morning had said to him that peace was their primary interest; he had assured the people there that the United States is for peace throughout the world.
		Soviet specialists, he said, had told him that to paralyze vital centers in the U.S. as well as in Europe, Asia, i.e., the U.S. bases on these two continents, rockets costing a total of 30 billion rubles were needed.
		President, It is with great pleasure that I note the agreement, which was so quickly reached between us concerning the exchange of visits/2/--about my visit to the USA in September 1959 and about your visit to the USSR later, in the autumn of this year.
	dosfan.lib.uic.edu /ERC/frus/frus58-60x1/10soviet4.html (20230 words)

	The coup that failed: 10 years ago a plot to save the Soviet Union led to its dissolution
		The president of the Soviet Union, their president, was destroying the one-party state, its central economy, its totalitarian institutions of social control.
		Yeltsin's vice president both before and after the fall of the Soviet Union, the Afghan war veteran was in charge of marshaling his boss' political troops.
		While most Soviet citizens, and most Russians today, retreat to bare-bones bungalows whose vegetable gardens provide vital sustenance, the Soviet leader was entitled to the most modern of amenities and a beautiful beachfront on the Crimean Peninsula.
	www.post-gazette.com /headlines/20010812soviet0812p3.asp (2391 words)

	Back from D.C., Rice offers inside look at U.S.-Soviet relations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Later promoted to special assistant to the president for national security affairs, she was involved in key meetings between Bush and Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev, and in discussions on German unification and Soviet conversion to a free-market economy.
		The Soviet Union, on the other hand, "is a country that has no banking system, has no monetary system and really doesn't have an idea of how to get from square one to square two in terms of the reform in the economy.
		President Bush, whom she met with personally up to three times a day before the Malta Summit, is "extremely trained and educated for this particular point in time," and, she said, is "a first- class diplomat."
	www.stanford.edu /dept/news/relaged/910506Arc1394.html (1494 words)

	Letter to Gorbachev, 1991: Peace in the Middle East; Preserving the Soviet Union (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		It urged the Soviet Union to stop the United States from waging an unjust war for Zionism, and also addressed internal cohesion problems in the Soviet 'Union' that, a few months after this letter was sent, resulted in the destruction of that empire.
		The Soviet Union must, in as friendly a way as possible, appeal to the people of the United States to exercise good judgment and rein in the worst instincts of the ruling class.
		It is in the Soviet Union's own, urgent self-interest to argue the case of Iraq before the world, because if 4,000 years of Iraqi history count for nothing in its claims upon Kuwait, surely 270 years of Russian history will not hold the Baltic for Moscow.
	members.aol.com /XPUS/Gorby.html (2739 words)

	Nuclear Age Timeline : The 1980's
		Mikhail Gorbachev became the Secretary General (and later President) of the Soviet Union in March 1985, drastically changing the character of Soviet leadership.
		Though this summit resulted in no formal agreements, the United States and the Soviet Union discussed reducing their strategic nuclear weapons by half over a five-year period and then eliminating all offensive nuclear weapons by 1997.
		Soviet President Gorbachev and President Reagan sign the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (NIF) Treaty, the first arms treaty signed by the superpowers calling for elimination of a whole class of weapons--intermediate range missiles.
	www.radiochemistry.org /history/nuclear_timeline/80s.html (1113 words)

	President of the Soviet Union articles on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Union of Soviet Socialist Republics UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS [Union of Soviet Socialist Republics] (USSR), Rus.
		union, labor UNION, LABOR [union, labor] association of workers for the purpose of improving their economic status and working conditions through collective bargaining with employers.
		As president of the Lenin All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences he became the scientific and administrative leader of Soviet agriculture.
	encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=President+of+the+Soviet+Union (492 words)

	Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev
		ikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev was born on March 2, 1931 in Privolye, Stavropol, U.S.S.R. He was general secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1985 - 1991 and president of the Soviet Union from 1990 - 1991.
		In May 1989 Gorbachev was elected chairman of the Supreme Soviet (parliament) and retained the national presidency.
		From 1989 on, the Soviet influence on the Soviet-bloc countries in eastern Europe decreased, a process which was supported by Gorbachev.
	cla.calpoly.edu:16080 /~lcall/gorby.bio.html (800 words)

	Soviet Biog @ LaunchBase.net (Launch Base) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Meanwhile, the Cold War gave way to Détente and a more complicated pattern of international relations in which the world was no longer clearly split into two clearly opposed blocs.
		The fulfillment of the capitalist reforms started in the USSR under Gorbachev can be seen from the fact that in 2005 the Russian Federation became the third country by number of billionaires, who were able to benefit from their former connections in the Communist Party during the post-USSR sale of state property into private hands.
		This was in accordance with a Soviet-run "Living Church" program that attempted to use the guise of protecting Orthodoxy in order to prevent Christianity from spreading in the forms of new church bodies.
	www.launchbase.net /encyclopedia/Soviet (4935 words)

	George Bush Presidential Library and Museum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The President and Chairman Gorbachev exchanged views on a variety of issues during their meetings in Malta, including the remarkable events leading to peaceful and democratic change in Eastern and Central Europe.
		Supporting observer status for the Soviet Union in GATT after the Uruguay round is completed next year.
		The President urged the Soviet Union to use the intervening time to move toward market prices at the wholesale level so its economy will become more compatible with the GATT system.
	bushlibrary.tamu.edu /research/papers/1989/89120400.html (713 words)

	Russia - The August Coup and Its Aftermath (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Soviet Union vice president Gennadiy Yanayev was named acting president.
		Both the Soviet Union and the United States had recognized the independence of the Baltic republics in September.
		From Yeltsin's perspective, Russia's participation in another union would be senseless because inevitably Russia would assume responsibility for the increasingly severe economic woes of the other republics.
	countrystudies.us /russia/20.htm (545 words)

	Gorbachev kicks off presidential campaign (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Mikhail Gorbachev, the first and last president of the Soviet Union, was snubbed by St Petersburg Mayor Anatoly Sobchak, who did not schedule a meeting with him.
		Although hailed in the West as a brilliant statesman, many Russians blame him for the collapse of the Soviet Union, as well as the drop in living conditions, social standards and public safety that came after the breakup.
		Mr Gorbachev's wife, Raisa, who was the first Soviet first lady who maintained a high public profile but was generally disliked at home for what most ordinary people saw as high-handedness, looked unhappy during her husband's speeches.
	www.friends-partners.org /partners/spbweb/sppress/152/gorbach.html (595 words)

	Mikhail Gorbachev
		Gorbachev served as Chairman of the Foreign Affairs Committee of the Soviet Union from 1984 to 1985.
		In 1985 he was elected Member of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, serving until 1990, and was also appointed Secretary General of the Polit Bureau of the CCCP, serving until 1991.
		In 1988, Gorbachev was elected President of the Presidium and in 1989 he was elected Chairman of the Supreme Soviet.
	www.clubmadrid.org /cmadrid/index.php?id=127 (545 words)

	Upcoming.org: Mikhail Gorbachev? Former President of the Soviet Union to speak in Pasadena at Pasadena Civic Auditorium ...
		Former President of the Soviet Union to speak in Pasadena at Pasadena Civic Auditorium (Wednesday, April 5, 2006)
		Former President of the Soviet Union to speak in Pasadena
		Mikhail Gorbachev,who served as leader of the Soviet Union from 1985 until its dissolution in 1991,is coming to Pasadena as part of the Distinguished Speaker Series.
	upcoming.org /event/35114 (387 words)

	AEI - Short Publications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The discussion covered our entire four-part agenda with the Soviet Union, and we looked in particular at what had been achieved since our last meeting in Moscow and what still needed to be accomplished in the future.
		I told the president that we Americans welcomed the changes that he has initiated in the Soviet Union, and we hope that much more will and should be done to benefit the Soviet people and also the relations between our countries.
		An American president and vice president meeting a president of the Soviet Union under the gaze of the Statue of Liberty.
	www.aei.org /publications/pubID.833,filter.all/pub_detail.asp (2751 words)

	Russia, Pope John Paul the Great, Gorbachev - JRL 4-10-05
		RFE/RL: There was one Soviet leader who met with Pope John Paul II, who sought out and received an audience -- Mikhail Gorbachev, the first and last president of the Soviet Union.
		Initially, in order to show to what an extent the Holy Father was a Slav and how he respected the new Soviet Union, he proposed that we spend the first 10 minutes alone together and he spoke in Russian.
		The pope, by the way, responded to this and I was told that the next time President Bush met with him, he very firmly and decisively demanded the immediate withdrawal of forces from Iraq and that the Iraqis be allowed to arrange their own affairs.
	www.cdi.org /russia/johnson/9116-24.cfm (1320 words)

	Former Soviet president and Nobel Peace Prize recipient lectures at Loyola
		Former president of the Soviet Union Mikhail Gorbachev will present "A Dialogue with Mikhail Gorbachev" on Thursday, April 17, from 7 8 p.m.
		After the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, the former Soviet leader established the Gorbachev Foundation, an organization dedicated to socio-economic studies and research.
		"The breakup of the Soviet Union and the resulting economic opportunities will give Louisiana a distinct advantage for international trade and transportation because of the state's unique combination of deep-draft ports, agricultural production, oil field, and other sectors in which Louisiana is globally competitive," the statement continued.
	www.loyno.edu /newsandcalendars/loyolatoday/1997/04/gorbachev.html (420 words)

	Guilford College - Former Soviet Union President Mikhail Gorbachev to Lecture on "Global Leadership" Oct. 6
		He streamlined and decentralized the Soviet Communist system he inherited and taught the world two new words: perestroika (governmental restructuring) and glasnost (political openness).
		In 1992, Gorbachev became President of the Gorbachev Foundation, a nonprofit, nonpartisan educational foundation, which articulates and addresses the challenges of the post Cold War world through the re-visioning of global priorities.
		In 1993, he founded the environmental organization, Green Cross International, which is a three-pronged program with a mission to clean up military toxins, assist in the creation of global ecological law and foster a value shift on the environment.
	www.guilford.edu /newsEvents/index.cfm?ID=600005310 (323 words)

	Former Soviet President Gorbachev Tells Putin to Sack the Government - MONEY - MOSNEWS.COM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Former President of the Soviet Union Mikhail Gorbachev said that Russia’s government should be sacked because of bungled social reforms and because ministers had strayed from the manifesto set out by President Vladimir Putin.
		Gorbachev, who came to power 20 years ago and presided over the break-up of the Soviet Union, told the radio station’s listeners that the government had been “burned” over an attempt to scrap Soviet-era social benefits and replace them with cash payments.
		“The president is pursuing a very different course from the one set out in his state of the nation address when he was elected for a second term,” Gorbachev told the radio station.
	www.mosnews.com /money/2005/03/13/gorbygovt.shtml (768 words)

	UNL News Releases 02/14/02 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Gorbachev was president of the Soviet Union from 1990-1991 and general secretary of the Communist Party from 1985-1991.
		He received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1990 for his role in promoting peace and change in the Soviet Union and ending the U.S.S.R.'s domination of Eastern Europe through the process of "glasnost." Gorbachev also ended the Soviets' ill-fated nine-year occupation of Afghanistan when he oversaw the withdrawal of troops in 1988 and 1989.
		On Dec. 25, 1991, he resigned the presidency of the Soviet Union, which ceased to exist the same day.
	www.unl.edu /pr/2002/0202/021402anews.html (418 words)

	The 80’s (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Hodel, the court rules that DOE's Y-12 Plant in Tennessee is subject to the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act.
		The Soviet Union announces a nuclear testing moratorium.
		Soviet President Gorbachev proposes elimination of European short and medium range missiles.
	web.em.doe.gov /timeline/the80s.html (587 words)

	The Avalon Project : Joint Message of Assistance to the Soviet Union from President Roosevelt and Prime Minister ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Joint Message of Assistance to the Soviet Union from President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill : August 15, 1941
		The following is the text of a joint message from President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill delivered personally on Friday afternoon, August 15, by the British and American Ambassadors to Josef Stalin, President of the Soviet of Peoples Commissars of the U.S.S.R.:
		We realize fully how vitally important to the defeat of Hitlerism is the brave and steadfast resistance of the Soviet Union and we feel therefore that we must not in any circumstances fail to act quickly and immediately in this matter on planning the program for the future allocation of our joint resources.
	www.yale.edu /lawweb/avalon/wwii/joint.htm (446 words)

	Former Soviet President Gorbachev to speak at UGA
		Former Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev, who helped dissolve Communism in his own country while leading a crusade for global peace, will speak Dec. 3 at 7:30 p.m.
		Regarded as one of the century’s pre-eminent international leaders, Gorbachev helped thaw the Cold War by introducing political and economic reform in the Soviet Union, ending Communist rule in Eastern Europe and forging a new policy of peace and cooperation with the United States.
		UGA President Michael F. Adams says all interested citizens are invited to attend the speech.
	www.uga.edu /columns/991115/front2.html (659 words)

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